Meteorological driven factors of population growth in brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stål (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), in rice paddies

Xiao‐Zhen Li,Yi ZOU,Hai-Yan YANG,Hai-Jun XIAO,Jian-Guo WANG 한국곤충학회 2017 Entomological Research Vol.47 No.5

Growth of brown planthopper (BPH) (Nilaparvata lugens Stål) in rice paddies is mainly driven by meteorological factors under similar management practices. By analyzing field investigation and meteorological data collected from 2008 to 2013 in Nanchang, China, we show that BPH population densities and monthly growth rates (BGR) changed greatly from May to October, and these changes were closely associated with meteorological factors. Stepwise regression and path analysis indicated average speed of winds (AW) in June and lowest temperature (LT) in July were the first factors entering analysis, which interpreted 46.20% and 31.90% of their influences on BGR. While highest temperature (HT) in August and average temperature (AT) in September were the most important factors affecting BGR, but their direct path coefficients were all smaller than their corresponding indirect path coefficients. In October, relative humidity (RH), AW and number of raining days (RD) had significant effects on BGR. According to the sum of each meteorological factor entering stepwise regression analysis sequences, we found AW had the utmost effect on BPH growth, followed by AT and RH, but LT and RD least. The work demonstrate dynamic meteorological factors driving BPH growth and outbreak in rice paddies, which would facilitate the development of durable approaches for forecasting and controlling this destructive rice pest.

Behaviours of steel-fibre-reinforced ULCC slabs subject to concentrated loading

Jun-Yan Wang,Xiao-long Gao,Jia-Bao Yan 국제구조공학회 2019 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.71 No.4

Novel steel fibre reinforced ultra-lightweight cement composite (ULCC) with compressive strength of 87.3MPa and density of 1649kg/m3 was developed for the flat slabs in civil buildings. This paper investigated structural behaviours of ULCC flat slabs according to a 4-specimen test program under concentrated loading and some reported test results. The investigated governing parameters on the structural behaviours of the ULCC slabs include volume fraction of the steel fibre and the patch loading area. The test results revealed that ULCC flat slabs with and without flexure reinforcement failed in different failure mode, and an increase in volume fraction of the steel fibre and loading area led to an increase in flexural resistance for the ULCC slabs without flexural reinforcement. Based on the experiment results, the analytical models were developed and also validated. The validations showed that the analytical models developed in this paper could predict the ultimate strength of the ULCC flat slabs with and without flexure reinforcement reasonably well.

Salivary Pepsin as an Intrinsic Marker for Diagnosis of Sub-types of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease-related Disorders

( Yan-jun Wang ),( Xiu-qiong Lang ),( Dan Wu ),( Yu-qin He ),( Chun-hui Lan ),( Xiao-xiao ),( Bin Wang ),( Duo-wu Zou ),( Ji-min Wu ),( Yong-bin Zhao ),( Peter W Dettmar ),( Dong-feng Chen ),( Min Yan 대한소화기 기능성질환·운동학회 2020 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.26 No.1

Background/Aims To determine the value of salivary pepsin in discriminating sub-types of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and GERD-related disorders. Methods Overall, 322 patients with different sub-types of GERD and 45 healthy controls (HC) were studied. All patients took Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Questionnaire (GerdQ) and underwent endoscopy and 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring and manometry. Salivary pepsin concentration (SPC) was detected by using colloidal gold double-antibody immunological sandwich assay. Oral esomeprazole treatment was administrated in the patients with non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) and extra-esophageal symptoms (EES). Results Compared to HC, patients with erosive esophagitis, NERD, EES, EES plus typical GERD symptoms, or Barrett’s esophagus had a higher prevalence of saliva and SPC (all P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the positive rate for pepsin in patients with functional heartburn or GERD with anxiety and depression, compared to HC. After esomeprazole treatment, the positive rate and SPC were significantly reduced in NERD (both P < 0.001) and in EES (P = 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively). Of the 64 NERD patients, 71.9% (n = 46) were positive for salivary pepsin, which was significantly higher than the rate (43.8%, n = 28) of pathological acid reflux as detected by 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring (P = 0.002). Conclusions Salivary pepsin has an important significance for the diagnosis of GERD and GERD-related disorders. Salivary pepsin and 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring may complement with each other to improve the diagnostic efficiency.

