Cytological, genetic, and proteomic analysis of a sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) mutant Siyl‑1 with yellow–green leaf color

Tong‑Mei Gao,Shuang‑Ling Wei,Jing Chen,Yin Wu,Feng Li,Li‑Bin Wei,Chun Li,Yan‑Juan Zeng,Yuan Tian,Dong‑Yong Wang,Hai‑Yang Zhang 한국유전학회 2020 Genes & Genomics Vol.42 No.1

Background Both photosynthetic pigments and chloroplasts in plant leaf cells play an important role in deciding on the photosynthetic capacity and efficiency in plants. Systematical investigating the regulatory mechanism of chloroplast development and chlorophyll (Chl) content variation is necessary for clarifying the photosynthesis mechanism for crops. Objective This study aims to explore the critical regulatory mechanism of leaf color mutation in a yellow–green leaf sesame mutant Siyl-1. Methods We performed the genetic analysis of the yellow-green leaf color mutation using the F2 population of the mutant Siyl-1. We compared the morphological structure of the chloroplasts, chlorophyll content of the three genotypes of the mutant F2 progeny. We performed the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and compared the protein expression variation between the mutant progeny and the wild type. Results Genetic analysis indicated that there were 3 phenotypes of the F2 population of the mutant Siyl-1, i.e., YY type with light-yellow leaf color (lethal); Yy type with yellow-green leaf color, and yy type with normal green leaf color. The yellowgreen mutation was controlled by an incompletely dominant nuclear gene, Siyl-1. Compared with the wild genotype, the chloroplast number and the morphological structure in YY and Yy mutant lines varied evidently. The chlorophyll content also significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The 2-DE comparison showed that there were 98 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) among YY, Yy, and yy lines. All the 98 DEPs were classified into 5 functional groups. Of which 82.7% DEPs proteins belonged to the photosynthesis and energy metabolism group. Conclusion The results revealed the genetic character of yellow-green leaf color mutant Siyl-1. 98 DEPs were found in YY and Yy mutant compared with the wild genotype. The regulation pathway related with the yellow leaf trait mutation in sesame was analyzed for the first time. The findings supplied the basic theoretical and gene basis for leaf color and chloroplast development mechanism in sesame.

Proposals for flexural capacity prediction method of externally prestressed concrete beam

Wu-Tong Yan,Liang-Jiang Chen,Bing Han,Feng Wei,Hui-Bing Xie,Jia-Ping Yu 국제구조공학회 2022 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.83 No.3

Flexural capacity prediction is a challenging problem for externally prestressed concrete beams (EPCBs) due to the unbonded phenomenon between the concrete beam and external tendons. Many prediction equations have been provided in previous research but typically ignored the differences in deformation mode between internal and external unbonded tendons. The availability of these equations for EPCBs is controversial due to the inconsistent deformation modes and ignored secondorder effects. In this study, the deformation characteristics and collapse mechanism of EPCB are carefully considered, and the ultimate deflected shape curves are derived based on the simplified curvature distribution. With the compatible relation between external tendons and the concrete beam, the equations of tendon elongation and eccentricity loss at ultimate states are derived, and the geometric interpretation is clearly presented. Combined with the sectional equilibrium equations, a rational and simplified flexural capacity prediction method for EPCBs is proposed. The key parameter, plastic hinge length, is emphatically discussed and determined by the sensitivity analysis of 324 FE analysis results. With 94 collected laboratory-tested results, the effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed, and comparisons with the previous formulas are made. The results show the better prediction accuracy of the proposed method for both stress increments and flexural capacity of EPCBs and the main reasons are discussed.

A fiber beam element model for elastic-plastic analysis of girders with shear lag effects

Wu-Tong Yan,Bing Han,Li Zhu,Yu-Ying Jiao,Hui-bing Xie 국제구조공학회 2019 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.32 No.5

This paper proposes a one-dimensional fiber beam element model taking account of materially non-linear behavior, benefiting the highly efficient elastic-plastic analysis of girders with shear-lag effects. Based on the displacement-based fiber beam-column element, two additional degrees of freedom (DOFs) are added into the proposed model to consider the shear-lag warping deformations of the slabs. The new finite element (FE) formulations of the tangent stiffness matrix and resisting force vector are deduced with the variational principle of the minimum potential energy. Then the proposed element is implemented in the OpenSees computational framework as a newly developed element, and the full Newton iteration method is adopted for an iterative solution. The typical materially non-linear behaviors, including the cracking and crushing of concrete, as well as the plasticity of the reinforcement and steel girder, are all considered in the model. The proposed model is applied to several test cases under elastic or plastic loading states and compared with the solutions of theoretical models, tests, and shell/solid refined FE models. The results of these comparisons indicate the accuracy and applicability of the proposed model for the analysis of both concrete box girders and steel-concrete composite girders, under either elastic or plastic states.

