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Viewpoint Classification for the Bus-Waiting Blinds in Congested Traffic Environment
Watcharin Tangsuksant,Masashi Noda,Kodai Kitagawa,Chikamune Wada 한국지능시스템학회 2019 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of FUZZY LOGIC and INTELLIGE Vol.19 No.1
To provide an effective notification service for the blinds awaiting the bus, it is crucial to have a viewpoint classification technique in which a viewpoint is defined with tilt and panning of camera. This paper proposes a viewpoint classification method using the car distribution information in the congested traffic environment. The proposed method takes four steps for classification. First, the YOLO algorithm is used to detect the car positions in the images. Second, the car positions are normalized for feature computation. Third, nineteen simple features are extracted and finally, the viewpoint classification is conducted. The proposed method uses the information gain measure to select relevant ones from the extracted features, and uses the Random Forest algorithm as a classifier. In the experiments, the proposed method has been tested for various roadside scenarios of congested traffic in day and night. The accuracies for car detection and viewpoint classification were 79:90% and 86:00%, respectively, which are improved compared to the prior work.
EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT COOLING TECHNIQUES ON DRAUGHT CAPACITY OF BUFFALO
Bunyavejchewin, P.,Kaewsomprasong, K.,Chotemethepirom, S.,Tanta-ngai, B.,Tajima, A.,Chikamune, T. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1991 Animal Bioscience Vol.4 No.2
Four male swamp buffaloes weighing $460.5{\pm}44.6kg$ were used to study the effects of different cooling techniques on draught capacity. Each animal carted an 882 kg load on the same asphalt road for one hour during four different time periods: 9:00-10:00 A.M., 10:30-11:30 A.M., 2:00-3:00 P.M. and 3:30-4:30 P.M. Simultaneously, all animals were subjected to five different treatments on five days of similar environmental conditions. In Treatment 1, animals were put stationary in a field and did no work; in Treatment 2, animals were worked without any cooling method; in Treatment 3, fifteen-minute wallow was allowed to animals prior to working; in Treatment 4, animals were covered with wetted jute bags while working, and in Treatment 5, two buckets of water were poured over the buffaloes' trunks just prior to working. The experiment was conducted from April to July 1989, when the weather was very hot. It was found that cooling methods and working times did not affect the draught efficiency of buffaloes during the one hour, but did affect physiological traits. The work load had a larger partial effect on physiological responses of buffalo other than respiration rate than did climatic variables except on the respiration rate of the buffaloes. One cooling technique that seemed to slow the increase of body temperature while working was covering the buffalo's back with wetted jute bags. Animals working at different times had significant differences in the increase of physiological traits except pulse rate.
Thermoregulatory Responses of Swamp Buffaloes and Friesian Cows to Diurnal Changes in Temperature
Koga, A.,Kurata, K.,Furukawa, R.,Nakajima, M.,Kanai, Y.,Chikamune, T. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1999 Animal Bioscience Vol.12 No.8
Several reports have indicated that a rectal temperature of buffaloes is easily influenced by their surroundings. To clarify an effect of changing environmental temperature on thermoregulatory responses of buffaloes, an environment with diurnal temperature changes of $25^{\circ}C$ to $35^{\circ}C$ was created using an artificial climate laboratory. Three swamp buffaloes and three Friesian cows were exposed to three different experimental periods as follows: Period 1 (constant temperature of $30^{\circ}C$, Period 2 (diurnally changing temperature) and Period 3 (diurnally changing temperature and fasting). Heat production, rectal temperature, respiration rate, heart rate and respiration volume were measured during each period. Rectal temperature of the buffaloes fluctuated diurnally with the changing temperature (Periods 2 and 3), but remained constant in cows. Mean heat production was significantly lower in buffaloes than in cows in Period 2 and 3. However, the maximum rectal temperature and the increment of heat production were not always lower in buffaloes than in cows during Period 2. These results show that a rectal temperature and heat production in buffaloes are markedly influenced by the diurnal changes in temperature. Compared with Bos Taurus cows, the differences may be attributed to the physiological features of buffaloes including a high heat conductivity of their bodies and an lower heat production.
Koga, A.,Kurata, K.,Ohata, K.,Nakajima, M.,Hirose, H.,Furukawa, R.,Kanai, Y.,Chikamune, T. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1999 Animal Bioscience Vol.12 No.6
From previous studies, there is a strong possibility in buffaloes that the marked increase in blood volume (BV) under hot conditions contributes to heat transportation from the rectum to the skin. The present study was done to clarify changes with environmental temperature on water-shift between blood and extracellular fluid (ECF), heat distribution between the rectum and the skin, and blood flow rates (BFR) at the hind legs (reflecting the skin surface). Four buffaloes and four Friesian cows were successively exposed to three different temperatures of $20^{\circ}C$, $30^{\circ}C$ and $35^{\circ}C$. BV and ECF volume were measured with Evans' blue and sodium-thiocyanate dilution methods, respectively. Rectal and subcutaneous (as the skin) temperatures were measured by copper-constantan thermocouples. BFR were measured by a supersonic blood flow meter. With an increase in environmental temperature, skin temperature in buffaloes increased significantly than cows, but rectal temperature was not significantly different between two species. BV, especially plasma compartment, increased significantly in only buffaloes, while ECF volume did not change in both species. BFR increased significantly in buffaloes, but not in cows. From these results, the increased of BV may be caused by water flowing from ECF compartment. The water-shift may induce the increase of BFR and skin temperature. It is suggested in the present study that internal changes of blood compartment in buffaloes contribute to transfer of heat to the skin surface.