뇌경색후 발생한 Cortical Spreading Depression과 뇌경색 범위에 관한 실험적 연구

박윤관,이승민,김세훈,이기찬,주정화,이훈갑 대한신경외과학회 1996 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.25 No.3

Cortical Spreading Depression(CSD) is a transient depression of neuronal activity that spreads across the cortical surface and is associated with profound changes in blood flow, extracellular ion concentration. Direct Current(DC) potentials and cell membrane potentials. One of the electrophysiological disturbance in the periinfarct surrounding is spontaneous occurrence of repeated CSD like DC shifts associated with increased energy demand. Due to restricted blood flow to the periinfarct border zone, elevated metabolic demand is potentially harzardous. So the authors designed this experiment to verify the correlation between periinfarct cortical spreading depression and ischemic volume following permanent middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats(n=27) were anesthetized with 0.5∼1% halothane, and artificially ventilated through a tracheal cannula. Arterial pressure, blood gases and body temperature were controlled. The middle cerebral artery(MCA) was occluded distally to the lenticulostriate branches. Measurements of CSD activity were made for 4 hours in each animal. Infarct volume was determined 6 hours later in 2, 3, 5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride(TTC)-stained sections. For 4 hours after MCA occlusion, the CSDs were found in all experimental animals with a range of 2∼9 times. Those CSDs wer of varying duration, : "small"(<1 min) and "big"(> 1 min) SDs and mean of total duration of SD was 10.5±10.3 min during 4 hours of MCA occlusion. Neuropathological evaluation of brain infarct in the rats, which had been allowed to survive for 6 hours after MCA occlusion showed a mean volume of 89.7±45.3㎣. Serial observation of duration of CSD showed progressive prolongation only in 8 rats. The rest of them(n=19) did not show any prolongation. Neither the prolongation of duration of CSD nor the frequency of CSD in the penumbral zone correlated with the volume of infarct. However total duration of CSD was slightly related with the infarct volume after 6 hours of the permanent MCA occlusion(r=0.414, p=0.0318).

유치원에서의 부모 자원봉사활동에 대한 원장, 교사, 부모의 인식

박화윤,최재숙 한국영유아보육학회 2002 한국영유아보육학 Vol.0 No.29

This study investigates director, teacher, parent's recognition on the volunteer activities of parents in the kindergarten classrooms. The subjects of this study were 662 kindergarten directors, teachers, parents in Jeonbuk province, respectively 144, 212, 306. The data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed by the statistical methods of frequencies, percentages, a Chi-Square test with SPSS program. The major findings were as follows : 1) Directors, teachers, parents positively recognized the concept of volunteer that is parent's spontaneous, public benefit, development of self and nonsalaried activity. And it appeared need to volunteer activities in kindergarten because of effectiveness of early childhood education and understanding of the kindergarten. 2) They all recognized that volunteer's attitude needs the observance of role, most of all directors recognized knowledge of education principle, teachers and parents recognized fairly dealing with children. 3) They all recognized that pre-education needs to the understanding of early childhood education and children. 4) Most of the Directors, teachers, parents wanted the role of the simple assistant as a volunteer activities in kindergarten. 5) Most of the Directors, teachers, parents recognized that the assessment method needs to discussion among directors, teachers and parents and the assessment content needs to volunteer's attitude and capability of volunteer's role performance.

예비 유아 교사의 자아상태 유형에 관한 연구

박화윤,최인숙,천은영 한국영유아보육학회 2003 한국영유아보육학 Vol.0 No.34

The purpose of this study is to analyze the preservice teacher' ego state type and to provide basic data for personality education and teacher training. The subjects of this study were 234 students majoring in early childhood in 2 universities and 112 students majoring in early childhood in 2 colleges of Jeonbuk province. The instrument of this study were 「Ego gram Check list」that were developed by Dusay(1977). The results of this study were as follows : 1. As compared among the grade, all groups were showed that NP type was predominant position, and both A type and FC type were showed to be a significant difference. 2. As compared between university students and college students, two Groups were also showed that NP type was predominant position, and both A type and FC type were showed to be a significant difference.

