Role of hypothalamic Foxo1 in the regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis

Kim, Min-Seon,Pak, Youngmi K,Jang, Pil-Geum,Namkoong, Cherl,Choi, Yon-Sik,Won, Jong-Chul,Kim, Kyung-Sup,Kim, Seung-Whan,Kim, Hyo-Soo,Park, Joong-Yeol,Kim, Young-Bum,Lee, Ki-Up Nature Publishing Group 2006 NATURE NEUROSCIENCE Vol.9 No.7

Insulin signaling in the hypothalamus plays a role in maintaining body weight. Studies suggest that the forkhead transcription factor Foxo1 is an important mediator of insulin signaling in peripheral tissues. Here we demonstrate that in normal mice, hypothalamic Foxo1 expression is reduced by the anorexigenic hormones insulin and leptin. These hormones' effects on feeding are inhibited when hypothalamic Foxo1 is activated, establishing a new signaling pathway through which insulin and leptin regulate food intake in hypothalamic neurons. Moreover, activation of Foxo1 in the hypothalamus increases food intake and body weight, whereas inhibition of Foxo1 decreases both. Foxo1 stimulates the transcription of the orexigenic neuropeptide Y and Agouti-related protein through the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway, but suppresses the transcription of anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin by antagonizing the activity of signal transducer–activated transcript-3 (STAT3). Our data suggest that hypothalamic Foxo1 is an important regulator of food intake and energy balance.

조혈모세포 이식 후 발생한 급성 신부전의 원인과 급성 신부전이 예후에 미치는 영향

김세중(Se Joong Kim),김성균(Seong Gyun Kim),오윤규(Yoon Kyu Oh),김현리(Hyun Lee Kim),김연수(Yon Su Kim),안규리(Cu Rie Ahn),한진석(Jin Suk Han),박선양(Seon Yang Park),김성권(Shung Gwon Kim),김병국(Byoung Kook Kim),이정상(Jung Sang Lee 대한신장학회 2002 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.21 No.3

배 경 : 조혈모세포 이식(hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; HCT) 후 합병증으로 패혈증(sepsis), 이식편대숙주반응(graft versus host disease; GVHD), 정맥폐색성 질환(venoocclusive disease; VOD), 약물에 의한 부작용(drug induced nephrotoxicity; DT), 급성 신부전(acute renal failure; ARF) 등이 있다. HCT 후 발생하는 ARF는 환자의 생존율에 영향을 미치는 것으로 알려져 있으나 우리나라에서의 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 저자들은 HCT 후 ARF의 발생빈도, 위험인자를 살펴보고, ARF의 발생이 HCT 후 환자의 예후에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 1985년부터 2000년까지 서울대학교병원에서 HCT를 받은 환자 163명 중 분석이 가능하였던 107명을 대상으로 하였다. 결 과: HCT 후 ARF는 총 107명의 환자 중 52명(48.6%)에서 발생하였다. VOD, sepsis, GVHD 중 VOD가 ARF의 위험도를 4.4(1.13-17.2)배 증가시켰다(p<0.05). ARF의 원인은 시기에 따라 차이가 있었으나, cyclosporin 신독성이 전 기간에 걸쳐 ARF의 주된 원인이었다. ARF 발생군에서 전체 생존율은 60%였으며, ARF 비발생군(NARF)에서는 73%로, ARF 발생군에서 생존율이 낮았다(p<0.05). ARF 발생군을 최고 혈청 크레아티닌 3.0 ㎎/dL을 기준으로 경증과 중증 ARF로 나누어, NARF 군, 경증 ARF 발생군, 중증 ARF 발생군을 비교하였을 때, 중증 ARF 발생군에서 생존율이 낮았다(p<0.01). 결 론 : HCT 후 VOD, sepsis, GVHD 등이 ARF의 위험도를 증가시켰으나, ARF의 주된 원인은 cyclosporin 신독성이었다. ARF는 중증인 경우 HCT를 받은 환자의 예후를 결정하는 인자였다. Background : Common complications after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HCT) include sepsis, graft versus host disease(GVHD), veno-occlusive disease(VOD), drug-induced nephrotoxicity, and acute renal failure(ARF). Prior studies report that the presence of ARF affects prognosis. However, we are unaware of such reports on the incidence of ARF after HCT in Koreans, and whether or not the development of ARF is related to prognosis. The purpose of our study was to investigate the cause of ARF after HCT and its relation to prognosis. Methods : 163 patients received HCT at Seoul National University Hospital since 1985, of which, 107 were available for review. Results : ARF after HCT developed in 52 patients (48.6%). In the three clinical causes, VOD, sepsis, and GVHD, risk factor related to the development of ARF was preexisting VOD. Logistic regression confirmed this association(odds ratio 4.4). The causes of ARF were different according to the periods it developed, and cyclosporin nephrotoxicity was the main cause through the whole period after HCT. The overall survival was worse in the ARF group(60 vs 73 %; p<0.05). ARF group was split into two groups : patients whose peak serum creatinine levels were below 3.0 ㎎/dL(mild ARF group) and those who were above 3.0 ㎎/dL(severe ARF group). Severe ARF group had worse survival than mild ARF group and patients without ARF(p<0.01). Conclusion : VOD, sepsis, GVHD after HCT increase the risk of the deveolopment of ARF, but cyclosprin nephrotoxicity is the main cause of ARF. Severe ARF is a factor influencing the prognosis of patients who received HCT.

