A Validation Study on a Subjective Driving Workload Prediction Tool

Yoonsook Hwang,Daesub Yoon,Hyun Suk Kim,Kyong-Ho Kim IEEE 2014 IEEE transactions on intelligent transportation sy Vol.15 No.4

<P>A variety of methods used to measure a driver's workload do not include information such as the driver's characteristics and attitudes. A subjective driving workload prediction tool (DWPT) was developed to overcome this limitation. The purpose of this study is to validate the DWPT, which is composed of three subfactors: the situational inadaptability, the risk-taking personality, and the interpersonal inadaptability. For this reason, we conducted the driving simulator experiment to gather the drivers' driving behaviors. The driving path scenario included various driving tasks. Thirty male drivers participated in this study. The analysis results showed that a driver's predicted score of subjective driving workload had a positive or a negative relation to their workload-related driving behaviors such as the operation of the indicator/steering/gas pedal and gaze behaviors. In particular, two subfactors, i.e, the risk-taking personality and the interpersonal inadaptability, were more closely related to their driving behaviors than the total predicted subjective driving workload and the situational inadaptability subfactor. These results suggest that a DWPT could be used to predict the drivers' subjective driving workload instead of measuring the driving performance or self-reporting questionnaire. In addition, this would be expected to be available on the area of the Advanced Driver Assistance System and drivers' safety industry.</P>

The Study on the Prediction of Driving-Workload Using the DWPT in Curve Section: Local Road and Urban Road

( Yoonsook Hwang ),( Daesub Yoon ),( Hyunsuk Kim ),( Hyunsuk Kim ),( Kyong Ho Kim ) 한국감성과학회 2014 춘계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.-

This study aimed to investigate on whether the DWPT (the subjective Driving-Workload Prediction Tool) could be identified driving-workload according to road characteristics: the local road and the urban road. We had performed statistical analysis using thedata of 26 drivers (male: 15, female: 11; age: 36.54(SD=14.28)) from real driving environment. The DWPT score and EEG data were analyzed. The participants asked to fill out the DWPT Questionnaire before starting driving experiment. EEG data were collected using the FOT (Field Operational Test) method during main driving experiment. The DWPT is the developed questionnaire for predicting on drivers\` subjective driving-workload based on drivers` attitude on driving and their psychological characteristics in previous study. The DWPT is composed of three sub factors: the Situational Inadaptability, the Interpersonal Inadaptability, and the Risk Taking Personality. In this study, we had performed the regression analysis by setting the DWPT as an independent variable. As a result of analysis, the total score of DWPT had predicted driving-workload significantly while driving in the curve at both local and urban roads. However, the sub-factors of DWPT, the Situational Inadaptability, the Interpersonal Inadaptability, and the Risk Taking Personality, had predicted driving-workload inconsistently according to different road types. For details, the situational inadaptability was predicted driving-workload significantly during driving on the curve of both types of road.

The study on the prediction of driving-workload using the DWPT in curve section

Yoonsook Hwang,Daesub Yoon,Hyunsuk Kim,Kyong-Ho Kim 대한인간공학회 2014 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.5

