Nematicidal Activity of Paecilomyces spp. and Isolation of a Novel Active Compound

Ya-Jun Liu,Chong-Yan Zhai,Yi Liu,Ke-Qin Zhang 한국미생물학회 2009 The journal of microbiology Vol.47 No.3

Many species of Paecilomyces are entomogenous fungi and several are efficacious toward nematodes. To study the potential of Paecilomyces species in controlling nematodes, fungal extracts of 40 Paecilomyces spp. were evaluated for their nematicidal activity against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and Panagrellus redivivus. The extracts of six Paecilomyces spp. exhibited the nematicidal activity against P. redivivus, and 11 species exhibited the nematicidal activity against B. xylophilus. The methanol extract of strain 1.01761 incubating on Czapek solid medium killed more than 95% P. redivivus in 24 h at 5 mg/ml, and the filtrate of strain 1.01788 cultured in Sabouraud's broth medium resulted in 90% mortality of B. xylophilus in 24 h at 5 mg/ml. A novel nematicidal compound, 4-(4’-carboxy-2’-ethyl-hydroxypentyl)-5,6-dihydro-6-methylcyclobuta[ b]pyridine-3,6-dicarboxylic acid, was isolated from Paecilomyces sp. YMF1.01761. The LD50 value of the compound within 24 h against P. redivivus was 50.86 mg/L, against Meloidogyne incognita was 47.1 mg/L, and against B. xylophilus was 167.7 mg/L.

Metabolic engineering of erythritol production from glycerol by Yarrowia lipolytica

Ya-Ting Wang,Ling-Xuan Zhao,Liu-Jing Wei,Jun Chen,Zhijie Liu,Feng Liu,Qiang Hua 한국생물공학회 2024 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.29 No.1

Erythritol as a four-carbon polyol has been widely used in food, pharmaceutical and daily chemical industries with characteristics of low caloric value and high chemical stability. Here, a system metabolic engineering strategy was used to increase the yield of erythritol from glycerol in Yarrowia lipolytica by enhancing the substrate transformation and restricting the by-product synthesis. Specifi cally, we determined that over-expression of a newly identifi ed erythrose reductase YPR1 was able to improve the erythritol production as same as the well-known erythrose reductase ER27. Instead of its up-regulation, knockout of erythrose reductase ER10 was eff ective to improve erythritol synthesis. Moreover, both over-expression of YPR1 and deletion of ER10 signifi cantly accelerated the glycerol utilization in response to high osmotic stress. To further decrease the by-product accumulation, a restriction and recycling strategy was implemented by knockout of mannitol dehydrogenase MDH2 and enhancement of arabitol dehydrogenase ADH1 and fructokinase HXK1. The engineered strain YL13 produced a titer of 25 g/L erythritol and less than 0.5 g/L mannitol and arabitol. By over-expression of transketolase TKL1, the fi nal strain YL14 produced 28.5 g/L erythritol and none of mannitol and arabitol. This study provides a new idea for reducing the production of by-products and improving the glycerol conversion to erythritol.

Senescence as A Consequence of Ginsenoside Rg₁ Response on K562 Human Leukemia Cell Line

Liu, Jun,Cai, Shi-Zhong,Zhou, Yue,Zhang, Xian-Ping,Liu, Dian-Feng,Jiang, Rong,Wang, Ya-Ping Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.12

