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China Urban Economic Reform and Development in the Past 30 Years
Xiaodong Fu,Jing Yu,Yaohui Li 서울시립대학교 도시과학연구원 2009 도시과학국제저널 Vol.13 No.2
It has been already 30 years since China began her reforms and opened to the outside world. During these recent 30 years, China’s urban economy has not only gained rapid expansion on a total quantity scale, but has also made qualitative leaps and remarkable upgrades in economic system and operational mechanism. This paper studies transitional process of urban economic reform as well as step-by-step liberation of urban economic elements during the recent 30 years in order to explore the new mode of China’s urban economic development. Based on the relevant statistical data of China’s urban economy and the corresponding institutional analysis, it presents that China’s urban economic system has gradually shifted from planned allocation to a more open market, that the utilization of urban function has changed from monomer to urban group, that the measure of urban economic level has transformed from simple output to the whole urban value, that the new impetus of urban economic development has shifted to urban management, that urban development concept and guidance has broken through the former size limitation.
Fu, Xinmiao,Shi, Xiaodong,Yin, Linxiang,Liu, Jiafeng,Joo, Keehyoung,Lee, Jooyoung,Chang, Zengyi American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Bi 2013 The Journal of biological chemistry Vol.288 No.17
<P>As ubiquitous molecular chaperones, small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) are crucial for protein homeostasis. It is not clear why sHSPs are able to bind a wide spectrum of non-native substrate proteins and how such binding is enhanced by heat shock. Here, by utilizing a genetically incorporated photo-cross-linker (<I>p</I>-benzoyl-<SMALL>l</SMALL>-phenylalanine), we systematically characterized the substrate-binding residues in IbpB (a sHSP from <I>Escherichia coli</I>) in living cells over a wide spectrum of temperatures (from 20 to 50 °C). A total of 20 and 48 residues were identified at normal and heat shock temperatures, respectively. They are not necessarily hydrophobic and can be classified into three types: types I and II were activated at low and normal temperatures, respectively, and type III mediated oligomerization at low temperature but switched to substrate binding at heat shock temperature. In addition, substrate binding of IbpB in living cells began at temperatures as low as 25 °C and was further enhanced upon temperature elevation. Together, these <I>in vivo</I> data provide novel structural insights into the wide substrate spectrum of sHSPs and suggest that sHSP is able to hierarchically activate its multi-type substrate-binding residues and thus act as a robust chaperone in cells under fluctuating growth conditions.</P>
A Hybrid Flying Cascaded DC/DC Converter Topology for HVDC Interconnections
Xiaodong Zhao,Binbin Li,Shuxin Zhang,Qintian Fu,Dianguo Xu 전력전자학회 2019 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2019 No.5
The present landscape for power transmission network is undergoing remarkable change with the significant progress made in HVDC transmission, especially the modular multilevel converter (MMC) which shows many operational advantages for high-power application. Similar to the role of AC-transformer in AC systems, there urgently needs DC/DC converter to interconnect multiple dc transmission lines with different voltage levels. This paper investigates a transformerless high-voltage DC/DC converter termed as hybrid-flying-cascaded DC/DC converter (HFC) is suitable for interconnecting high-voltage. This topology presents the merits of less amount of semiconductors, very attractive capital costs, light converter weight and high system efficiency. In this paper, operating principles of the HFC are analyzed, while the modulation and control schemes are also elaborated. Feasibility of the proposed topology is verified by simulation results based on a 300MW, 300kV/500kV HFC.
Study on ultra-high sensitivity piezoelectric effect of GaN micro/nano columns
Haixia Zhang,Xiaodong Hu,Hua Zong,Jianbo Fu 나노기술연구협의회 2019 Nano Convergence Vol.6 No.33
High-quality GaN micro/nano columns were prepared with self-organized catalytic-free method. Young’s modulus of GaN nanocolumns were measured under both compressive stress and tensile stress. It was found that the Young’s modulus decreases with the increasing of nanocolumn diameter due to the increase of face defect density. Furthermore, we measured the piezoelectric properties and found that there was a 1000-fold current increase under a strain of 1% with a fixed bias voltage of 10 mV. Based on the Schottky Barrier Diode model, we modified it with the effect of polarization charge, image charge and interface state to analyze the experiment results which reveals that the strong piezopolarization effect plays an important role in this phenomenon. Therefore, the GaN nanocolumns has a great prospect to be applied in high-efficiency nanogenerators and high-sensitivity nanosensors.
