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Contribution of a Non-classical HLA Gene, HLA-DOA, to the Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Okada, Y.,Suzuki, A.,Ikari, K.,Terao, C.,Kochi, Y.,Ohmura, K.,Higasa, K.,Akiyama, M.,Ashikawa, K.,Kanai, M.,Hirata, J.,Suita, N.,Teo, Y.Y.,Xu, H.,Bae, S.C.,Takahashi, A.,Momozawa, Y.,Matsuda, K.,Momoh University of Chicago Press [etc.] 2016 American journal of human genetics Vol.99 No.2
<P>Despite the progress in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) causal variant mapping, independent localization of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) risk from classical HLA genes is challenging. Here, we conducted a large-scale MHC fine-mapping analysis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in a Japanese population (6,244 RA cases and 23,731 controls) population by using HLA imputation, followed by a multi-ethnic validation study including east Asian and European populations (n=7,097 and 23,149, respectively). Our study identified an independent risk of a synonymous mutation at HLA-DOA, a non-classical HLA gene, on anti-citrullinated protein autoantibody (ACPA)-positive RA risk (p=1.4 x 10(-) 9), which demonstrated a cis-expression quantitative trait loci (cis-eQTL) effect on HLA-DOA expression. Trans-ethnic comparison revealed different linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns in HLA-DOA and HLA-DRB1, explaining the observed HLA-DOA variant risk heterogeneity among ethnicities, which was most evident in the Japanese population. Although previous HLA fine-mapping studies have identified amino acid polymorphisms of the classical HLA genes as driving genetic susceptibility to disease, our study additionally identifies the dosage contribution of a non-classical HLA gene to disease etiology. Our study contributes to the understanding of HLA immunology in human diseases and suggests the value of incorporating additional ancestry in MHC fine-mapping.</P>
H. Fujiwara,Y. Nakatani,H. Aratani,Y. Kanai-Nakata,K. Yamagami,S. Hamamoto,T. Kiss,A. Sekiyama,A. Tanaka,T. Ebihara,Y. Saitoh 한국물리학회 2023 새물리 Vol.73 No.12
We have performed the soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) on the heavy fermion superconductor CeNi₂Ge₂ to examine the local 4f electronic structures. The XAS spectra are qualitatively explained by the ionic calculation, indicating the localized character of the 4f states, while the sizable cf-hybridization effects are also observed in the XAS spectra and those magnetic circular dichroism. In addition, the temperature dependence of linear dichroism (LD) in the XAS spectra indicates that the ground state symmetry is Γ<SUB>7</SUB>, and the excited states with Γ<SUB>6</SUB> symmetry is above 390 K.
An Assistant System for Riding a Unicycle
M. Iwase,Y. Kanai,M. Kinoshita,S. Hatakeyama,Y. Kashimura,I. Hanazaki,T. Yokoyama,H. Higaki,K. Fujisawa 한국과학기술원 인간친화 복지 로봇 시스템 연구센터 2007 International Journal of Assistive Robotics and Me Vol.8 No.1
The final purpose of this study is to design a control system to assist in the skill of riding a unicycle. To realize such a system, it is necessary to make a mathematical model and to analyze the dynamics of the unicycle. It is ideal that the dynamics of a unicycle is kept as original as possible even if any automatic support control is required to assist the operator. Thus, this paper presents modeling of the unicycle and a control system design by the controlled Lagrangian to realize this type of controller.
COMPUTER SIMULATION OF MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF SPRING MAGNETS
N. Kitajima,H. Inoue,Y. Kanai,H. Fukunaga 한국자기학회 1995 韓國磁氣學會誌 Vol.5 No.5
Magnetic properties of model exchange-spring magnets, which are composed of magnetically soft and hard grains, were calculated by means of computer simulation. The dependence of the magnetic properties on the strength of intergrain exchange interaction and the amount of soft grains was studied. The existence of soft grains enhanced the remanence remarkably, and the remanence over 0.8Ms was obtained in the model magnets containing 25% or more soft grains by volume. The calculated coercivity vs. the strength of the exchange interaction curves showed a peak at a critical strength of the exchange interaction, although the remanence increased monotonously with increase in the strength of the exchange interaction. Thus the maximum energy product also reached a peak around the same critical strength. The calculated maximum energy product exceeded 300kJ/㎥ when the magnet is assumed to be composed of Fe₃B and Nd₂Fe₁₄B.
Koga, A.,Kurata, K.,Ohata, K.,Nakajima, M.,Hirose, H.,Furukawa, R.,Kanai, Y.,Chikamune, T. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1999 Animal Bioscience Vol.12 No.6
From previous studies, there is a strong possibility in buffaloes that the marked increase in blood volume (BV) under hot conditions contributes to heat transportation from the rectum to the skin. The present study was done to clarify changes with environmental temperature on water-shift between blood and extracellular fluid (ECF), heat distribution between the rectum and the skin, and blood flow rates (BFR) at the hind legs (reflecting the skin surface). Four buffaloes and four Friesian cows were successively exposed to three different temperatures of $20^{\circ}C$, $30^{\circ}C$ and $35^{\circ}C$. BV and ECF volume were measured with Evans' blue and sodium-thiocyanate dilution methods, respectively. Rectal and subcutaneous (as the skin) temperatures were measured by copper-constantan thermocouples. BFR were measured by a supersonic blood flow meter. With an increase in environmental temperature, skin temperature in buffaloes increased significantly than cows, but rectal temperature was not significantly different between two species. BV, especially plasma compartment, increased significantly in only buffaloes, while ECF volume did not change in both species. BFR increased significantly in buffaloes, but not in cows. From these results, the increased of BV may be caused by water flowing from ECF compartment. The water-shift may induce the increase of BFR and skin temperature. It is suggested in the present study that internal changes of blood compartment in buffaloes contribute to transfer of heat to the skin surface.
Thermoregulatory Responses of Swamp Buffaloes and Friesian Cows to Diurnal Changes in Temperature
Koga, A.,Kurata, K.,Furukawa, R.,Nakajima, M.,Kanai, Y.,Chikamune, T. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1999 Animal Bioscience Vol.12 No.8
Several reports have indicated that a rectal temperature of buffaloes is easily influenced by their surroundings. To clarify an effect of changing environmental temperature on thermoregulatory responses of buffaloes, an environment with diurnal temperature changes of $25^{\circ}C$ to $35^{\circ}C$ was created using an artificial climate laboratory. Three swamp buffaloes and three Friesian cows were exposed to three different experimental periods as follows: Period 1 (constant temperature of $30^{\circ}C$, Period 2 (diurnally changing temperature) and Period 3 (diurnally changing temperature and fasting). Heat production, rectal temperature, respiration rate, heart rate and respiration volume were measured during each period. Rectal temperature of the buffaloes fluctuated diurnally with the changing temperature (Periods 2 and 3), but remained constant in cows. Mean heat production was significantly lower in buffaloes than in cows in Period 2 and 3. However, the maximum rectal temperature and the increment of heat production were not always lower in buffaloes than in cows during Period 2. These results show that a rectal temperature and heat production in buffaloes are markedly influenced by the diurnal changes in temperature. Compared with Bos Taurus cows, the differences may be attributed to the physiological features of buffaloes including a high heat conductivity of their bodies and an lower heat production.