Aims and Background: Traditional chemotherapy strategies for human leukemia commonly use drugs based on cytotoxicity to eradicate cancer cells. One predicament is that substantial damage to normal tissues is likely to occur in the course of standard treatments. Obviously, it is urgent to explore therapies that can effectively eliminate malignant cells without affecting normal cells. Our previous studies indicated that ginsenoside $Rg_1$ ($Rg_1$), a major active pharmacological ingredient of ginseng, could delay normal hematopoietic stem cell senescence. However, whether $Rg_1$ can induce cancer cell senescence is still unclear. Methods: In the current study, human leukemia K562 cells were subjected to $Rg_1$ exposure. The optimal drug concentration and duration with K562 cells was obtained by MTT colorimetric test. Effects of $Rg_1$ on cell cycle were analyzed using flow cytometry and by SA-${\beta}$-Gal staining. Colony-forming ability was measured by colony-assay. Telomere lengths were assessed by Southern blotting and expression of senescence-associated proteins P21, P16 and RB by Western blotting. Ultrastructural morphology changes were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Results: K562 cells demonstrated a maximum proliferation inhibition rate with an $Rg_1$ concentration of $20{\mu}\;mol{\cdot}L^{-1}$ for 48h, the cells exhibiting dramatic morphological alterations including an enlarged and flat cellular morphology, larger mitochondria and increased number of lysosomes. Senescence associated-${\beta}$-galactosidase (SA-${\beta}$-Gal) activity was increased. K562 cells also had decreased ability for colony formation, and shortened telomere length as well as reduction of proliferating potential and arrestin $G_2$/M phase after $Rg_1$ interaction. The senescence associated proteins P21, P16 and RB were significantly up-regulated. Conclusion: Ginsenoside $Rg_1$ can induce a state of senescence in human leukemia K562 cells, which is associated with p21-Rb and p16-Rb pathways.

The comparison and optimization of zirconia, alumina, and zirconia-alumina supported PtSnIn trimetallic catalysts for propane dehydrogenation reaction

Liu-Liu Long,Ke Xia,Wan-Zhong Lang,Li-Ling Shen,Qiang Yang,Xi Yan,Ya-Jun Guo 한국공업화학회 2017 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.51 No.-

The zirconia, alumina, and zirconia-alumina (xZr-Al) supported PtSnIn catalysts were prepared andcomparatively studied for propane dehydrogenation reaction. The structure–function relationships ofthe resultant catalysts are well elucidated upon several state-of-art physico-chemical characterizations. The results show that xZr-Al used as support for trimetallic PtSnIn catalysts exhibits the significantcatalytic performances. The PtSnIn/08Zr-Al catalyst has the highest Pt dispersion accompanied with thesmallest average Pt particles, and it presents the initial propane conversion and propylene selectivityabove 55.0% and 98.0% respectively. The initial propane conversions afterfive reaction–regenerationcycles are all above 55.0% and only decrease little ( 3%).

De novo assembly of the transcriptome for Greenbug (Schizaphis graminum Rondani) and analysis on insecticide resistance-related genes

Jun-Jie LIU,Liu-Yang LU,Hui-Hui LIU,Ya-She LI,Xu SU,Bai-Zhong ZHANG,Xi-Ling CHEN 한국곤충학회 2019 Entomological Research Vol.49 No.8

The greenbug, Schizaphis graminum Rondani is a major pest species of wheat crops. In this study, a transcriptome sequencing, and the expression of the 12 genes related to insecticide resistance were conducted in S. graminum. The sequencing and subsequent bioinformatics analysis outputed 46,593 unigenes, among which 28,289 unigenes were annotated to corresponding functions by blasting with high homologous genes in database, giving annotation rate of 60.72%. To gain insight into the mechanism of insecticide resistance, the expression of the 12 genes related to insecticide resistance for S. graminum was investigated. The expression level of aminopeptidase N (AN), cytochrome P450 (CYP), acetylcholinesterase 1 (AC), catalase (CAT), cytochrome c oxidas (CCC), GABA receptor (GABA), glutathione S-transferase (GST) were highest in the apterous nymphs among different developmental stages; The expression level of AN, CBL, CYP, CA, SD, and GST were relatively more abundant in the abdomen compared to head and throax. The results could give out the key information about the relationship between the expression of these genes in different developmental stages, tissues, treatments and metabolism of insecticides. These genes that were co-up-regulated significantly in third instar nymphs of S. graminum induced by imidacloprid, were consistent with their putative involvement in insecticide resistance. This provides most comprehensive transcriptome data for S. graminum to further study and managenment.