A Comparative Study on Ternary Low-Platinum Catalysts with Various Constructions for Oxygen Reduction and Methanol Oxidation Reactions

Yan-Ni Wu,Hai-Fu Guo,Peng Hu,Xiao-Peng Xiao,Zhao-Wang Xiao,Shi-Jun Liao 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2016 NANO Vol.11 No.7

Three types of ternary low-platinum nanocatalysts, alloy PdPtIr/C, core–shell PdPt@PtIr/C and Pd@PtIr/C, have been prepared, and their catalytic behaviors toward methanol oxidation reaction (MOR)/oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are comparatively investigated via cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry analysis in an acidic medium. Through a two-step colloidal technique, the synthesized core–shell structured catalyst PtPd@PtIr/C with alloy core and alloy shell show the best catalytic activity toward MOR and the best poisoning tolerance. The alloy PdPtIr/C catalyst prepared via a one-step colloidal technique exhibits the best performance toward ORR among the three catalysts. All the three catalysts are characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and other characterization techniques.

Heat Transfer Measurements from a Flat Plate to a Swirling Impinging Jet

Xiao Jun Yan,Nader Saniei 대한기계학회 1998 Heat transter conference Vol.5 No.1

史學 : 秦漢時期的捕律考述

염효군 ( Xiao Jun Yan ) 한국중국학회 2008 國際中國學硏究 Vol.11 No.-

Low Counts of γδ T Cells in Peritumoral Liver Tissue are Related to More Frequent Recurrence in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Curative Resection

Cai, Xiao-Yan,Wang, Jia-Xing,Yi, Yong,He, Hong-Wei,Ni, Xiao-Chun,Zhou, Jian,Cheng, Yun-Feng,Jin, Jian-Jun,Fan, Jia,Qiu, Shuang-Jian Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.2

Objectives: TCR-gamma-delta+T cells (${\gamma}{\delta}$ T cells) are non-conventional T lymphocytes that can recognize and eradicate tumor cells. Our previous studies showed that infiltration and function of ${\gamma}{\delta}$ T cells were substantially attenuated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, their prognostic value was not clarified. Methods: The association between ${\gamma}{\delta}$ T cells and the clinical outcomes was determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in a HCC patient cohort (n = 342). Results:Immunohistochemistry showed decreased infiltration of ${\gamma}{\delta}$ T cells in tumoral tissues compared with paired peritumoral tissues. The counts of ${\gamma}{\delta}$ T cells in peritumoral tissues were negatively correlated with tumor size (P = 0.005). Survival analysis showed that the levels of peritumoral ${\gamma}{\delta}$T cells were related to both time to recurrence (TTR) and overall survival (OS) (P = 0.010 and P = 0.036, respectively) in univariate analysis, and related to TTR in multivariate analysis (P = 0.014, H.R. [95% CI] = 0.682 [0.502-0.927]). Furthermore, the level of peritumoral ${\gamma}{\delta}$ T cells showed independent prognostic value for TTR in Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage A patients (P = 0.038, H.R. [95% CI] = 0.727 [0.537-0.984]). However, tumoral ${\gamma}{\delta}$ T cells did not show independent prognostic value for either TTR or OS in HCC patients. Conclusions: Low counts of ${\gamma}{\delta}$ T cells in peritumoral liver tissue are related to a higher incidence of recurrence in HCC and can predict postoperative recurrence, especially in those with early-stage HCC.

A Prognostic Model To Predict Survival In Stage III Colon Cancer Patients Based on Histological Grade, Preoperative Carcinoembryonic Antigen Level and the Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio

Wuxiao, Zhi-Jun,Zhou, Hai-Yan,Wang, Ke-Feng,Chen, Xiao-Qin,Hao, Xin-Bao,Lu, Yan-Da,Xia, Zhong-Jun Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.2

Background: Stage III colon cancer patients demonstrate diverse clinical outcomes. The aim of this study was to develop a prognostic model in order to better predict their survival. Materials and Methods: From 2004 to 2010, 548 patients were retrospectively analyzed, among whom 328 were defined as the study group and the remaining 220 served as a validation group. Clinico-pathologic features, including age, gender, histological grade, T stage, number of positive lymph nodes, number of harvest lymph nodes, pretreatment carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels and pretreatment neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), were collected. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to detect prognostic factors and multivariate analysis was applied to identify independent examples on which to develop a prognostic model. Finally, the model was further validated with the validation group. Results: Histological grade (p=0.002), T stage (p=0.011), number of positive lymph nodes (p=0.003), number of harvested lymph nodes (p=0.020), CEA (p=0.005), and NLR (p<0.001) were found as prognostic factors while histological grade [RR(relative risk):0.632, 95%CI (Confidence interval) 0.405~0.985, p=0.043], CEA (RR:0.644, 95%CI:0.431~0.964, p=0.033) and NLR (RR:0.384, 95%CI:0.255~0.580, p<0.001) levels were independent. The prognostic model based on these three factors was able to classify patients into high risk, intermediate and low risk groups (p<0.001), both in study and validation groups. Conclusions: Histological grade, pretreatment CEA and NLR levels are independent prognostic factors in stage III colon cancer patients. A prognostic model based on these factors merits attention in future clinical practice.