This study aimed to investigate on whether the DWPT (the subjective Driving-Workload Prediction Tool) could be identified driving-workload according to road characteristics: the local road and the urban road. We had performed statistical analysis using the data of 26 drivers (male: 15, female: 11; age: 36.54(SD=14.28)) from real driving environment. The DWPT score and EEG data were analyzed. The participants asked to fill out the DWPT Questionnaire before starting driving experiment. EEG data were collected using the FOT (Field Operational Test) method during main driving experiment. The DWPT is the developed questionnaire for predicting on drivers" subjective driving-workload based on drivers’ attitude on driving and their psychological characteristics in previous study. The DWPT is composed of three sub factors: the Situational Inadaptability, the Interpersonal Inadaptability, and the Risk Taking Personality. In this study, we had performed the regression analysis by setting the DWPT as an independent variable. As a result of analysis, the total score of DWPT had predicted driving-workload significantly while driving in the curve at both local and urban roads. However, the sub-factors of DWPT, the Situational Inadaptability, the Interpersonal Inadaptability, and the Risk Taking Personality, had predicted driving-workload inconsistently according to different road types. For details, the situational inadaptability was predicted driving-workload significantly during driving on the curve of both types of road. However, the interpersonal inadaptability was tended to predict driving-workload slightly on the curve in only urban road. These results implicate that the density of driving environments (e.g. number of pedestrians and number of other vehicles) may affect driving-workload while curve negotiation. In other words, there are more pedestrians and more vehicles during curve negotiation in urban road than in local road. Therefore, the drivers should be driving more carefully on curve in urban road while interacting with others. These results suggested that the DWPT possibly identify differences of driving environments. The DWPT and the results of study will be applied to the driving-workload management system and adaptive driver intelligent human-vehicle interaction system. These systems could estimate the drivers’ driving-workload and provide intelligent interaction system for drivers by multi-modal interfaces based on the driving-workload.

Antioxidative Activities of Korean Apple Polyphenols

Yoonsook Kim,Heedon Choi,Inwook Choi 한국식품영양과학회 2011 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.16 No.4

The antioxidative activity and the polyphenolic composition were examined in four different cultivars of apple (Malus domestica), ‘Fuji’, ‘Tsugaru’, ‘Hongro’ and ‘Kogetsu’, and their parts (peel, core, pulp and juice). The total phenolics, flavonoids and anthocyanins differed among the tested cultivars and parts. Peel parts had the highest total phenolics and anthocyanin content. Contributions of those phenolics to total antioxidative activity were determined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assays, and the linoleic acid oxidation assay. Concentration of phenolics contributes significantly to the total antioxidative activity of apples. Clearly, apple peels, especially from Hongros and Kogetsus, possess high levels of phenolic compounds and antioxidants. Therefore, apple peels may potentially function as a value-added ingredient.

가변형 디지털 클러스터에 관한 운전자의 선호도 연구

황윤숙(Yoonsook Hwang),김경호(KyongHo Kim),권영진(YoungJin Kwon),김도현(DoHyun Kim) 한국통신학회 2020 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2020 No.11

반응표면분석을 이용한 농축 포도즙의 알코올발효 조건 최적화

김윤숙(Yoonsook Kim),김로사(Rosa Kim),최희돈(Hee-Don Choi),최인욱(In-Wook Choi) 한국식품영양과학회 2009 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.38 No.1

포도즙의 알코올 발효 시 당 농도와 교반속도, 발효시간이 알코올함량과 총산도에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 반응 표면분석을 이용하여 알코올발효 조건을 최적화하였다. 알코올함량은 10%, 총산도는 최소화되는 것을 목적으로 하여 알코올 발효조건을 최적화한 결과 19.98°Bx로 농축한 국내산 Campbell early 포도즙에 효모를 접종시킨 후 교반속도 104.1 rpm으로 89.67시간 동안 발효시켰을 때 목적값에 가장 근접한 결과를 나타내었다. 알코올 발효 시 포도즙의 당도가 증가할수록 알코올함량과 총산도는 증가하는 경향을 나타내었고, 교반속도는 알코올함량과 총산도에 큰 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 발효시간이 길어질수록 알코올 함량과 총산도가 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize alcohol fermentation of concentrated grape juice. Sugar concentration (X₁), agitation rate (X2) and fermentation time (X₃) were chosen as the independent variables of the central composite design (CCD). Dependent variables were alcohol content (Y1) and total acidity (Y₂). To optimize two dependent variables, desirability function was defined as Y1=10.0% and Y₂=minimum. The optimum conditions for alcohol fermentation were 19.98°Bx (sugar concentration), 104.1 rpm (agitation rate) and 89.67 hr (fermentation time). The predicted responses were 10.0% in alcohol content and 0.86% in total acidity. The coefficients of determination (R²) were 0.948 and 0.958, which indicate that the model fit was highly significant (p<0.001). The experimental values were 10.1% for alcohol content and 0.88% for total acidity. These values were similar to the predicted values from RSM.

