Percolation Theory-Based Exposure-Path Prevention for 3D-Wireless Sensor Networks Coverage

( Xiaoshuang Liu ),( Guixia Kang ),( Ningbo Zhang ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2015 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.9 No.1

Different from the existing works on coverage problems in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), this paper considers the exposure-path prevention problem by using the percolation theory in three dimensional (3D) WSNs, which can be implemented in intruder detecting applications. In this paper, to avoid the loose bounds of critical density, a bond percolation-based scheme is proposed to put the exposure-path problem into a 3D uniform lattice. Within this scheme, the tighter bonds of critical density for omnidirectional and directional sensor networks under random sensor deployment―a 3D Poisson process are derived. Extensive simulation results show that our scheme generates tighter bounds of critical density with no exposure path in 3D WSNs.

Cooperative and Competitive Effect in Heterogeneous Networks of Healthcare System

( Xiaoshuang Liu ),( Guixia Kang ),( Ningbo Zhang ),( Yanyan Guo ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2015 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.9 No.11

Different network provides different service. To maximize the profit, heterogeneous networks form a whole, which may either compete or cooperate with each other. In this paper, the healthcare monitor network architecture is introduced to build the competitive and cooperative mechanisms of heterogeneous networks which contain three networks, namely, cellular network, WLAN and WMAN. This paper considers the natural growth rate of the network with competitive and cooperative effects. Then, the stability of the proposed model and its equilibrium points are analyzed by the ordinary differential principle. Finally, simulation results show that the natural growth rate cannot increase the profit of the network, but effective cooperative among heterogeneous networks can increase the profit of each network, and competitive may decrease the profit of each network.

A Smart Energy-efficiency Deployment Scheme for Lifetime Enhancement in Large-scale Wireless Sensor Networks

Xiaoshuang Liu,Jianfeng Li,Guixia Kang 한국산학기술학회 2015 SmartCR Vol.5 No.6

The exploitation of an energy-efficiency deployment scheme for green wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is a challenging issue since WSNs have become more complex and have achieved a larger scale. Meanwhile, most of the current deployment schemes cannot be transferred directly into complex networks. Therefore, this paper presents a deployment scheme to address this question and achieve green, networked WSNs. First, a hierarchical structure is proposed to deploy WSNs generally. Then, based on this structure, an energy optimization problem is constructed to realize green WSNs. Next, the question is solved by an optimal path and minimal energy consumption algorithm (OPMECA). Extensive simulations demonstrate that our energy-efficiency deployment scheme is applicable to green WSN deployment through the network lifetime and energy consumption in comparison with other algorithms.

Effect of Contact Pressure on Reciprocating Wear Behavior of PEEK, PTFE, and UHMWPE

Liu Lian,Duan Haitao,Jia Dan,Tu Jiesong,Zhan Shengpeng,Li Yinhua,Luo Xiaoshuang,Zhan Wen,Xiong Wei,Li Jian 한국고분자학회 2020 폴리머 Vol.44 No.6

Engineering plastics are macromolecular compounds composed of covalently bonded macromolecules, which have been widely used in sliding wear-resistance materials in isolation bearings. In this study, an MFT-5000 reciprocating friction testing machine was used to compare the friction and wear performance of polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) under heavy load conditions in dry friction condition. The results show that load has a significant effect on the friction coefficient, wear rate, and wear mechanism of three materials. The instant friction coefficient of PTFE fluctuates under high load, the wear rate clearly increases with the increase in load. Therefore, the application under high load conditions is limited. The wear rate of UHMWPE is the least affected by the load among the three materials. Even when the load exceeds the yield strength, the wear resistance is still good. The friction coefficient of PEEK decreases with the increase in load but maintains a high value that restricts its application in sliding friction pair materials to some degree.