Lei Zhou,Lin Fu,Na Lv,Jing Liu,Yan Li,Xiaosu Chen,Qingyu Xu,Guofeng Chen,Baoxu Pang,Lili Wang,Yonghui Li,Xiaodong Zhang,Li Yu 생화학분자생물학회 2018 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.50 No.-
The AML1-ETO fusion protein (A/E), which results from the t(8;21) translocation, is considered to be a leukemiainitiating event. Identifying the mechanisms underlying the oncogenic activity of A/E remains a major challenge. In this study, we identified a specific down-regulation of brain acid-soluble protein 1 (BASP1) in t(8;21) acute myeloid leukemia (AML). A/E recognized AML1-binding sites and recruited DNA methyltransferase 3a (DNMT3a) to the BASP1 promoter sequence, which triggered DNA methylation-mediated silencing of BASP1. Ectopic expression of BASP1 inhibited proliferation and the colony-forming ability of A/E-positive AML cell lines and led to apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. The DNMT inhibitor decitabine up-regulated the expression of BASP1 in A/E-positive AML cell lines. In conclusion, our data suggest that BASP1 silencing via promoter methylation may be involved in A/E-mediated leukemogenesis and that BASP1 targeting may be an actionable therapeutic strategy in t(8;21) AML.
Park, Chang Ook,Fu, Xiujun,Jiang, Xiaodong,Pan, Youdong,Teague, Jessica E.,Collins, Nicholas,Tian, Tian,O'Malley, John T.,Emerson, Ryan O.,Kim, Ji Hye,Jung, Yookyung,Watanabe, Rei,Fuhlbrigge, Robert C Elsevier 2018 The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology Vol.142 No.2
<P><B>Background</B></P> <P> <I>Candida albicans</I> is a dimorphic fungus to which human subjects are exposed early in life, and by adulthood, it is part of the mycobiome of skin and other tissues. Neonatal skin lacks resident memory T (T<SUB>RM</SUB>) cells, but in adults the <I>C albicans</I> skin test is a surrogate for immunocompetence. Young adult mice raised under specific pathogen-free conditions are naive to <I>C albicans</I> and have been shown recently to have an immune system resembling that of neonatal human subjects.</P> <P><B>Objective</B></P> <P>We studied the evolution of the adaptive cutaneous immune response to <I>Candida</I> species.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>We examined both human skin T cells and the <I>de novo</I> and memory immune responses in a mouse model of <I>C albicans</I> skin infection.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>In mice the initial IL-17–producing cells after <I>C albicans</I> infection were dermal γδ T cells, but by day 7, αβ T<SUB>H</SUB>17 effector T cells were predominant. By day 30, the majority of <I>C albicans</I>–reactive IL-17–producing T cells were CD4 T<SUB>RM</SUB> cells. Intravital microscopy showed that CD4 effector T cells were recruited to the site of primary infection and were highly motile 10 days after infection. Between 30 and 90 days after infection, these CD4 T cells became increasingly sessile, acquired expression of CD69 and CD103, and localized to the papillary dermis. These established T<SUB>RM</SUB> cells produced IL-17 on challenge, whereas motile migratory memory T cells did not. T<SUB>RM</SUB> cells rapidly clear an infectious challenge with <I>C albicans</I> more effectively than recirculating T cells, although both populations participate. We found that in normal human skin IL-17–producing CD4<SUP>+</SUP> T<SUB>RM</SUB> cells that responded to <I>C albicans</I> in an MHC class II–restricted fashion could be identified readily.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>These studies demonstrate that <I>C albicans</I> infection of skin preferentially generates CD4<SUP>+</SUP> IL-17–producing T<SUB>RM</SUB> cells, which mediate durable protective immunity.</P>
Investigation of Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting for Mn-Doped In2O3 Film
Xianke Sun,Xinhe Fu,Tingting You,Qiannan Zhang,Liuyang Xu,Xiaodong Zhou,Honglei Yuan,Kuili Liu 대한금속·재료학회 2018 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.14 No.6
Undoped and Mn-doped In 2 O 3 fi lms were prepared by radiofrequency magnetron sputtering technique. The eff ects of Mn dopingon the structural and optical properties of as-prepared fi lms were investigated using X-ray diff raction, X-ray photoelectronspectroscopy and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. Mn doping can enhance the intensity of (222) peak in Mn-doped In 2 O 3thin fi lm, indicating Mn dopant promotes preferred orientation of crystal growth along (222) plane. XPS analyses revealedthat the doped Mn ions exist at + 2 oxidation states, substituting for the In 3+ sites in the In 2 O 3 lattice. UV–Vis measurementsshow that the optical band gap E g decreases from 3.33 to 2.87 eV with Mn doping in In 2 O 3 , implying an increasing sp–dexchange interaction in the fi lm. Our work demonstrates a practical means to manipulate the band gap energy of In 2 O 3 thinfi lm via Mn impurity doping, and signifi cantly improves the photoelectrochemical activity.