만성 남자 정신분열병 환자의 병식 정도와 기질 및 성격 유형과의 관계

강여화,김봉조,손진욱 大韓神經精神醫學會 2001 신경정신의학 Vol.40 No.5

연구목적 : 남자 만성 정신분열병 입원 환자에서의 병식 정도와 기질 및 성격유형간의 관련성을 규명하고자 한다. 부가적으로 병식 정도에 따른 사회 인구학적 변인 및 질병 연관 변인의 차이를 알아보고자 한다. 연구방법 병식 평가를 위해 McEvoy등이 고안한 '병식과 치료태도에 대한 설문(ITAQ : Insight and Treat-ment Attitudes Questionnaire)'과 Amador 등이 고안한 병식 평가 검사(SUMD : Scale to As-sess Unawareness of Mental Disorder)를 이용한 구조화된 면담을 시행하였다. 다음, Cloninger의 기질-성격 철도(TCI : Temperament and Character inventory) 한국판을 이용하여 기질 및 성격특성을 측정하였다. 또한 병록지 검토와 면담을 통해 인구학적 변인 및 질병 연관 변인에 관한 자료를 얻었다. DSM-Ⅳ 진단기준에 의한 최종 분석의 대상이 된 환자는 113명이었다. 병식의 정도에 따라 병식이 높은 군(중간값 11점 이상)과 낮은 군(11점 이하)으로 양분하였다. 연구결과 1) ITAQ 병식 점수에 따른 양군의 비교에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보인 척도는 '새로운 것을 추구하는 성향'이었다. 2) ITAQ 병식 점수와 위험 회피적 성향 사이에서 유의한 상관관계가 있었고, '새로운 것을 추구하는 성향'과는 유의한 음성적 상관관계를 보였다. 하지만, 후천적으로 결정되는 성격 척도 사이에서는 통계적 유의성이 없었다. 3) 질병 연관 변인들 중 첫 발병 나이, 입원 형태, 유병기간, 현재 입원기간, 약물투여량은 양군간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 결 론 본 연구 결과는 새로움 추구 성향이 높고 위험 회피 성향이 낮을수록 낮은 병식을 가질 수 있다는 병식 정도에 대한 기질특성의 영향을 시사한다. 그러므로 병식의 평가 단계에서 기질 유형을 파악하는 것이 임상적으로 의미가 있을 것이다. 앞으로 정신분열병 환자의 기질 및 성격 유형에 관한 지속적인 연구가 필요할 것이다. Objectives : This study was conducted to investigate the relationship of insight level with temperament and character pattern in chronic male schizophrenics. In addition, we tried to examine demographic variables and illness-related variables which may affect the level of insight. Methods : To assess insight level by psychiatrists, Insight and Treatment Attitudes Question-naire(ITAQ), Scale to Assess Unawareness of Mental Disorder(SUMD) were applied. Tem-perament and character patterns were evaluated by the Korean version of Cloninger's self-rated Temperament and Character Inventory(TCI). The authors investigated the correlations between insight level, and scores of temperament and character dimensions. Data on the demographic and illness-related variabres for the subjects were gathered from hospital records and clinical interviews. A total of 113 patients with schizophrenia according to DSM-Ⅳ criteria was analyzed. The insight level was dichotomized into good(≥median value of 11) and poor insight group(<11). Results : 1) There was a significant difference between good insightgroup and poor insight group in novelty seeking dimension in TCI. 2) There was a significant negative correlation between novelty seeking scores by TCI and insight scores by ITAQ(rs : Spearman correlation coefficient=-0.20, p<0.05). 3) Significant differences between good and poor insight groups were identified in diverse clinical variables such as age at onset of illness, mode of hospitalization, duration of illness, current length of stay, and dosage of drug. Conclusion : The results suggest that high scores in the temperament dimension of novelty seeking and low scores in the temperament dimension of harm avoidance may influence poor insight in patients with chronic male schizophrenia. Therefore it is clinically valuable for us to assess the pattern of temperament at the stage of insight evaluation. The authors suggest that further studies on temperament and character in schizophrenia is needed.