Papillary thyroid carcinoma with thyroiditis

Yon Seon Kim,Hye-Jeong Choi,Eun Sook Kim 대한외과학회 2013 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.85 No.1

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathologic characteristics of papillary thyroid cancer with thyroiditis, and to determine the rate of its complications for it. Methods: A retrospective review of 1,247 patients with papillary thyroid cancer who underwent primary thyroidectomy was performed. Among them, 316 patients had thyroiditis (group I) while 931 patients had no thyroiditis (group II), as reflected in the final pathologic reports. The two groups’ clinicopathologic results and rate of complications were compared. Results: Female gender, preoperative hypothyroidism, total thyroidectomy, no extrathyroid extension, no lymphovascular invasion, and no perineural invasion were associated with group I. More central lymph nodes were removed in group I than in group II, but there were fewer central lymph nodes with metastasis in group I than in group II. For the lateral lymph nodes, the two groups had the same numbers of removed nodes and nodes with metastatic tumor. Multivariate analysis revealed female predominance, more cases of preoperative hypothyroidism, more dissected lymph nodes, and fewer lymph nodes with metastasis in group I. Among the patients who underwent lobectomy, postoperative hypothyroidism occurred more in group I than in group II (P < 0.001). There was no difference in postoperative complications between the two groups. Conclusion: Papillary thyroid cancer with thyroiditis showed less aggressive features. Postoperative hypothyroidism occurred more in the patients with thyroiditis.

Incident dementia in kidney transplantation recipients: a matched comparative nationwide cohort study in South Korea

( Seon Ha Baek ),( Jina Park ),( Sehoon Park ),( Mi-yeon Yu ),( Ji Eun Kim ),( Sang Hyun Park ),( Kyungdo Han ),( Yong Chul Kim ),( Dong Ki Kim ),( Kwon Wook Joo ),( Yon Su Kim ),( Hajeong Lee ) 대한신장학회 2023 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.42 No.4

