Ball End Mill—Tool Radius Compensation of Complex NURBS Surfaces for 3-Axis CNC Milling Machines

Zhaoqin Wang,Xiaorong Wang,Yusen Wang,Ruijun Wang,Manyu Bao,Tiesong Lin,Peng He 한국정밀공학회 2020 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.21 No.8

In order to extend the 2D-TRC (tool radius compensation) function of 3-axis CNC milling machines to ball end mills (BEMs), a new TRC named BEM-TRC is proposed to achieve successful milling of complex surfaces without over-cut. The implementation of the BEM-TRC for complex surfaces depicted in NURBS model is divided into three steps. The first one is to search the cutting point (CP) on a NURBS surface using equi-arc length interpolation in u or v direction. The second one is to accomplish BEM-TRC at the CP through offsetting the CP to the cutter center point (CCP) of a BEM along the normal vector at CP. The third one is to compute the cutter location point (CLP) of the BEM according to the BEM-CCP. The simulation and experiment verifies that the BEM-TRC is feasible and effective, and can avoid over-cut phenomenon successfully. The BEM-TRC extends the ability of the traditional 2D-TRC function, and makes 3-axis CNC milling machines to accomplish the milling process of complex NURBS surfaces.

Transient Expression of the GUS Gene in a Unicellular Marine Green Alga, Chlorella sp. MACC/C95, via Electroporation

Wang, Changhai,Wang, Yiyun,Su, Qiao,Gao, Xiaorong Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengineerin 2007 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.12 No.2

A transient expression system for a unicellular marine green alga, Chlorella sp. MACC/C95, was developed using a reporter GUS gene coded for by plasmid pBI121. The results demonstrated a high transformation efficiency could be achieved by using electroporation to deliver DNA into intact cells and the CaMV35S promoter to drive the foreign gene expression in Chlorella sp. MACC/C95. The use of a carrier DNA coupled with osmosis treatment improved the transformation efficiency, while linearization of the plasmid had minor effects. Investigation of the effects of DNA concentration and growth phases of Chlorella sp. MACC/C95 on transformation efficiency indicated that the highest level of transient expression was observed when $6{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$ of plasmid DNA and cells $2{\sim}6$ days old were used.

Transient Expression of the GUS Gene in a Unicellular Marine Green Alga, Chlorella sp. MACC/C95, via Electroporation

Changhai Wang,Yiyun Wang,Qiao Su,Xiaorong Gao 한국생물공학회 2007 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.12 No.2

A transient expression system for a unicellular marine green alga, Chlorella sp. MACC/C95, was developed using a reporter GUS gene coded for by plasmid pBI121. The results demonstrated a high transformation efficiency could be achieved by using electroporation to deliver DNA into intact cells and the CaMV35S promoter to drive the foreign gene expression in Chlorella sp. MACC/C95. The use of a carrier DNA coupled with osmosis treatment improved the transformation efficiency, while linearization of the plasmid had minor effects. Investigation of the effects of DNA concentration and growth phases of Chlorella sp. MACC/C95 on transformation efficiency indicated that the highest level of transient expression was observed when 6 μg mL-1 of plasmid DNA and cells 2~6 days old were used.

Principle and Application of the Ball End Mill: Tool Radius Compensation for NURBS Curve Swept Surfaces Based on 3-Axis CNC Milling Machines

Zhaoqin Wang,Xiaorong Wang,Xiaoqin Liu,Yusen Wang,Chengyu Li,Tiesong Lin,Peng He 한국정밀공학회 2021 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.22 No.9