Increased Serotonin Signaling Contributes to the Warburg Effect in Pancreatic Tumor Cells Under Metabolic Stress and Promotes Growth of Pancreatic Tumors in Mice

Jiang, Shu-Heng,Li, Jun,Dong, Fang-Yuan,Yang, Jian-Yu,Liu, De-Jun,Yang, Xiao-Mei,Wang, Ya-Hui,Yang, Min-Wei,Fu, Xue-Liang,Zhang, Xiao-Xin,Li, Qing,Pang, Xiu-Feng,Huo, Yan-Miao,Li, Jiao,Zhang, Jun-Feng Elsevier 2017 Gastroenterology Vol.153 No.1

<P><B>Background & Aims</B></P> <P>Desmoplasia and poor vascularity cause severe metabolic stress in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs). Serotonin (5-HT) is a neuromodulator with neurotransmitter and neuroendocrine functions that contributes to tumorigenesis. We investigated the role of 5-HT signaling in the growth of pancreatic tumors.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>We measured the levels of proteins that regulate 5-HT synthesis, packaging, and degradation in pancreata from Kras<SUP>G12D/+</SUP>/Trp53<SUP>R172H/+</SUP>/Pdx1-Cre (KPC) mice, which develop pancreatic tumors, as well as in PDAC cell lines and a tissue microarray containing 81 human PDAC samples. We also analyzed expression levels of proteins involved in 5-HT synthesis and degradation by immunohistochemical analysis of a tissue microarray containing 311 PDAC specimens, and associated expression levels with patient survival times. 5-HT level in 14 matched PDAC tumor and non-tumor tissues were analyzed by ELISA. PDAC cell lines were incubated with 5-HT and cell survival and apoptosis were measured. We analyzed expression of the 5-HT receptor HTR2B in PDAC cells and effects of receptor agonists and antagonists, as well as HTR2B knockdown with small hairpin RNAs. We determined the effects of 5-HT stimulation on gene expression profiles of BxPC-3 cells. Regulation of glycolysis by 5-HT signaling via HTR2B was assessed by immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation analyses, as well as by determination of the extracellular acid ratio, glucose consumption, and lactate production. Primary PDACs, with or without exposure to SB204741 (a selective antagonist of HTR2B), were grown as xenograft tumors in mice, and SB204741 was administered to tumor-bearing KPC mice; tumor growth and metabolism were measured by imaging analyses.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>In immunohistochemical analysis of a tissue microarray of PDAC specimens, increased levels of TPH1 and decreased level of MAOA, which regulate 5-HT synthesis and degradation, correlated with stage and size of PDACs and shorter patient survival time. We found levels of 5-HT to be increased in human PDAC tissues compared with non-tumor pancreatic tissues, and PDAC cell lines compared with non-transformed pancreatic cells. Incubation of PDAC cell lines with 5-HT increased proliferation and prevented apoptosis. Agonists of HTR2B, but not other 5-HT receptors, promoted proliferation and prevented apoptosis of PDAC cells. Knockdown of HTR2B in PDAC cells, or incubation of cells with HTR2B inhibitors, reduced their growth as xenograft tumors in mice. We observed a correlation between 5-HT and glycolytic flux in PDAC cells; levels of metabolic enzymes involved in glycolysis, the phosphate pentose pathway, and hexosamine biosynthesis pathway increased significantly in PDAC cells following 5-HT stimulation. 5-HT stimulation led to formation of the HTR2B–LYN–p85 complex, which increased PI3K–Akt–mTOR signaling and the Warburg effect by increasing protein levels of MYC and HIF1A. Administration of SB204741 to KPC mice slowed growth and metabolism of established pancreatic tumors and prolonged survival of the mice.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>Human PDACs have increased levels of 5-HT, and PDAC cells increase expression of its receptor, HTR2B. These increases allow for tumor glycolysis under metabolic stress and promote growth of pancreatic tumors and PDAC xenograft tumors in mice.</P>