絲綢之路經濟帶建設背景下上合組織貿易救濟制度構建問題

류아군 ( Ya Jun Liu ) 제주대학교 법과정책연구소 2015 국제법무 Vol.7 No.1

1990년대 이후부터, 지역경제협력은 국제간 경제협력의 주요 형태가 되었다. 2013년 9월, 중화인민공화국의 시진핑 주석은 고대 실크로드를 따라 모든 유로 아시아 국가들에게 혜택을 줄 실크로드 경제 구역의 전략을 제안했다. 이지역의 주요 정부간 기구 중의 하나인 상하이협력기구(SCO)는 실크로드 경제 구역의 설립에 매우 중요한 역할을 한다. 회원국 간의 국제적 협력을 촉진하기 위해, 상하이협력기구는 여러 실무진들을 구성하고 무역과 투자 절차의 간소화, 다자간 국제협력, 세관 협력, 교통 및 기타 지역의 원활화의 촉진에 대한 조약과 협정을 체결했다 상하이협력기구의 구성원들은 상하이협력기구가 무역구제조치 시행을 제한하는 것이 필요하게 만드는 무역의 촉진을 목적으로 무역장벽을 제거하는데 동의한다. 무역구제는 세계무역기구 (WTO) 협정체제 하에서 무역의 다자간 규칙에 의해 허용되는 반덤핑, 상계관세조치 및 긴급수입제한을 의미한다. 세계무역기구 (WTO) 법률 시스템에 무역 구제가 포함된 목적은 공정한 경쟁을 보장하고 회원국들이 무역 자유화를 이용하고 다자간 세계 무역 시스템을 손상시키는 원인이 되는 세계무역기구 (WTO) 협정 하에서 그들의 권리를 남용하는 것을 방지하기 위한 것이다. 그러나 세계무역기구 (WTO) 의 설립 이후, 보호주의가 가장 일반적인 목적인 가운데 점점 더 많은 회원들은 다른 목적을 위해 구제 거래에 의지했다. 무역 구제의 남용을 줄이기 위해, 세계무역기구 (WTO)의 회원들은 도하 아젠다의 반덤핑 (GATT 제6조) 및 보조금 협정에 대한 협상에 합의했다. 목표는 계약의 기본 개념, 원리를 유지하고, 개발도상국과 선진국 참가자들의 요구를 고려하면서 기본 원칙들을 개선하는 것이다. 교섭하는 동안 회원 크게 서로 충돌하며 협상에서 다루어진 어느 측면에서도 합의에 도달 할 가능성이 없다. WTO 무역구제 원칙에 대한 협상의 실패 때문에, 많은 국가는 지역 무역협정에 의해 이 문제를 해결하려고 한다. 상하이 협력기구에서는 중국, 러시아, 카자흐스탄과 같은 회원국들은 비슷한 입장을 취하고 있다. 그 국가들은 상하이 협력 기구가 지역 무역구제 시스템의 설립에 합의하는 것을 가능하게 만드는 무역구제의 대상이기 때문이다. 지역 무역구제 시스템은 회원국의 국내 무역구제 법률을 유지시키는 전제조건에 대한 무역구제 원칙을 제한해야 시스템이다. ‘상하이 정신’은 “협상, 협력 및 상호 이익”을 기반으로 하기 때문에 상하이 협력기구 (SCO)는 무역구제 규정의 투명성, 평등과 정의를 수호하고 불리한 영향을 최소한으로 줄일 수 있는 것에서 출발한 조화로운 시스템이어야 한다. SCO의 궁극적인 목표는 구성원이 서로에 대한 반덤핑 및 상계 조치를 포기하고, 긴급 수입 제한 조치를 매우 신중한 방법으로 적용하는 높은 수준의 무역 자유화를 실현 하는 것이다. Since 1990s, regional economic cooperation has become a major mode of economic cooperation between countries. In September 2013, President Xi Jinping of the People``s Republic of China put forward the strategy of Silk Road Economic Zone which will benefit all the Euro-Asian countries along the Old Silk Road. As one of the major inter-governmental organization in the region, Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) plays a very important role in the construction of the Silk Road Economic Zone. In order to promote the international cooperation between the member states, SCO has established several working groups and concluded a number of treaties and agreements in the facilitation of trade and investment, multilateral economic cooperation, cooperation of the Customs, facilitation of transportation and other areas. The members of SCO agrees to eliminate barriers to trade for the purpose of the facilitation of trade which makes it necessary for SCO to restrict the application of trade remedies against each other. Trade remedy refers to antidumping, countervailing and safeguard measures which are accepted by multilateral rules of trade under the WTO treaty system. The purpose of the inclusion of trade remedies in the WTO legal system is to ensure fair competition and prevent members from taking advantage of the liberalization of trade and abusing their rights under WTO treaties which will cause damage to the multilateral world trade system. But since the establishment of WTO, more and more members have resorted to trade remedies for different purposes, among which protectionism is the most common purpose. In order to reduce the abuse of trade remedies, the members of WTO agreed to negotiations on the Anti-Dumping (GATT Article 6) and Subsidies agreements in Doha Agenda. The aim is to clarify and improve disciplines while preserving the basic, concepts, principles of these agreements, and taking into account the needs of developing and least-developed participants. During the negotiation, members conflict with each other greatly and it is not likely to reach agreement in any aspect covered in the negotiation. Due to the failure in the negotiation of WTO trade remedy rules, many countries try to solve this problem by regional trade arrangement. In SCO, members such as China, Russia and Kazakhstan are in the similar position because they are often the target of trade remedies which makes it possible for SCO to reach an agreement in the establishment of a regional trade remedy system which shall restrict the practice of trade remedies on the premise of remaining the domestic trade remedy laws of member states. The Shanghai Spirit is based on "negotiation, cooperation and mutual benefit", so the trade system of SCO shall be a harmonized system which starts from the assurance of the transparency, equality and justice of the trade remedy rules and the reduce the unfavorable effects of trade remedies to the least degree. The ultimate goal of the SCO is to realize a high-degree trade liberalization in which the members will give up antidumping and countervailing measures against each other and apply safeguard measures in a very cautious way.