Common 3-axis CNC milling machines are generally equipped with 2D tool radius compensation (2D-TRC), which can realize TRC function for the contours in three basic planes when flat end mills are used. The 2D-TRC function makes engineers to program according to the actual contour of a part, and avoids over-cut phenomenon. Unfortunately, the 2D-TRC is unsuitable for ball end mills (BEMs), especially in the situation of milling complex curves or surfaces. In this work, a new TRC named BEM-TRC is used for milling NURBS curve swept surfaces using BEMs based on 3-axis CNC milling machines. In BEM-TRC, the TRC of a BEM involves radial and axial compensation. The cutting point (CP), which is the tangent point between a BEM and a NURBS curve, is considered as a calculation basis point. After obtaining a CP on a NURBS curve using the equi-arc length bisection interpolation method, the cutter center point of a BEM is calculated through off setting the CP the radius ( r ) distance of the BEM along its normal vector. Then the cutter location point of the BEM can be obtained according to the cutter center point. The CNC finishing program corresponding to the cutter location point can be obtained using Matlab software. The simulation based on VERICUT and machining based on a 3-axis milling machine verifies the effectiveness of the BEM-TRC. The over-cut phenomenon is avoided successfully when the BEM-TRC is used.

The functionalities and applications of whey/whey protein in fermented foods: a review

Xiaorong Zeng,Yujie Wang,Shuda Yang,Yijun Liu,Xing Li,Diru Liu 한국식품과학회 2024 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.33 No.4

Whey, a major by-product of cheese production, is primarily composed of whey protein (WP). To mitigate environmental pollution, it is crucial to identify effective approaches for fully utilizing the functional components of whey or WP to produce high-value-added products. This review aims to illustrate the active substances with immunomodulatory, metabolic syndrome-regulating, antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities produced by whey or WP through fermentation processes, and summarizes the application and the effects of whey or WP on nutritional properties and health promotion in fermented foods. All these findings indicate that whey or WP can serve as a preservative, a source of high-protein dietary, and a source of physiologically active substance in the production of fermented foods. Therefore, expanding the use of whey or WP in fermented foods is of great importance for converting whey into value-added products, as well as reducing whey waste and potential contamination.

MCT2 overexpression promotes recovery of cognitive function by increasing mitochondrial biogenesis in a rat model of stroke

Xiaorong Yu,Rui Zhang,Cunsheng Wei,Yuanyuan Gao,Yanhua Yu,Lin Wang,Junying Jiang,Xuemei Zhang,Junrong Li,Xuemei Chen 한국통합생물학회 2021 Animal cells and systems Vol.25 No.2

Monocarboxylate transporter 2 (MCT2) is the predominant monocarboxylate transporter expressed by neurons. MCT2 plays an important role in brain energy metabolism. Stroke survivors are at high risk of cognitive impairment. We reported previously that stroke-induced cognitive impairment was related to impaired energy metabolism. In the present study, we report that cognitive function was impaired after stroke in rats. We found that MCT2 expression, but not that of MCT1 or MCT4, was markedly decreased in the rat hippocampus at 7 and 28 days after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). Moreover, MCT2 overexpression promoted recovery of cognitive function after stroke. The molecular mechanism underlying these effects may be related to an increase in adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis induced by overexpression of MCT2. Our findings suggest that MCT2 activation ameliorates cognitive impairment after stroke.

Energy-efficient wing design for flapping wing micro aerial vehicles

Zhonglai Wang,Xiaorong Hu,Yingdong Wu 대한기계학회 2019 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.33 No.9

Flapping wing micro aerial vehicles (FWMAVs) have attracted more attention during the development of the robotic systems field. The size of the flapping wing plays an important role in the lift force and torque generation based on quasi-steady aerodynamic model. Therefore, it is necessary to study energy-efficient design methods for wings to provide sufficient lift force and torque with minimal energy consumption for hovering flight. In this paper, the sensitive parameters for the lift force and power consumption were first selected based on design of experiment (DOE) and the parameter of the distributed wing stiffness was determined based on experimental data. Design optimization models for three different cases were then built by considering the lift force as one constraint and the energy consumption as the objective function. The combination of subset simulation and the gradient-based optimization was finally used for solving design optimization models, and the corresponding sensitivity analysis was provided.