“格杀勿论”考

闫晓君(염효군, Yan Xiao Jun) 경북대학교 아시아연구소 2008 아시아연구 Vol.- No.3

현재 남아있는 자료로 살펴보자면, “格殺勿論”은 가장 먼저 《唐律》에 집중적으로 전개되어 나타난다. 제1조, 무릇 밤에 이유없이 남의 집에 들어갔는데, 주인이 바로 그 시점에 살해하였다면 논죄하지 않는다(第269條賊盜22 夜無故入人家). 제2조, 장리(將吏) 이하가 죄인을 체포하려고 할 때에, 범인이 무기(仗)를 가지고 대항하였기때문에 체포자가 그를 때려 죽였거나(格殺), 죄인이 도주하여 체포자가 추격하다가 살해한 경우, 역시 살해하는 것을 허락 한다. (第452條捕亡2 罪人持杖拒捍). 제3조, 타인을 구타하여 부러뜨린 이상의 상해(折傷)를 입혔거나 혹은 강도․절도 및 强姦하였다면, 비록 인근의 사람(傍人)이라 하더라도 모두 (犯人을)체포․포박하여 관사에 송치할 수 있는데, 범인이 무기(仗)를 가지고 대항하였다면 체포자가 때려서 죽일 수(格殺) 있고, 무기(仗)를 가지고 또는 맨손으로 도주하는 경우에도 역시 살해할 수 있다(第453條捕亡3 被毆擊奸盜捕法). 이상세 종류의 정황에 맞는 법에 대해서만 죽이는 것을 허락하고, 그 주체로서는“凡人”이라고도 있고, 또한 “將吏”라고도 있다. “범인”은 또 “사주(事主)”와 “주가(主家)”와 “타인(他人)”으로 분류할 수 있다. 이는 지나치게 살인이 남발되는것을 방지하기 위함이고, “格殺勿論”에 대해서 당률은 기본적으로 필요한 제한 의 범위를 설정해 둔 것이다. 당률에서의 “格殺勿論”은 그 연원이 진한대에 연원하는데, 심지어 그 이전의 법률로 소급해 올라갈 수도 있다. 첫번째로, 『周禮』「秋官」〈朝士〉에서는“무릇 마을이나 집에서, 사람을 해치는 도적떼를 죽이는 경우에는 무죄이다”고 되어있다. 鄭司農은 《한률》을 인용하여 말하기를, “만약 다른 사람이 그 당시에 아무 이유없이 집이나 방으로 들어오거나, 마차나 배 위에 올라와서 범법행위를 하려고 한 경우에는 바로 그 시점에 죽이더라도 무죄이다”고 하였다. 한대(漢代)의 정당방위 제도 가운데에는, 법률에 아직 “흑야(黑夜)”와 “백주(白晝)”가 그다지 구분되어 있지 않았고, “집 안”과 그밖의 다른 장소를 그다지 구분하지않았다. 단지 합법적인 이익이 불법적으로 침범을 받게 된다면, 곧 백성이 스스로를 구하도록 허가하였으며, “백성이 도적은 붙잡아 죽이도록” 허락하였으며,이에는 도적은 죽이더라도 백성은 죽이지 않겠다는 의미가 있었다. 두 번째로, 『張家山漢簡』「捕律」에 따르면, “도적이나 죄인을 체포하거나, 체포자를 고소하거나 알리게 하므로, 그들과 격투하거나 살상하게 하거나,몰아붙여서 자살하게 하였다면, 살상한 경우에는 제명하고, 포상을 받게 되는 경우라면 그 포상의 반을 주게 한다”라고 되어있다. 한률의 제명 규정을 보면 “格殺勿論”과 “傷者勿論”외에, 체포한 자에게 장려하는 의미에서 봉작(封爵)을 주기도 하였다. 그밖에도 진한대의 문헌을 살펴보면 “捕斬”이 자주 나타나고 있는데, 주로 도적떼에 대한 것이었으며, 모반이나 대역 등의 비상안건에서 비상의 방법을 채택하는 비상법이다. 첫째는 장리(將吏)나 병졸이 명령을 받아 포참하는 것이요, 다른 하나는 범죄자들이 서로 포참하는 것이 있다. 도적떼 등과 같은 경우에는, 모름지기 군대를 움직여서 포위하여 근절시켰다. 이런 하나의 제도는 당률 가운데에서도 그다지 명백하게 규정되어 있지 않은데, 청대 함풍(咸豊)년간에 이르러 “취지정법(就地正法)”의 제도에서도 역시 서로 방불하게 되었다. 세 번째로, 『春秋公羊』환공6년조 傳의 何休의 注에는, “율문에서는 입자(立子)가 그 어미(母)를 간하면, 보는 즉시 죽이도록 한다”고 되어있다. 당률 가운데에는, 서로 상응하는 조목이 없다. 청조에서는 가경(嘉慶)년간에 법례로써 정해졌는데, “강간하려다 미수에 그친 죄인을, 피해를 입은 부인의 자식이 죽여도 그 죄를 묻지 않는다”고 되어있다. 당률 가운데에서 “밤에 이유없이 남의 집에 들어갔는데(夜無故入人家)”와 “범인이 체포를 거부하다가(罪犯拒捕)”라는 조문은 송원시기에도 큰 변화는 없었는데, 변화가 가장 컸던 경우는 두 번있었다. 하나는 앞에서 인용했던 『당률(唐律)』「포망률(捕亡律)」“인근의 사람(傍人)이라 하더라도 모두 (犯人을) 체포․포박하여 관사에 송치할 수 있는데(傍人皆得捕系)”와 아울러 죄인이 저항 할 경우에 “格殺勿論”하는 원칙인데, 명률에서는 이를 삭제하였으며, 傍人및 도로의 행인 모두에게 체포하는 것을 도와주도록 허락 하지 않았다. 다른 하나는“殺死奸夫”의 증가된 법률 규정이다. 명청률 가운데 “殺死奸夫”는 이 조례를 끊임없이 수정하여 이 시기의 간안(奸案) 가운데에 “格殺勿論”의 조항이 더욱 더 번잡하고 잡다한 것이 더 추가되도록 만들었던 것이다. From the perspective of information available, Kill on the spot with no other admittance came from Laws of the Tang Dynasty first. During the statutes and precedents, it is tree articles about the crime. Firstly, the master could kill the suspected of fender in mind who entre home without reasons at night. Secondly, the judicial officers allow to arrest or kill the escaped criminals or the resist arrest that hold weapon. The last one, the article have allowed intervening party to kill the resist arrest in accusation of Pilferage, Crime of rape and Illicit relations. Above all, the articles permit to kill by once. The Subject is included of the populace and official. The populace is made up of victim of a crime, party in action and intervening party. For abuse of killing, they are requisite restrains in Laws of