혐오시설의 입지갈등해소에 관한 연구 : 제주도 한남리 쓰레기 매립장 사례를 중심으로 Focused on the Case of Han Nam-Ri, Cheju-Do

강여진 명지대학교 대학원 1998 대학원논문집 Vol.2 No.-

The purpose of this study is to find out the perception among Korean bureaucrats regarding the causes of conflicts which occur in the course of selecting waste site. This study first reviews the leterature and theories on the noncompliance and NIMBY, and then examines how the bureaucrats view the phenomina of the local residents opposition to the hazdous waste site. This is a case study focusing on the Han Nam-Ri, CheJu-Do waste site. It is also an empirical study doing a survery research for the data collection concerning bureaucrats' perception. The results of the study can be summarized as follows. First, previous studies on local opposition to LULUs are reviewed, and theories on NIMBY are expounded, Second as a result of the survey research it was identified that some inportant factors have interacted to affect local residents' opposition. They are residents participation, trust on the project sponsor, and fear of potential danger. Third, on the basis of the above findings, the following 9 strategies are suggested as a way of coping with local opposition. 1) Local residents should be allowed to participate, in the facility site selection and siting process. 2) Information should be disclosed to them. 3) More active promotion and education efforts should be rendered toward local residents. 4) The policy sponsors should enhance local residents' trusts an themselves. 5) Appropriate compensation should be provided to local residents. 6) Siting approaches should be improved. 7) Public discussions with environmental activists groups should be encouraged. 8) The government's siting decision making bodies should be streamlined into one. 9) Delegation of facility siting decision authority to the local government is increased.

참돌꽃 근경의 항산화작용

류광열,강원식,김영호,장해동,홍진태,유환수,윤여표 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 1998 藥學論文集 Vol.14 No.-

The purpose of this study was to determine the antioxidative effects of Rhodiola sachalinensis Rhodiola methanol extract was fractionated sequentially with dichloromethane and butanol. Each Rhodiola fraction (water, MeOH, BuOH and CH_2Cl_2 fractions) showed the potent superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and had inhibitory effets on peroxide value of linoleic acid (40~57%) and lipid peroxidation (47~70%) in FE^2+/ascorbate system-induced rat liver microsome. Rhodiola methanol extract also recovered carbon tetrachloride-induced decrease in SOD by 42% and catalase activities by 50%, and had inhibitory effects (54%) on carbon tetrachloride-induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsome. These results suggest that Rhodiola sachalinensis has the antioxidative effects.

아동기 가정 내 스트레스가 공동의존성에 미치는 영향 및 공동의존성과 정신병리와의 관련성

곽운환,손지욱,한규희,박철수,김장락,김붕년,김봉조,강여화,하형래 대한생물치료정신의학회 2003 생물치료정신의학 Vol.9 No.1

연구목적: 본 연구는 공동의존성에 영향을 미치는 아동기 가정내 스트레스 요인과 공동의존성과 다른 병리와의 연관성을 규명하고자 하였다. 더불어 특정한 질환에서의 공동의존성의 평가가 가지는 의의를 탐색해 보고자 하였다. 방 법: 연구 대상은 정상 일반인 남성집단 88명과 알코올리즘 남성 집단 76명으로 구성되어 있다. 평가도구는 본 저자가 직접 작성한 '아동기 가정내 스트레스 요인 측정용 설문'과 공동의존 척도(RPS), 간이증상 진단검사(SCL-90-R)를 사용하였다. 통계적 분석은 Mann-Whitmey test, Kruskall- Wallis test, Multiple linear regression analysis, Spearman correlation analysis를 이용하였다. 결 과: 1) 정상 일반인 군과 알코올리즘 군의 공동의존성 평균값은 각각 49.12점(표준편차=15.41)과 88.31점(표준편차=17.48)이었다. 2) 정상 일반인 군에서는 '아동기 부모 사별'(p<0.01) '부모의 알코올리즘'(p<0.01) '부모의 상습적 구타'(p<0.01)의 3가지 요인에서, 알코올리즘 군에서는 '어린시절 부모 사별'(p<0.01) '부모의 알코올리즘'(p<0.01) '부모의 상습적 구타'(p<0.01) '부도의 도박'(p<0.01) '사회 병질자 부모의 존재'(p<0.05)의 5가지 요인에서 스트레스 유무에 따라 공동의존성에 유의한 차이를 보였다. 3) 두 집단 동시에 SCR-90-R의 8개 소척도 중 '대인관계 예민성'이 공동의존성과 가장 높은 연관성(rs>0.06, p<0.01)을 보였다. 이외에도 '우울증' '불안증'등이 두 집단 모두에서 통계적으로 유의한 연관성을 보였다. 결 론: 본 연구는 부모의 알코올리즘뿐만 아니라 여러 가정 내 스트레스 요인이 공동의존성의 발생에 영향을 미칠 수 있음과 공동의존성이 높은 집단이 다른 정신과 질환을 동반할 가능성이 높음을 증명한다고 할 수 있다. Objectives : The aim of this study was to examine the relationships of codependency with family stressors in childhood and psychopathology. Methods : Subjects were a group of 88 normal adult males and a group of 76 alcoholic males. The degree of codependency was assessed with the Korean version of Recovery Potential Survey(RPS). All subjects filled out questionnaires regarding demographic information and family stressors. The psychopathology was measured by self-administred questionnaires using Symptom Check List-90-Revision(SCL-90-R). Results : 1) There were no significant differences in codependency levels by sociodemographic characteristics in two groups, but obvious difference in mean of codependency scores(normal group : 49.12±15.41, alcoholism group : 88.31±17.48). 2) There were significant differences in codependency levels between the presence and absence of parental physical abuse, parental death, and parental alcoholism(p<0.01) in both groups. 3) Among family stressors, parental physical abuse had the largest contribution to codependency level in multiple linear regression. 4) There were significant correlations between the codependency levels and the scores of SCL-90-R's subscales of interpersonal sensitivity, depression, and anxiety in both groups. Conclusion : The codependency levels were related to some family stressors such as parental physical abuse, parental death, and parental alcoholism and the high-level codependency was correlated with higher level of psychopathology in both normal and alcoholism group. These results suggested that various family stressors, as well as parental alcoholism may be predictors of codependency, and codependency also may be a predictor of other psychiatric disorders.