Electroacupuncture Improves Insulin Resistance by Reducing Neuroprotein Y/ Agouti-Related Protein Levels and Inhibiting Expression of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B in Diet-induced Obese Rats

Xia Liu,Jun-Feng He,Ya-Ting Qu,Zhi-Jun Liu,Qing-Yang Pu,Shengtong Guo,Jia Du,Peng-Fei Jiang 사단법인약침학회 2016 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.9 No.2

Electroacupuncture (EA) has been shown to exert beneficial effects on obesity, but the mechanism is unclear. This study investigated the effects of EA on diet-induced obese (DIO) rats. Fifty male SpragueeDawley rats were randomly divided into low-fat diet (LFD, 10 rats) and high-fat diet (HFD, 40 rats) groups. After the DIO models had been established, successful model rats were randomly divided into HFD, EA, and orlistat (OLST) groups. The EA group received EA at Zusanli (ST36) and Quchi (LI11) for 20 minutes once per day for 28 days. The OLST group was treated with orlistat by gavage. The body weight, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index, adipocyte diameters, and neuroprotein Y/agouti-related protein and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B levels were significantly lower in the EA group than in the HFD group. The rats of the OLST group showed watery stools and yellow hairs whereas those of the EA group had regular stools and sleek coats. The effect of EA on weight loss may be related to improved insulin resistance caused by changes in the adipocyte size and by reductions in the expressions of neuroprotein Y/agouti-related protein and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B. This study indicates that EA may be a better method of alternative therapy for treating obesity and other metabolic diseases.