또래관계 증진을 위한 교사의 신념과 실천과의 관계

박화윤 圓光大學校 1995 論文集 Vol.29 No.1

The purpose of this study is to analyze the relation between teachers' belief and classroom practice in order to facilitate peer relations of young children. The questions for this study are as follows; 1.What is the best factors influencing the development of peer relations? 2.What is the belief of teachers' influence on the development of peer relations? 3.Are there any differences in the belief of teachers' ability by factors influencing the development of peer relations? 4. What is the classroom practice facilitating peer relations? 5.Are there any differences in the classroom practice by the belief of teacher's influence on the development of peer relations? The subjects of this study were 211 teachers who worked at Kindergartens and nursery schools in the Cheun-Buk district. The tool used for this study was a questionaire of peer relations rating scale. The collected data were analyzed by the study questions statistically such as frequency, percentage, Chi square. The results of the study can be summarized as follows: 1.It revealed that the factor most influencing in developing social skills with peers was child's inherent capabilities or nature(36.8%), the nest was peers or siblings(27.7%) 2.It revealed that teachers' influence on the development of peer relation was some much(38.1%) the nest was common. 3.The differences of teacher's belief according to the factors facilitating child's peer relation ability were significant. It significantly revealed in resolving conflicts with peers by nature, being kind toward peers by parents, and startign play activities with peers ingerent nature. 4.It revealed that practice of teacher in the classroom was common, the nest was some difficult. 5.The differences of teacher's practice in the classroom according to the teachers' belief were significant. It revealed that the practice in class-room according to the teacher's belief was some much. It revealed that the practice in classroom was common when the teacher's belief of teaching ability was some much in cooperating with peers, being kind toward peers, being comfortable in groups of peers, starting play activities with peers, and developing friendships with peers.

단전호흡 및 기춤이 청소년의 성격 형성에 미치는 영향

김연화 한국정신과학학회 1998 韓國精神科學學會誌 Vol.2 No.2

가치관의 혼돈과 교육 무질서로 인하여 비행 청소년이 급속도로 늘어나고 참을성의 부족 및 고 통을 극복해 낼 수 있는 강인함의 결여로 청소년 자살이 많아지고 있는 현 시점에서, 단전호흡 및 기춤 프로그램이 청소년의 올바른 성격 형성에 영향을 줄 수 있는지 그 가능성을 알아보고자 한다. According to the confused view of worth and education, the number of juvenile delinquency is growing rapidly And nowadays, the lack cf patience and a strong 써 It to cope with difficulties, the number of juvenile suicide is growing, too So, the propose of tills study is to investigate If the program of Danjeon Breathe and Qi Dance can produce a good effect on the right formation d' juvenile character.

유아교사가 지각한 사회적 지지와 유아의 사회적 능력과의 관계

박화윤,임경례 원광대학교 대학원 2007 論文集 Vol.38 No.-

The purpose of this study is to find out the relationship between of teacher's perceived social support and children's social competence. It researches into 100 teachers who are working at the educational facilities for the children 3 towns in Chungnam and 800who are 3,4,5 year-old children in selected teachers' classes. The research tool is the questionnaire. To survey social support of the teacher it is the "Social support perception" which is made by Ji-Won Park(1985). To survey social competence of the children it is made by Pease, Clark & Crase(1979) and then revised by Jung-Youn Lee(1999). The results of this study is as following: First, teachers perceived their social support above the average whilst there is no significant difference according to typical traits of the teacher such as age, educational background, marital status, type of education facilities and their classes. Second, social competence of the children's taken as whole, 5 year-old are better than 3,4 year-old children however there is no meaningful difference. Third, it shows perceived social support of the teacher is related social competence of the children. Social support what teachers perceived has a positive influence upon social perception of the development. Consequently, teachers should perceive their own social support to make raise efficiency of the social competence of the children.

Masserman 방법에 의한 뇌척수액 생성률 측정의 새로운 변형

박윤관,정용구,정흥섭,서중근,이훈갑,주정화,이기찬 대한신경외과학회 1992 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.21 No.8

Two modifications of the Masserman method for the measurement of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) formation have been designed and compared with the Pappenheimer technique, the Masserman method and its old form of modification in animal experiment. Among the theoretical limitations of the Masserman method, resorption of CSF during the period of measurement was taken into account with two modifications of its integration in this study. The first one was calculated by reduced formula for a simple integration and the second one was produced by Simpson's formula of integration. Twenty adult cats were used for the experiment. Mean CSF production rate calculated by the Pappenheimer method, the Masserman method, the modified Masserman method and newly designed two modifications were 0.0207±0.0018㎖/min, 0.0128±0.0031㎖/min, 0.0166±0.0027㎖/min, 0.0183±0.003㎖/min and 0.0197±0.0033㎖/min respectively. When compared with the Pappenheimer method, data obtained from the Masserman method were significantly underestimated(p<0.01). All modifications have well correlated with the Pappenheimer method, and newly modified Masserman methods showed better cerrespondence.

백서 허혈성 국소 뇌경색에서의 소뇌 실정핵 자극 효과

박윤관,김대환,정흥섭,이기찬,주정화,이훈갑 대한신경외과학회 1996 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.25 No.3