성인 쇄골 중위부 골절의 수술적 치료

김동준,김철민,강충남,왕진만,노권재,윤여헌 대한골절학회 1994 대한골절학회지 Vol.7 No.1

The clavicle plays very important role in the motion of the shoulder girdle and maintenance of power and stability of the arm. The most clavicular shaft fractures can be treated by conservative methods with a high rate of union and low rate of complications. The operative treatment in clavicular fracture is limited in such as wide separation of the fragments with soft tissue interposition, nonunion, or neurovascular involvements. From 1989 to 1991, eighty six consecutive patients with clavicular shaft fractures were treated at Ewha Womans University Hospital. Fifty eight patients were treated conservatively(Group I ) and twenty eight patients operatively(Group II) Authors compared both groups and obtained the following results; 1. The most common cause of injuries was the traffic accident and the most common associated skeletal injury around the shoulder was the rib fracture. 2. The degree of comminution and displacement of the clavicular shaft fracture were more severe in Group lI. 3. The average time to union was 8.7 weeks in Group I and 10.3 weeks in Group II. 4. The average rate of union at 4 months was 93.1% in Group I and 96.4% in Group II. 5. The functional result was good or excellent in over 90% in both Groups according to the Kang's criteria. 6. The rate of complication was 8.6% in Group I (one nonunion, three delayed unions and one malunion) and 3.6% in Group lI(only one case of nonunion) 7. The immobilization period was between 6 to 8 weeks in Group I and within 4 weeks in Group II in most cases.

Stereotypes in Co-Teaching of Native English Speaking Teachers

Yeo-jin Kang(Yeo-jin Kang) 한국캐나다학회 2016 Asia-Pacific Journal of Canadian Studies (APJCS) Vol.22 No.2

This study investigated the perceptions and stereotypes of English education in Korean Elementary schools that native English speaking teachers (NESTs) have towards the Korean English teachers (KETs), Korean students, and Korean education system. Two Canadian English teachers have participated in this study in which they were interviewed twice, respectively. During interviews the participants revealed their perceptions toward English language teaching in Korea and their difficulties they have in co-teaching. The overall results of this study show that participants tend to think the teaching style of KETs is teacher-centered, characterized by ‘memorizat- ion’ and ‘repetition’, while their own class is centered on ‘critical thinking skills and creative method’. These stereotypes resemble the discourses used in ‘Orientalism’ and ‘Native speakerism’ which reveal that such stereotyping is neither original nor creative. Moreover, the participants categorize KETs’ teaching styles and their culture based on the essentialistic view centered around unproblematic Self and problematic Other. This could be to resist the KET’s power and maintain hegemony in co-teaching which prevents them from forming a close relationship with their partner teachers necessary for successful co-teaching.

Cohen-Gibson syndrome in a family: The first familial case report

Kang, Yeo Jin,Kim, Young Ok Korean Society of Medical Genetics and Genomics 2021 대한의학유전학회지 Vol.18 No.1

Cohen-Gibson syndrome (CGS) was first reported by Cohen et al., who identified the mutation of the gene encoding the embryonic ectoderm development (EED) in a patient with phenotypes similar to Weaver syndrome. CGS manifests as an overgrowth and intellectual disability, in addition to the characteristic facial features and organ anomalies. CGS has been reported in only 11 unrelated patients since 2015. A girl aged 6 years and 3 months presented with seizures. She had macrosomia, a dysmorphic face, and intellectual disability. Her mother and younger sister and brother also had macrosomia, intellectual disability, and similar facial features; additionally, her mother experienced seizures and had an arachnoid cyst, while her siblings had valvar pulmonary stenosis. Whole-exome sequencing for the proband revealed a mutation of EED (c.581A>G, p.Asn194Ser), which was also verified in the mother and both siblings using Sanger sequencing. This is the first report of familial CGS.