Background: Recent studies have shown that patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are at elevated risk of dementia. However, whether kidney transplantation (KT) lowers the risk for incident dementia remains unclear. Methods: From the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, we identified incident KT recipients aged ≥40 years without any history of dementia between 2007 and 2015. We also established a pair of age-, sex-, and inclusion year-matched control cohorts of patients with incident dialysis-dependent ESRD and members of the general population (GP) without a history of dementia, respectively. Cases of incident all-cause dementia, including Alzheimer disease (AD), vascular dementia (VD), and other kinds of dementia, were obtained from baseline until December 31, 2017. Results: We followed 8,841 KT recipients, dialysis-dependent ESRD patients, and GP individuals for 48,371, 28,649, and 49,149 patient-years, respectively. Their mean age was 52.5 years, and 60.6% were male. Over the observation period, 55/43/19 KT recipients, 230/188/75 dialysis-dependent ESRD patients, and 38/32/14 GP individuals developed all-cause dementia/AD/VD. The risks of incident all-cause dementia, AD, and VD in KT recipients were similar to those in GP (hazard ratio: 0.74 [p = 0.20], 0.74 [p = 0.24], and 0.59 [p = 0.18], respectively) and significantly lower than those in dialysis-dependent ESRD patients (hazard ratio: 0.17 [p < 0.001], 0.16 [p < 0.001], and 0.16 [p < 0.001], respectively). Older age and diabetes mellitus at the time of KT were risk factors for incident all-cause dementia and AD in KT recipients. Conclusion: This is the first study to show a beneficial impact of KT on incident dementia compared to dialysis dependency.

Right Paraesophageal Lymph Node Dissection Should Be Considered for Patients Who Have Presence of More than Three Metastatic Nodes in Right Paratracheal Lymph Node

Yon Seon KIM 대한외과학회 2019 대한외과학회 학술대회 초록집 Vol.2019 No.10

Impact of preserving the parathyroid glands on hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy with neckdissection

Yon Seon Kim 대한외과학회 2012 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.83 No.2

Purpose: The aims of this study were to determine the incidence and evaluate the risk factors for hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy and to investigate how many parathyroid glands should be preserved to prevent postoperative hypocalcemia. Methods: From March 2007 to February 2011, a retrospective review of 866 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy and node dissection for thyroid cancer was performed. The incidence and predisposing factors for hypocalcemia were analyzed. Among them, a total of 191 cases had four of their parathyroid glands identified intraoperatively. These patients were then divided into one preserved parathyroid gland group (group I, n = 22) and two or more preserved parathyroid glands group (group II, n = 169). The incidence of hypocalcemia with regards to the number of preserved parathyroid glands was determined and the results between the two groups were compared. The total calcium, ionized calcium and parathyroid hormone levels were compared between the two groups. Results: The overall incidence of transient and permanent hypocalcemia was 9.2% and 0.5%, respectively. The decreased number of preserved parathyroid gland and increased number of removed central lymph node were the significant risk factors for developing postoperative hypocalcemia. In 191 cases identified with four parathyroid glands, the incidence of hypocalcemia was related to the number of preserved glands (group I, 22.7%; group II, 3.0%; P < 0.001). Conclusion: The insufficient number of preserved parathyroid glands is the only cause of hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy and node dissection. At least one preserved parathyroid gland may prevent postoperative permanent hypocalcemia.

Parathyroid carcinoma with lung metastasis in a thirteen-year-old girl

Yon Seon Kim 대한외과학회 2012 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.82 No.6

Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare disease in pediatric patients. We present a case of a 13-year-old girl who presented to the Thyroid Department for an asymptomatic palpable neck mass for 1 year. The high levels of calcium, ionized calcium, and parathyroid hormone level along with parathyroid scintigraphy studies suggested primary hyperparathyroidism. Parathyroid carcinoma was confirmed by biopsy and pathologic examination after resection. Six months postoperatively, persistent hypercalcemia and multiple lung metastases were found on computed tomography. Bilateral lung wedge resection was performed. En bloc resection for primary parathyroid carcinoma and aggressive resection of metastatic disease is the most effective treatment to control hypercalcemia.