The Prediction Research of Population Density Based on Deep Learning in Grain Stored Insects

Wu Jian-Jun,Dang Hao,Li Miao,Sun Fu-Yan,Zhu Yu-Hua,Zhen Tong,Zou Bing-Qiang 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.9 No.10

Precision of pests, in stored grain insect population density, has been a hot and difficult research in pest detection and control system. The accuracy of prediction of pest density will directly affect to warehouse grain temperature and the food quality etc. In order to improve the accuracy, the paper which using the depth study method, established an insects density prediction mode with the depth of the belief network as the core. The model is applied to the algorithm of deep learning predictive control. According to the temperature and humidity of the grain obtained from the actual measurement and the initial density of the pest, we predicted the pest density. Simulation results show that the root mean square error is small between the predictive value and actual value, high prediction accuracy. The deep learning algorithm is applied to the population density of pests is effective.

High Yield Rhizopus chinenisis Prolipase Production in Pichia pastoris: Impact of Methanol Concentration

Dan Wu,Xiao Wei Yu,Tong Chun Wang,Rui Wang,Yan Xu 한국생물공학회 2011 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.16 No.2

Rhizopus lipases have been successfully expressed in Pichia pastors and different fermentation strategies have been investigated. However, there is no sufficient study on the effects of methanol concentration on the production of Rhizopus lipases in P. pastors. In this study, the lipase from Rhizopus chinensis CCTCC M20102 was expressed under different fed-batch fermentation conditions at methanol concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 3.5 g/L. The lipase activity, stability, and productivities were analyzed. The optimum methanol concentration was 1 g/L, with the highest lipase activity of 2,130 U/mL, without degradation. Additional information was obtained from the analysis of methanol consumption and production rates. The results also suggested that the cell concentration at the end of the glycerol fed-batch phase was very important for cell viability and protease activity.

Uncertainty analysis of containment dose rate for core damage assessment in nuclear power plants

Guohua Wu,Jiejuan Tong,Yan Gao,Liguo Zhang,Yunfei Zhao 한국원자력학회 2018 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.50 No.5

One of the most widely used methods to estimate core damage during a nuclear power plant accident iscontainment radiation measurement. The evolution of severe accidents is extremely complex, leading touncertainty in the containment dose rate (CDR). Therefore, it is difficult to accurately determine coredamage. This study proposes to conduct uncertainty analysis of CDR for core damage assessment. First,based on source term estimation, the Monte Carlo (MC) and point-kernel integration methods were usedto estimate the probability density function of the CDR under different extents of core damage in accidentscenarios with late containment failure. Second, the results were verified by comparing the resultsof both methods. The point-kernel integration method results were more dispersed than the MC results,and the MC method was used for both quantitative and qualitative analyses. Quantitative analysisindicated a linear relationship, rather than the expected proportional relationship, between the CDR andcore damage fraction. The CDR distribution obeyed a logarithmic normal distribution in accidents with asmall break in containment, but not in accidents with a large break in containment. A possible applicationof our analysis is a real-time core damage estimation program based on the CDR

Antitumor bioactivity of porphyran extracted from <i>Pyropia yezoensis</i> Chonsoo2 on human cancer cell lines

He, Dan,Wu, Siya,Yan, Liping,Zuo, Jihui,Cheng, Yang,Wang, Hanfei,Liu, Jian,Zhang, Xu,Wu, Mingjiang,Choi, Jong‐,il,Tong, Haibin John WileySons, Ltd 2019 Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture Vol.99 No.15