탈지대두단백 산 가수 분해물과 당의 반응에 의하여 생산된 Maillard Reaction Products의 이화학적 특성 및 항산화성

김윤숙(Yoonsook Kim),문지혜(Ji-Hye Moon),김명희(Myunghee Kim),최희돈(Hee-Don Choi),박용곤(Yong-Kon Park) 한국식품영양과학회 2009 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.38 No.1

본 연구는 식물단백 가수 분해물(HVP)인 탈지대두 단백산 가수 분해물(DFHSP)과 환원당(glucose, fructose, ribose)을 기본 원료로 하여 여러 가지 반응온도, 반응시간, 압력 등 다양한 반응조건 model system하에서 MRP를 제조하여 이화학적 특성과 항산화 효과, 관능적 특성이 우수한 MRP생산을 위한 최적기질과 반응조건을 찾고자 하였다. 반응액의 이화학적 특성은 pH, 갈변도, 색도의 변화로 비교하였으며 항산화활성은 DPPH radical 소거활성과 hydroxy radical 소거활성을 통해 측정하였으며 관능적 특성은 기호도로 비교하였다. 당 종류에 따른 MRP의 반응성을 비교한 결과, MRP의 pH 감소와 갈변도의 증가는 환원당 중 ribose와 반응시킨 MRP가 유의적으로 크게 나타났으며 대기상태에서 제조된 시료보다 압력을 가해 반응시킨 MRP가 높은 반응성을 보였다. Glucose와 fructose를 사용한 경우에는 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그중에서도 R/DFHSP을 가압반응기에서 140℃에서 30분 동안 2.8 ㎏/㎠ 압력을 주어 반응시킨 MRP가 가장 높은 pH 감소와 갈변도를 보였다. DPPH radical 소거활성과 hydroxy radical 소거활성의 경우 glucose나 fructose의 hexose보다 반응성이 큰 pentose인 ribose를 당원으로 한 R/DFHSP 반응계가 높은 활성을 보였으며 이를 가압상태의 조건으로 반응시킬 경우 항산화활성이 훨씬 증대되는 효과를 보였다. 관능적 특성비교 결과 ribose와 반응시킨 MRP가 고기 향에 근접한 MRP의 기질로 선정되었으며 대기압 상태의 낮은 반응조건에서 제조될 경우 탈지대두 단백 산 가수 분해물액 자체의 간장냄새로 인하여 기호도가 높지 않았다. 가압반응조건에서는 R/DFHSP을 121℃에서 1.5 ㎏/㎠의 압력 하에서 30분간 반응시킨 MRP의 경우 고기 향에 근접하는 평가를 얻었으나 140℃에서 2.8 ㎏/㎠의 압력 하에서 제조 시 탄내가 심하여 기호도가 저하되었다. 이상의 결과에서 반응성과 항산화적 측면에서는 ribose를 당원으로 하며 가압의 조건을 가해 MRP를 제조할 경우 상당한 항산화활성 증강효과를 얻을 수 있으나 관능적 특성을 고려하였을 때는 높은 압력은 너무 높은 반응성으로 인해 기호도 감소의 원인이 된다. Maillard reaction products (MRPs) were produced from aqueous solution of various sugars with defatted hydrolyzed soybean protein (DFHSP) with different temperatures and pressures. Physicochemical properties of MRPs were investigated; also, DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and sensory properties were evaluated. MRPs from ribose and DFHSP had the highest reactivity with larger pH reduce, higher browning index increase and higher antioxidant activity than other MRPs from other sugars. The antioxidant activities were increased with increasing temperatures and pressures of reaction. The highest antioxidant activity and sensory preference were obtained from MRPs with ribose at 140oC with 2.8 ㎏/㎠ for 30 mins.