Case Report : Primary omental yolk sac tumor

( Seon Hwa Lim ),( Yon Hee Kim ),( Ga Won Yim ),( Eun Ji Nam ),( Young Tae Kim ),( Sung Hoon Kim ) 대한산부인과학회 2013 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.56 No.6

Extra-ovarian yolk sac tumor arising in the omentum is extremely rare. As yolk sac tumor originated from the omentum has been rarely reported, its clinical information is very limited. The authors encountered a case of yolk sac tumor originated from the omentum, and reported the case herein. A 32-year-old woman was presented with developed low abdominal distension for a month. Magnetic resonance imaging findings were suggestive of ovarian malignancy with ascites and peritoneal seeding nodules. Explorative laparotomy was performed and then the findings from frozen biopsy of omentum were suggestive of poorly differentiated tumor though whether it was primary or metastatic was uncertain. Thus, staging laparotomy were performed. Histopathology confirmed that the tumor was a yolk sac tumor of omentum origin. Then, 6 cycles of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy at intervals of 3 weeks were performed using bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin regimen. Four-year outpatient follow-up thereafter showed no relapse.

Radical Scavenging Activities of Asterina pectinifera Fermented with Cordyceps militaris Mycelia

Yon-Suk Kim,Eun-Kyung Kim,Sithranga Boopathy Natarajan,Jin-Woo Hwang,Seon Geun Kim,Nam-Joo Jeon,Jae-Woong Lee,Jae-Hyun Jeong,김학주,박표잠 한국식품과학회 2016 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.25 No.suppl1

Asterina pectinifera was fermented with Cordyceps militaris mycelia for improvement of anti-oxidant activities. DPPH, alkyl, hydroxyl, and superoxide radical scavenging activities were evaluated using electron spin resonance. Anti-oxidant activities were also determined based on the ferric reducing anti-oxidant power assays and the ABTS radical scavenging activity. The lipid peroxidation inhibition activity was confirmed using ferric thiocyanate and thiobarbituric acid assays. The free radical scavenging activity and anti-oxidative effects of A. pectinifera fermented with C. militaris mycelia (FACM) extracts were higher than for A. pectinifera and C. militaris mycelia extracts alone. FACM extracts contained different biochemical ingredients due to fermentation of A. pectinifera and provide a beneficial anti-oxidant activity. FACM extracts are a promising source of beneficial antioxidants for use in food industries.

Renal adverse effects of sunitinib and its clinical significance: a single-center experience in Korea

( Seon Ha Baek ),( Hyun Suk Kim ),( Jeong Hwan Lee ),( Dong Ki Kim ),( Kook Hwan Oh ),( Yon Su Kim ),( Jin Suk Han ),( Tae Min Kim ),( Se Hoon Lee ),( Kwon Wook Joo ) 대한내과학회 2014 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.29 No.1

Background/Aims: Sunitinib is an oral multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor used mainly for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. The renal ad-verse effects (RAEs) of sunitinib have not been investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and risk factors of RAEs (proteinuria [PU] and renal insuffi ciency [RI]) and to investigate the relationship between PU and anti-tumor effi cacy. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of medical records of patients who had received sunitinib for more than 3 months. Results: One hundred and fifty-five patients (mean age, 58.7 ± 12.6 years) were en-rolled, and the mean baseline creatinine level was 1.24 mg/dL. PU developed in 15 of 111 patients, and preexisting PU was aggravated in six of 111 patients. Only one patient developed typical nephrotic syndrome. Following discontinuation of sunitinib, PU was improved in 12 of 17 patients but persisted in five of 17 patients. RI occurred in 12 of 155 patients, and the maximum creatinine level was 3.31 mg/ dL. RI improved in two of 12 patients but persisted in 10 of 12 patients. Risk fac-tors for PU were hypertension, dyslipidemia, and chronic kidney disease. Older age was a risk factor for RI. The median progression-free survival was signifi-cantly better for patients who showed PU. Conclusions: The incidence of RAEs associated with sunitinib was lower than those of previous reports. The severity of RAEs was mild to moderate, and par-tially reversible after cessation of sunitinib. We suggest that blood pressure, uri-nalysis, and renal function in patients receiving sunitinib should be monitored closely.