Identification of Differentially Up-regulated Genes in Apple with White Rot Disease

Yeo-Jin Kang,Young Koung Lee,In-Jung Kim 한국식물병리학회 2019 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.35 No.5

Fuji, a major apple cultivar in Korea, is susceptible to white rot. Apple white rot disease appears on the stem and fruit; the development of which deteriorates fruit quality, resulting in decreases in farmers income. Thus, it is necessary to characterize molecular markers related to apple white rot resistance. In this study, we screened for differentially expressed genes between uninfected apple fruits and those infected with Botryosphaeria dothidea, the fungal pathogen that causes white rot. Antimicrobial tests suggest that a gene expression involved in the synthesis of the substance inhibiting the growth of B. dothidea in apples was induced by pathogen infection. We identified seven transcripts induced by the infection. The seven transcripts were homologous to genes encoding a flavonoid glucosyltransferase, a metallothionein-like protein, a senescence-induced protein, a chitinase, a wound-induced protein, and proteins of unknown function. These genes have functions related to responses to environmental stresses, including pathogen infections. Our results can be useful for the development of molecular markers for early detection of the disease or for use in breeding white rotresistant cultivars.

ELSEVIER : Preconditioning stimulus of proteasome inhibitor enhances aggresome formation and autophagy in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells

( Yeo Jin Bang ),( Bok Yun Kang ),( Hyun Jin Choi ) 전남대학교 약품개발연구소 2014 약품개발연구지 Vol.23 No.-

The abnormal accumulation of protein aggregates is a dominant pathological feature common in neurodegenerative diseases. Autophagy contributes to the processing of aggregated proteins resistant to proteasomal degradation. Autophagic degradation is multi-step process. and especially aggresome formation is a specific and active cellular process for appropriate autophagy-mediated protein homeostasis mechanism. Here. we showed that preconditioning of cells with a non-toxic low dose ofMG132 induced autophagy, using an in vitro experimental model that closely represents the characteristics of the autophagy pathway under proteasome inhibition. Clear and large aggresome-like protein accumulation was observed in the perinuclear region of differentiated SH-SY5Y cells with preconditioning stimulus. This results in up-regulation of autophagosome formation and turnover and degradation of intracellular ubiquitinated and p62-bound protein aggregates. Pretreatment with low dose of MG132 attenuated proteinopathy-related cytotoxicity. Together. our experimental model could provide a proper in vitro system for studying the autophagy-related pathophysiology of neurodegeneration. especially therapeutic targeting of intracellular aggresome-like aggregates formation. ⓒ 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Ginsenoside fractions regulate the action of monocytes and their differentiation into dendritic cells

Yeo Jin Lee,Young Min Son,Min Jeong Gu,Ki-Duk Song,Sung-Moo Park,Hyo Jin Song,Jae Sung Kang,Jong Soo Woo,Jee Hyung Jung,Deok-Chun Yang,Seung Hyun Han,Cheol-Heui Yun 고려인삼학회 2015 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.39 No.3

Background: Panax ginseng (i.e., ginseng) root is extensively used in traditional oriental medicine. It is a modern pharmaceutical reagent for preventing various human diseases such as cancer. Ginsenosidesdthe major active components of ginsengdexhibit immunomodulatory effects. However, the mechanism and function underlying such effects are not fully elucidated, especially in human monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs). Methods: We investigated the immunomodulatory effect of ginsenosides from Panax ginseng root on CD14⁺ monocytes purified from human adult peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and on their differentiation into DCs that affect CD4⁺ T cell activity. Results: After treatment with ginsenoside fractions, monocyte levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10 increased through phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), but not p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). After treatment with ginsenoside fractions, TNF-α production and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and JNK decreased in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-sensitized monocytes.We confirmed that DCs derived from CD14⁺ monocytes in the presence of ginsenoside fractions (Gin-DCs) contained decreased levels of the costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86. The expression of these costimulatory molecules decreased in LPS-treated DCs exposed to ginsenoside fractions, compared to their expression in LPS-treated DCs in the absence of ginsenoside fractions. Furthermore, LPS-treated Gin-DCs could not induce proliferation and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) production by CD4⁺ T cells with the coculture of Gin-DCs with CD4⁺ T cells. Conclusion: These results suggest that ginsenoside fractions from the ginseng root suppress cytokine production and maturation of LPS-treated DCs and downregulate CD4⁺ T cells.