Elecrical stimulation of the cerebellar fastigial nucleus(FN) increases cerebral blood flow(CBF) and reduces brain damage after focal cerebral ischemia. The authors studied whether the neuroprotection elicited from electrical stimulation of the cerebellar FN is attibutable to the elevation in regional CBF(rCBF) or reduction in release of excitatory amino acid. Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized with a mixture of halothane(3% for the induction and 1% for maintenance) and oxygen, and artificially ventilated through a tracheal cannula. Arterial pressure, blood gases and body temperature were monitored. The middle cerebral artery(MCA) was occluded distal to the lenticulostriate branches. The FN was then stimulated for 1 hour(100uA : 50Hz : 1sec on/1sec off). The changes in rCBF were measured by hydrogen clearance method for 2 hours, over the regions corresponding to the ischemic core and penumbra. Postischemic release of glutamate and aspartate were measured by microdialysis for 2 hours at the same site of measurement of rCBF. Infarct volume was determined 8 hours later in 2, 3, 5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride(TTC)-stained sections. FN stimulation(n=12) increased mean arterial pressure by 28±16mmHg. In nonstimulated control rats(n=12), mean AP was not changed significantly during the experimental procedures. Compared with nonstimulated animal, stimulation of FN for 1 hour following MCA occlusion significantly increased rCBF in ischemic core and penumbra by 53.6% and 67.6% respectively. And the volume of infarction decreased by 42% at 8 hours after MCA occlusion. The concentration of glutamate and aspartate in ischemic core after MCA occlusion increased both in the control group(to 12.2±3.3 folds and 10.4±4.1 folds, respectively) and in the stimulation group(10.5±2.8 and 11.2±4.1 folds, respectively). The concentration of glutamate and aspartate in penumbra did change significantly neither in the control group(to 2.5±1.3 folds and 1.8±0.6 folds, respectively) nor in the stimulation group(1.9±0.5 folds and 2.1±0.4 folds, respectively). There was no significant difference between the two groups. These data indicate that neuroprotection elicited from electrical stimulation of the erebellar FN is attributable to the elevation in rCBF but no to the reduction in release of excitatory amino acid.

신규간호사의 임상수행능력 예측요인

신연화,이해정,임연정 한국간호과학회 간호행정학회 2010 간호행정학회지 Vol.16 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the predictors of clinical competence in new graduate nurses. Methods: The subjects of this study were 238 nurses at 13 general hospitals who have had less than 12 months of nursing experience. The data were collected by structured questionnaire from August 5 to August 31 of 2009 and analyzed by the SPSS Win 12.0 program. Results: The total mean score for clinical competence was 181.05±15.17, critical thinking disposition was 94.65±8.12, and practice environment was 41.00±5.55. There were significant differences of clinical competence according to the GPA (t=-3.58, p<.001), the number of beds in the hospital (t=-3.22, p=.001), instruction by preceptor (t=-2.32, p=.021), and previous experience of clinical practice in the hospital (t=-2.21, p=.028). Additionally, critical thinking disposition and practice environment were positively correlated to clinical competence (r=.50, p<.001; r=.20, p=.002). In multivariate approach, predictors included in this study explained 43% of variance in clinical competence. Significant predictors of clinical competence were critical thinking disposition (β=.50, p<.001), practice environment (β=.14, p=.012), and working duration (β=.13, p=.018). Conclusions: Based on these findings, it is needed that providing supportive practice environment and developing curriculum for enhancing the critical thinking disposition to improve the clinical competence in new graduate nurses.

韓國의 幼兒敎育課程에 나타난 數學敎育內容에 관한 分析的 硏究

박화윤 圓光大學校 1986 論文集 Vol.20 No.1

The Purpose of this study is to analyze the mathematics contents presented in early childhood currilum, to serve the basic informations for the design of mathematics programs and the development of early childhood curricula that are consisted of a well-balanced contents of the basics of math., activities using the basics, symbols and higher level activities The materials were analized in this study are as following ; The Department of Education in Korea (ed.) (1984) ; The material kits of early childhood education for the teacher ? The Early Childhood Study Center in Ducksung Womens College(ed) (1985) ; Early Childhood Curriculum Based on Interaction Theories. ? The Ewha Kindergarten in Ewha Womans University (ed.) (1982) ; Activities Centrered Curriculum. The following resarch problems are included ; 1. What are the mathematics contents that early childhood educators have presented in mathematics programs for young children ? 2. What is the scope of mathematics contents presented in Korean early childhood curricular ? 3. Which contents of mathematics are emphasized in Korean early childhood curricular ? 4. In which sequences are planned the contents of mathmatics presented in Korean early childhood curricular in every semenster ? 5. In Which activity times are taught the contents of mathematics presented in Korean early childhood curricular ? The results obtained are as following ; 1. Most of early childhood educators have presented matching (one to one correspondence), conversation the language of mathematics ordering measuring of volume, weight, length and temperature, measuring of time, graphs and charts, pattern, to match sets and numerals, number operations, writig numerals, number system, fraction, money. 2. The scope of math, contents presented in Korean early childhood curricula are matching, one to one correspondance, classifying, conparing, shape, space, conservation, counting, ordering, measuring time, pattern, graph, to, match sets and numerals, number operation, writing numerals, fractions. 3. Math. contents on which put emphasis in Korean early childhood curricular are classifying, comparing, counting, one to corresponedence, measuring times, matching sets and numerals, and basic concepts of math. are especially emphasized. 4. Math. contents are balancely arranged in every semester. 5. Much of mathmatics cotents were in general taught in a conversation and planning activity time.