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>BACKGROUND</B></P><P><I>Pyropia yezoensis</I>, rich in porphyran, is a medicine‐edible red alga. In the present study, the physicochemical characteristics, conformational states and antitumor activities of a novel porphyran extracted from the high‐yield algal strain <I>Pyropia yezoensis</I> Chonsoo2 and its two degraded derivatives by gamma irradiation were investigated.</P><P><B>RESULTS</B></P><P><I>Pyropia yezoensis</I> porphyran is a water‐soluble, triple‐helical sulfated hetero‐galactopyranose, named PYP. PYP was degraded by gamma irradiation at 20 kGy and 50 kGy, giving two low molecular weight derivatives comprising PYP‐20 and PYP‐50, respectively. PYP with a higher molecular weight has a solution conformation different from PYP‐20 and PYP‐50. Three porphyrans had no toxicity in normal human liver cells (HL‐7702) and showed antitumor effects on Hep3B, HeLa and MDA‐MB‐231. They had better antitumor against HeLa cells, exhibiting a similar inhibition ratio compared to 5‐fluorouracil, with PYP especially exhibiting a higher inhibition ratio than 5‐fluorouracil. With respect to HeLa cells, the different antitumor activities might be related to porphyran molecular weight and solution conformation. Furthermore, the HeLa cell cycle was blocked in the G2/M phase after PYP treatment, leading to cell proliferation inhibition. The induction of cell cycle arrest was related to the changes in the expression of p21, p53, Cyclin B1 and cyclin‐dependent kinase 1.</P><P><B>CONCLUSION</B></P><P><I>Pyropia yezoensis</I> porphyran, as applied to medicine and functional food, could potentially be used as a non‐toxic natural adjuvant in cancer therapy. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry</P>

An Optimization Algorithm for Solving High-Dimensional Complex Functions Based on a Multipopulation Cooperative Bare-Bones Particle Swarm

Liu Cong,Liu Yunqing,Wu Tong,Yan Fei,Zhang Qiong 대한전기학회 2022 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.17 No.4

The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm can easily become trapped in a local optimum when the objective function to be optimized is high-dimensional and complex. A multipopulation, cooperative, bare-bones particle swarm optimization (MCBBPSO) algorithm is proposed to solve this problem. In MCBBPSO, three types of parallel cooperative learning populations are used to optimize the objective function. By adding disturbance factors and adopting an elite reverse learning strategy, the optimization ability of the algorithm is increased. Through the “mirror wall” method, the cross-boundary particles are processed to reduce the loss of particle resources. Experiments using the CEC2013 standard test functions demonstrate the convergence accuracy and speed of the algorithm on high-dimensional and complex objective functions. Finally, MCBBPSO is applied to perform parameter optimization in support vector regression (SVR), and short-term wind speeds are then predicted using the optimized SVR approach to reduce resource consumption in a power grid.

A Novel Selenium- and Copper-Containing Peptide with Both Superoxide Dismutase and Glutathione Peroxidase Activities

Xian Feng Zou,Yue Tong Ji,Gui Gao,Xue Jun Zhu,Shao Wu Lv,Fei Yan,Si Ping Han,Xing Chen,Chang Cheng Gao,Jun Qiu Liu,Gui Min Luo 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2010 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.20 No.1

Effective width of steel-concrete composite beams under negative moments in service stages

Li Zhu,Qi Ma,Wu Tong Yan,Bing Han,Wei Liu 국제구조공학회 2021 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.38 No.4

The effective flange width was usually introduced into elementary beam theory to consider the shear lag effect in steel-concrete composite beams. Previous studies have primarily focused on the effective width under positive moments and elastic loading, whereas it is still not clear for negative moment cases in the normal service stages. To account for this problem, this paper proposed simplified formulas for the effective flange width and reinforcement stress of composite beams under negative moments in service stages. First, a 10-degree-of-freedom (DOF) fiber beam element considering the shear lag effect and interfacial slip effect was proposed, and a computational procedure was developed in the OpenSees software. The accuracy and applicability of the proposed model were verified through comparisons with experimental results. Second, a method was proposed for determining the effective width of composite beams under negative moments based on reinforcement stress. Employing the proposed model, the simplified formulas were proposed via numerical fitting for cases under uniform loading and centralized loading at the mid-span. Finally, based on the proposed formulas, a simplified calculation method for the reinforcement stress in service stages was established. Comparisons were made between the proposed formulas and design code. The results showed that the design code method greatly underestimated the contribution of concrete under negative moments, leading to notable overestimations in the reinforcement stress and crack width.