Proteome Changes in Penicillium expansum Grown in a Medium Derived from Host Plant

( Xiaoshuang Xia ),( Huan Li ),( Fei Liu ),( Ye Zhang ),( Qi Zhang ),( Yun Wang ),( Peiwu Li ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2017 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.27 No.3

Penicillium expansum causes blue mold rot, a prevalent postharvest disease of pome fruit, and is also the main producer of the patulin. However, knowledge on the molecular mechanisms involved in this pathogen-host interaction remains largely unknown. In this work, a twodimensional gel electrophoresis-based proteomic approach was applied to probe changes in P. expansum 3.3703 cultivated in apple juice medium, which was used to mimic the in planta condition. The results showed that the pH value and reducing sugar content in the apple juice medium decreased whereas the patulin content increased with the growing of P. expansum. A total of 28 protein spots that were up-regulated in P. expansum when grown in apple juice medium were identified. Functional categorization revealed that the identified proteins were mainly related to carbohydrate metabolism, secondary metabolism, protein biosynthesis or degradation, and redox homeostasis. Remarkably, several induced proteins, including glucose dehydrogenase, galactose oxidase, and FAD-binding monooxygenase, which might be responsible for the observed medium acidification and patulin production, were also detected. Overall, the experimental results provide a comprehensive interpretation of the physiological and proteomic responses of P. expansum to the host plant environment, and future functional characterization of the identified proteins will deepen our understanding of fungi-host interactions.

Estimation and inference for additive partially nonlinear models

Xiaoshuang Zhou,Peixin Zhao,Zehui Liu 한국통계학회 2016 Journal of the Korean Statistical Society Vol.45 No.4

In this paper, we extend the additive partially linear model to the additive partially nonlinear model in which the linear part of the additive partially linear model is replaced by a nonlinear function of the covariates. A profile nonlinear least squares estimation procedure for the parameter vector in nonlinear function and the nonparametric functions of the additive partially nonlinear model is proposed and the asymptotic properties of the resulting estimators are established. Furthermore, we apply the empirical likelihood method to the additive partially nonlinear model. An empirical likelihood ratio for the parameter vector and a residual adjusted empirical likelihood ratio for the nonparametric functions have been proposed. Wilks phenomenon is proved and the confidence regions for the parametric vector and the nonparametric functions are constructed. Some simulations have been conducted to assess the performance of the proposed estimating procedures. The results have demonstrated that both the procedures perform well in finite samples. Compared with the results from the empirical likelihood method with those from the profile nonlinear least squares method, the empirical likelihood method performs better in terms of coverage probabilities and average widths of confidence bands.

Preparation and enzymatic activity of Fe3O4-IDA-Ni/NAD kinase magnetic catalyst

Changxia Liu,Yadi Yang,Huafeng Gao,Xiaoshuang Bai,Zheng-Jun Li 한국화학공학회 2020 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.37 No.3

The use of oxidoreductases as biocatalysts for industrial production of valuable compounds has a strong demand for NADP. Herein, we prepared superparamagnetic NAD kinase catalyst to synthesize NADP in vitro. First, Fe3O4 particles were synthesized through a solvothermal method, followed by the chemical modification with epichlorohydrin, iminodiacetic acid, and Ni2+ to yield functional Fe3O4 sub-microspheres. Subsequently, NAD kinase of Escherichia coli was overexpressed and immobilized on to the surface of magnetic sub-microspheres. The immobilized NAD kinase was used to catalyze the conversion of NAD to NADP in a cell-free system. Under optimal condition, the conversion ratio of NAD reached 91.7% and remained at 86.3% after repeated use for five times. Our study revealed that the novel magnetic NAD kinase catalyst possessed favorable properties for magnetic manipulation and NADP production.

Effects of alfalfa flavonoids on the production performance, immune system, and ruminal fermentation of dairy cows

Zhan, Jinshun,Liu, Mingmei,Su, Xiaoshuang,Zhan, Kang,Zhang, Chungang,Zhao, Guoqi Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2017 Animal Bioscience Vol.30 No.10