Nationalism Interpretation of the Demarcation Process of Central Asian CIS Countries

Yan Xiaorong,Wang Minghui 아시아사회과학학회 2022 Jornal of Asia Social Science Vol.8 No.2

Precise demarcation of territory is one of the symbols of modern nationstate, and it is also the main way for nationalist ideology as an internal mobilization factor to build and consolidate modern nation-state. The demarcation process of Central Asian CIS countries and the settlement of demarcation disputes were influenced by the trend of nationalist ideology in the last century. The demarcation began in the 1920s and 1930s, and the remaining problems of demarcation have not been solved so far. As far as the five Central Asian CIS countries are concerned, nationalism prevails, and the process of demarcation increases the contradictions and frictions among countries. As far as the countries are concerned, the demarcation has established the sovereignty of nation-states and safeguarded national interests, which has become an important form of nationalism ideology in Central Asia in the last century to construct modern nationstates.

<i>Arabidopsis</i> DET1 degrades HFR1 but stabilizes PIF1 to precisely regulate seed germination

Shi, Hui,Wang, Xin,Mo, Xiaorong,Tang, Chao,Zhong, Shangwei,Deng, Xing Wang National Academy of Sciences 2015 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.112 No.12

<P><B>Significance</B></P><P>How organisms respond to environment changes is a fundamental and intriguing question in biology. Light is the energy resource and a crucial environmental cue for plant major developmental switches, such as seed germination. Studying the underlying mechanism is important for us to understand the basic principles of plant development and improve crop productions. Here we identify DET1 as a novel central repressor of seed germination. We further reveal that seeds use a multilevel regulatory circuit of triple feed-forward loops to sensitively and precisely mediate light-regulated germination. This study provides a comprehensive framework of how light regulates seed germination.</P><P>Seed is an essential propagation organ and a critical strategy adopted by terrestrial flowering plants to colonize the land. The ability of seeds to accurately respond to light is vital for plant survival. However, the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. In this study, we reveal a circuit of triple feed-forward loops adopted by <I>Arabidopsis</I> seeds to exclusively repress germination in dark conditions and precisely initiate germination under diverse light conditions. We identify that de-etiolated 1 (DET1), an evolutionarily conserved protein, is a central repressor of light-induced seed germination. Genetic analysis demonstrates that DET1 functions upstream of long hypocotyl in far-red 1 (HFR1) and phytochrome interacting factor 1 (PIF1), the key positive and negative transcription regulators in seed germination. We further find that DET1 and constitutive photomorphogenic 10 (COP10) target HFR1 for protein degradation by assembling a COP10–DET1–damaged DNA binding protein 1–cullin4 E3 ligase complex. Moreover, DET1 and COP10 directly interact with and promote the protein stability of PIF1. Computational modeling reveals that phytochrome B (phyB)–DET1–HFR1–PIF1 and phyB–DET1–Protease–PIF1 are new signaling pathways, independent of the previously identified phyB-PIF1 pathway, respectively mediating the rapid and time-lapse responses to light irradiation. The model-simulated results are highly consistent with their experimental validations, suggesting that our mathematical model captures the essence of <I>Arabidopsis</I> seed germination networks. Taken together, this study provides a comprehensive molecular framework for light-regulated seed germination, improving our understanding of how plants respond to changeable environments.</P>

Effect of Acrylic Content on the Properties of the Polyurethane/Polyacrylate Composite Emulsion

Guoyan Ma,Yiding Shen,Ruimin Gao,Xiaorong Wang 한국고분자학회 2017 폴리머 Vol.41 No.1

A polyurethane/polyacrylate (PUA) composite emulsion was synthesized by using polyurethane (PU) as seeds with soap-free emulsion polymerization, in which methyl methacrylate (MMA) and butyl acrylate (BA) were used as main acrylic monomers. The effect of acrylic contents and “stiff” and “soft” weight ratio of acrylic monomers on the properties of the films were investigated. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) results showed that acrylic monomers were involved in the emulsion copolymerization. The optimum composition of PUA composite formation was obtained when the polyacrylate (PA) content was 20%, in which the weight ratio of MMA and BA was 2/1. With the increment of PA content, the decomposition temperature increased.