중국 길림성 ``장지투 개발개방 선도구``와 관광업 발전

유아군 ( Ya Jun Liu ) 조선대학교 동북아연구소(구 통일문제연구소) 2009 동북아연구 Vol.24 No.2

장지투 개발협력지역 건설은 길림성의 경제발전을 촉진하고, 낙후된 동북공업기지를 진흥시키는다는데 중요한 의의가 있다. 장지투 지역은 풍부한 관광자원과 발전에 유리한 선행조건들을 구비하고 있다. 장지투 관광자원과 여행상품 질적 향상 및 장지투 관광 미래상을 합리적으로 수립해야 한다. 장지투 계획은 장지투 지역특색의 국내 관광상품과 나아가 주변 국가와 지역상품이 서로 광범위하게 영향을 미칠 수 있도록 장지투 개념에 중점을 두고 이를 발전시켜야 하며, 개발지역 시장의 흡인력 형성과 두만강지역의 공동개발계획도 촉진시켜 나가야 한다. It is of great value for the constraction of Changchun-Jilin-Tumen development cooperation district to advancing Jilin province`s economic development and revitalize the old industrial base of the Northeast. Changchun-Jilin-Tumen have a lot of tourism resources, which have the advantagement of prior to carry. Therefore, we should program the tourism resources of Changchun-Jilin-Tumen rationally, improve tourism product quality, and establish Changchun-Jilin-Tumen tourism Image. Which can influence among domestic and even surrounding countries/regions. Only by this way can we outburst the concept of Changchun-Jilin-Tumen region, format market`s attraction of Changchun-Jilin-Tumen region, and push forward the development cooperation of Tumen River region progress.

중국 길림성 ``장지투 개발개방 선도구``와 관광업 발전

유아군 ( Ya Jun Liu ) 朝鮮大學校 統一問題硏究所 2009 統一 問題 硏究 Vol.24 No.2

장지투 개발협력지역 건설은 길림성의 경제발전을 촉진하고, 낙후된 동북공업기지를 진흥시키는다는데 중요한 의의가 있다. 장지투 지역은 풍부한 관광자원과 발전에 유리한 선행조건들을 구비하고 있다. 장지투 관광자원과 여행상품 질적 향상 및 장지투 관광 미래상을 합리적으로 수립해야 한다. 장지투 계획은 장지투 지역특색의 국내 관광상품과 나아가 주변 국가와 지역상품이 서로 광범위하게 영향을 미칠 수 있도록 장지투 개념에 중점을 두고 이를 발전시켜야 하며, 개발지역 시장의 흡인력 형성과 두만강지역의 공동개발계획도 촉진시켜 나가야 한다. It is of great value for the constraction of Changchun-Jilin-Tumen development cooperation district to advancing Jilin province`s economic development and revitalize the old industrial base of the Northeast. Changchun-Jilin-Tumen have a lot of tourism resources, which have the advantagement of prior to carry. Therefore, we should program the tourism resources of Changchun-Jilin-Tumen rationally, improve tourism product quality, and establish Changchun-Jilin-Tumen tourism Image. Which can influence among domestic and even surrounding countries/regions. Only by this way can we outburst the concept of Changchun-Jilin-Tumen region, format market`s attraction of Changchun-Jilin-Tumen region, and push forward the development cooperation of Tumen River region progress.

長吉圖開發開放先導區産業發展戰略硏究

유아군 ( Ya Jun Liu ) 조선대학교 사회과학연구원 2011 서석사회과학논총 Vol.4 No.2

推進長吉圖開發開放先導區建設對于提高中國東北地區開發開放水平,促進圖們江區域國際合作開發具有重要意異。基于長吉圖先導區現有産業發展現狀,分析長吉圖地區現有産業發展弊端,從産業鍊聯、區域産業合理布局、提升區域産業競爭力方面提出解決方案。發揮長吉圖先導區在中國東北地區的中樞作用,帶動中國東北地乃至圖們江區域的發展。 The Construction of Changchun-Jilin-Tumen River Development and Opening-up Pilot Area would be very meaningful to heighten the opening-up level in Northeast China and promote the international cooperative development in Tumen River Region. This article elaborates the current development of Changchun-Jilin-Tumen River regional industry, analyze the industry problems of this region, advance the solutions from interregional industrial linkages, industrial space distribution, upgraderegional industrial competitiveness. Emphasize industrial linkage effect of Chang-Ji-Tu Pilot Area in Northeast China even Tumen River Region, finally stimulate the entire region development.