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the effects of alfalfa flavonoids on the production performance, immunity, and ruminal fermentation of dairy cows. Methods: The experiments employed four primiparous Holstein cows fitted with ruminal cannulas, and used a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design. Cattle were fed total mixed ration supplemented with 0 (control group, Con), 20, 60, or 100 mg of alfalfa flavonoids extract (AFE) per kg of dairy cow body weight (BW). Results: The feed intake of the group receiving 60 mg/kg BW of AFE were significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of the group receiving 100 mg/kg BW. Milk yields and the fat, protein and lactose of milk were unaffected by AFE, while the total solids content of milk reduced (p = 0.05) linearly as AFE supplementation was increased. The somatic cell count of milk in group receiving 60 mg/kg BW of AFE was significantly lower (p<0.05) than that of the control group. Apparent total-tract digestibility of neutral detergent fiber and crude protein showed a tendency to increase (0.05<$p{\leq}0.10$) with ingestion of AFE. Methane dicarboxylic aldehyde concentration decreased (p = 0.03) linearly, whereas superoxide dismutase activity showed a tendency to increase (p = 0.10) quadratically, with increasing levels of AFE supplementation. The lymphocyte count and the proportion of lymphocytes decreased (p = 0.03) linearly, whereas the proportion of neutrophil granulocytes increased (p = 0.01) linearly with increasing levels of dietary AFE supplementation. The valeric acid/total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) ratio was increased (p = 0.01) linearly with increasing of the level of AFE supplementation, the other ruminal fermentation parameters were not affected by AFE supplementation. Relative levels of the rumen microbe Ruminococcus flavefaciens tended to decrease (p = 0.09) quadratically, whereas those of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens showed a tendency to increase (p = 0.07) quadratically in response to AFE supplementation. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that AFE supplementation can alter composition of milk, and may also have an increase tendency of nutrient digestion by regulating populations of microbes in the rumen, improve antioxidant properties by increasing antioxidant enzyme activities, and affect immunity by altering the proportions of lymphocyte and neutrophil granulocytes in dairy cows. The addition of 60 mg/kg BW of AFE to the diet of dairy cows was shown to be beneficial in this study.

Effects of alfalfa flavonoids extract on the microbial flora of dairy cow rumen

Zhan, Jinshun,Liu, Mingmei,Wu, Caixia,Su, Xiaoshuang,Zhan, Kang,Zhao, Guo qi Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2017 Animal Bioscience Vol.30 No.9

Objective: The effect of flavonoids from alfalfa on the microbial flora was determined using molecular techniques of 16S ribosome deoxyribonucleic acid (rDNA) analysis. Methods: Four primiparous Holstein heifers fitted with ruminal cannulas were used in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design and fed a total mixed ration to which alfalfa flavonoids extract (AFE) was added at the rates of 0 (A, control), 20 (B), 60 (C), or 100 (D) mg per kg of heifer BW. Results: The number of operational taxonomic units in heifers given higher levels of flavonoid extract (C and D) was higher than for the two other treatments. The Shannon, Ace, and Chao indices for treatment C were significantly higher than for the other treatments (p<0.05). The number of phyla and genera increased linearly with increasing dietary supplementation of AFE (p<0.05). The principal co-ordinates analysis plot showed substantial differences in the microbial flora for the four treatments. The microbial flora in treatment A was similar to that in B, C, and D were similar by the weighted analysis. The richness of Tenericutes at the phylum level tended to increase with increasing AFE (p = 0.10). The proportion of Euryarchaeota at the phylum level increased linearly, whereas the proportion of Fusobacteria decreased linearly with increasing AFE supplementation (p = 0.04). The percentage of Mogibacterium, Pyramidobacter, and Asteroleplasma at the genus level decreased linearly with increasing AFE (p<0.05). The abundance of Spirochaeta, Succinivibrio, and Suttonella at the genus level tended to decrease linearly with increasing AFE (0.05<p<0.10). Conclusion: Including AFE in the diet of dairy cows may alter the microbial composition of the rumen; however its effect on nutrient digestibility remains to be determined.

Influence of Solution Concentrations on Surface Morphology and Wettability of ZnO Thin Films

Jianguo Lv,Changlong Liu,Feng Wang,Zhitao Zhou,Zhenfa Zi,Yuan Feng,Xiaoshuang Chen,Feng Liu,Gang He,Shiwei Shi,Xueping Song,Zhaoqi Sun 대한금속·재료학회 2013 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.9 No.2

ZnO thin films were grown on silicon substrates using a hydrothermal method. The XRD patterns show that all of the peaks can be attributed to the wurtzite structures of ZnO. The TC value of (002) plane and average crystal size increase first and then decrease with the increase of solution concentration. SEM and AFM results show that many dense hexagonal cylinder particles have been observed on the surface of the thin films, which grown at 0.08 and 0.10 mol/L. The surface roughness of the thin films deposited at 0.06,0.08, 0.10, and 0.12 mol/L are 24.5, 38.3, 32.0, and 39.4 nm, respectively. Surface wettability results show that the preferential orientation along c-axis and surface roughness contribute significantly to the hydrophobicity. The reversible switching between hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity is related to the synergy of the transition of wetting model, surface crystal structure, and surface roughness.