국내 류마티스 관절염의 처방 현황 분석

김윤숙(Yoonsook Kim),천부순(Pusoon Chun) 대한약학회 2019 약학회지 Vol.63 No.6

This study was conducted to analyze the prescription patterns of glucocorticoids and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in the management of rheumatoid arthritis. A cross-sectional study was conducted using the claims data of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service-National Patient Samples-2016. A total of 4,147 patients were analyzed. About 38, 28, and 6% received triamcinolone, methylprednisolone, and hydrocortisone, whereas 65, 45, 30, and 20% received methotrexate, hydroxychloroquine, leflunomide, and sulfasalazine. A total of 369 patients received biological DMARDs and approximately 47% received tocilizumab or adalimumab. Most of the biological DMARDs were concurrently prescribed with synthetic DMARD, especially methotrexate. In case of injectable glucocorticoids, 84% of the repeated injections were given within 12 weeks after the previous injections. As for oral glucocorticoid cases, 48% were “low dose” and stopped within 3 months. Furthermore, 15% continued for more than 6 months and 20% were prescribed at high doses. This study found that the prescription patterns of DMARDs met with the guidelines of American College of Rheumatology (ACR) and European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR). However, in many cases of glucocorticoid uses, the dose was higher and the duration was longer than the recommendations of the guidelines. High doses and longterm use of glucocorticoids should be restrained to prevent serious side effects.

The Development of Phototoxicity Test Method Using KeraSkin™ and Eye Irritation Reference Chemical Database System for Support of Validation Study for Alternative Test Methods

So-Hee KIM,Nam-Hee KANG,Joohwan KIM,Yoonsook LEE 한국생물공학회 2023 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2023 No.4

Fate of mesophilic aerobic bacteria and <i>Salmonella enterica</i> on the surface of eggs as affected by chicken feces, storage temperature, and relative humidity

Park, Sunhyung,Choi, Seonyeong,Kim, Hoikyung,Kim, Yoonsook,Kim, Byeong-sam,Beuchat, Larry R.,Ryu, Jee-Hoon Elsevier 2015 FOOD MICROBIOLOGY Vol.48 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We compared the microbiological quality of chicken eggshells obtained from a traditional wholesale market and a modern supermarket. We also determined the survival and growth characteristics of naturally occurring mesophilic aerobic bacteria (MAB) and artificially inoculated <I>Salmonella enterica</I> on eggshells under various environmental conditions (presence of chicken feces, temperature [4, 12, or 25?°C], and relative humidity [RH; 43 or 85%]). The populations of MAB, coliforms, and molds and yeasts on eggshells purchased from a traditional wholesale market were significantly (<I>P</I>?≤?0.05) higher than those from a modern supermarket. In the second study, when we stored uninoculated eggs under various storage conditions, the population of MAB on eggshells (4.7–4.9 log CFU/egg) remained constant for 21 days, regardless of storage conditions. However, when eggshells were inoculated with <I>S.?enterica</I> and stored under the same conditions, populations of the pathogen decreased significantly (<I>P</I>?≤?0.05) under all tested conditions. Survival of <I>S.?enterica</I> increased significantly <I>(P</I>?≤?0.05) in the presence of feces, at low temperatures, and at low RH. These observations will be of value when predicting the behavior of microorganisms on eggshells and selecting storage conditions that reduce the populations of <I>S. enterica</I> on eggshells during distribution.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Microbial levels of eggshells from traditional market and supermarket were compared. </LI> <LI> Behaviors of microbes on eggshells as affected by storage conditions were studied. </LI> <LI> Eggshells from traditional market had more microbes than those from supermarket. </LI> <LI> Populations of <I>Salmonella</I> on eggshell surfaces decreased under all tested conditions. </LI> <LI> Survival of <I>Salmonella</I> increased when stored with feces at low temperature and RH. </LI> </UL> </P>