the Tang Dynasty about the crime of Kill on the spot with no other admittance. The crime of Kill on the spot with no other admittance in Laws of the Tang Dynasty sourced from the Code of Qin and Han. At first, an early literature named Zhouli recorded that if a person robs in Troops, Township and Family, he will be given a guilty of crime. Secretary for Agriculture named Zhengxuan quoted Han Law: No reasons to others house, transportation and abetting others to crime, kill on the spot with no other admittance. In the Han Dynasty, the Code was ordered self-defense system. The article was regardless of the day or night, home or other places. As long as the legitimate rights of criminal violations, allowing people help themselves. The article allows ordinary people to kill thieves. It’s just the meaning of kill the thief not the meaning of murder. Secondly, the following provisions have recorded in arrestment law of Bamboo slips of zhangjiashan. In the process of arrest thieves and criminal suspects as well as report fugitives, if someone killed or injured those people could be exempted from criminal responsibility. In addition, if the offenders were to commit suicide, the man who wanted to arrest him could be exempted from criminal responsibility. The officers involved in arrest conform above two should be bestowed a half. In the Law of Han Dynasty, it is not only recorded Kill on the spot with no other admittance and injured in the spot with no other admittance, but also recorded to give the grant and knighted the officers involved in arrest. Furthermore, the accusation of arrest and decapitation are common to find in the Code of Qin and Han. It is mainly for the following offences: Groups’ theft, Conspire against the state and Crime of lese-majesty. Special cases need special legal provisions. In the view of those cases have a total of two solutions. One is constable for catching offenders under the order to arrest and kill criminals. Another is for criminal suspects arrest and kills between each other. It must be used to the military encirclement for Groups’ theft. This provision in the Laws of the Tang Dynasty does not record clearly. Until the years of Xianfeng in Qing, the system of Punish on the spot is similar with that provision. The third, the book which was explained notes or commentaries with Hexiu named Chunqiugongyang recorded the stories of Huan in 6 years. From the book we can find an article: According to the law to see, if his son found someone was raping his mother can immediately kill this person. This provision in the Laws of the Tang Dynasty does not record. The Qing government had to legislate for precedents in the years of Jiaqing. It recorded that the son of homicide victim could kill the person who attempt of rape immediately. The son of homicide victim could be exempted from criminal responsibility. The article about No reasons to entre home at night and Resist arrest in Laws of the Tang Dynasty are no big changes in Song and Yuan. There are two other great changes occurred in Ming and Qing. Firstly, the government of Ming had deleted these two articles from Laws of the Tang Dyn