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Childhood Sexual Abuse and Cortical Thinning in Adults With Major Depressive Disorder
Jinyi Kim(Jinyi Kim),Chanju Lee(Chanju Lee),Youbin Kang(Youbin Kang),Wooyoung Kang(Wooyoung Kang),Aram Kim(Aram Kim),Woo-Suk Tae(Woo-Suk Tae),Byung-Joo Ham(Byung-Joo Ham),Jisoon Chang(Jisoon Chang),Ky 대한신경정신의학회 2023 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.20 No.3
Objective A growing body of evidence reports on the effect of different types of childhood abuse on the structural and functional architecture of the brain. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the differences in cortical thickness according to specific types of childhood abuse between patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and healthy controls (HCs). Methods A total of 61 patients with MDD and 98 HCs were included in this study. All participants underwent T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, and the occurrence of childhood abuse was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. We investigated the association between whole-brain cortical thickness and exposure to any type of childhood abuse and specific type of childhood abuse in the total sample using the FreeSurfer software. Results No significant difference was reported in the cortical thickness between the MDD and HC groups nor between the “any abuse” and “no abuse” groups. Compared to no exposure to childhood sexual abuse (CSA), exposure to CSA was significantly associated with cortical thinning in the left rostral middle frontal gyrus (p=0.00020), left (p=0.00240), right fusiform gyri (p=0.00599), and right supramarginal gyrus (p=0.00679). Conclusion Exposure to CSA may lead to cortical thinning of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, which is deeply involved in emotion regulation, to a greater extent than other types of childhood abuse.
Kim, Gwansik,Kim, Sung Wng,Rim, Hyun Jun,Lee, Hwijong,Kim, Jeongmin,Roh, Jong Wook,Kim, Byung-Wook,Lee, Kyu Hyoung,Lee, Wooyoung Pergamon 2019 Scripta materialia Vol.162 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Nanocomposites can simultaneously enhance the thermoelectric and mechanical properties of thermoelectric materials. Here, we fabricated bulks of Mg<SUB>1.96</SUB>Al<SUB>0.04</SUB>Si<SUB>0.97</SUB>Bi<SUB>0.03</SUB> with monodispersed few-layered reduced graphene oxides utilizing ultrasonic-based wet chemical pulverizing-mixing and spark plasma sintering to improve unfavorable trade-off between thermoelectric performance and mechanical reliability, which is important for commercialization. An unexpected high fracture toughness of ~1.88 MPa m<SUP>1/2</SUP> was observed due to the synergetic effect of the deflection of crack propagation, bridging, and sheet pull-out mechanisms, and a high thermoelectric figure of merit ~0.6 was obtained even for a high content (3 vol.%) of reduced graphene oxides.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Kim, Gwansik,Lee, Hwijong,Rim, Hyun Jun,Kim, Jeongmin,Kim, Kwanlae,Roh, Jong Wook,Choi, Soon-Mok,Kim, Byung-Wook,Lee, Kyu Hyoung,Lee, Wooyoung Elsevier 2018 Journal of alloys and compounds Vol.769 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We prepared Sn nanoparticle-embedded Mg<SUB>1.96</SUB>Al<SUB>0.04</SUB>Si<SUB>0.97</SUB>Bi<SUB>0.03</SUB> nanocomposites and measured their thermoelectric properties and fracture toughness to elucidate the trade-off relationship between thermoelectric and mechanical properties. When Sn nanoparticles (50–150 nm) were introduced at the grain boundaries of the thermoelectric Mg<SUB>1.96</SUB>Al<SUB>0.04</SUB>Si<SUB>0.97</SUB>Bi<SUB>0.03</SUB> matrix, the fracture toughness improved because of the inhibition of crack propagation. However, the power factor deteriorated due to the decrease in carrier mobility. We found that interface (between thermoelectric matrix and nanoparticles) density is a critical factor to determine the mechanical properties as well as thermoelectric transport properties. Optimized values of figure of merit (∼0.66 @ 873 K) and fracture toughness (1.10 MPa m<SUP>1/2</SUP>) were obtained for 0.9 vol % Sn nanoparticle-embedded Mg<SUB>1.96</SUB>Al<SUB>0.04</SUB>Si<SUB>0.97</SUB>Bi<SUB>0.03</SUB> nanocomposite.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We prepared nanocomposites by nanometal decoration and SPS. </LI> <LI> The importance of interface density for improving TE and mechanical properties. </LI> <LI> The effect of the grain growth inhibition by Sn nanoparticles. </LI> <LI> Improved fracture toughness was obtained due to inhibiting crack propagation. </LI> <LI> The importance of precisely controlled nanophase design and synthesis process. </LI> </UL> </P>
Marvelous Agglutinative Language Effect on Cross Lingual Transfer Learning
Wooyoung Kim,Chaerin Jo,Minjung Kim,Wooju Kim 한국지능정보시스템학회 2022 한국지능정보시스템학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.6
E-Commerce Services such as Amazon and Alibaba have international consumers. The languages used in those service are very diverse. In order to provide a product search system to international consumers, it is essential to develop artificial intelligence that captures the semantic similarities among different languages. In this study, we propose a model that captures similarities between various languages as one artificial intelligence model. As for multilingual language models, it is important to select languages for training because of the curse of multilinguality. (Conneau et al., 2020). It is known that using languages with similar language structures is effective for cross lingual transfer learning (Pires et al., 2019). However, we demonstrate that using agglutinative languages such as Korean is more effective in cross lingual transfer learning. This is a great discovery that will change the training strategy of cross lingual transfer learning..
Times to Discontinue Antidepressants Over 6 Months in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder
WooYoung Jung,SaeHeon Jang,SungGon Kim,YoungMyo Jae,BoGeum Kong,HoChan Kim,ByeongMoo Choe,JeongGee Kim,ChoongRak Kim 대한신경정신의학회 2016 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.13 No.4
Objective-The aim of the present study was to investigate differences in discontinuation time among antidepressants and total antidepressant discontinuation rate of patients with depression over a 6 month period in a naturalistic treatment setting. Methods-We reviewed the medical records of 900 patients with major depressive disorder who were initially prescribed only one kind of antidepressant. The prescribed antidepressants and the reasons for discontinuation were surveyed at baseline and every 4 weeks during the 24 week study. We investigated the discontinuation rate and the mean time to discontinuation among six antidepressants groups. Results-Mean and median overall discontinuation times were 13.8 and 12 weeks, respectively. Sertraline and escitalopram had longer discontinuation times than that of fluoxetine, and patients who used sertraline discontinued use significantly later than those taking mirtazapine. No differences in discontinuation rate were observed after 24 weeks among these antidepressants. About 73% of patients discontinued antidepressant treatment after 24 weeks. Conclusion-Sertraline and escitalopram tended to have longer mean times to discontinuation, although no difference in discontinuation rate was detected between antidepressants after 24 weeks. About three-quarters of patients discontinued antidepressant maintenance therapy after 24 weeks.
Nosocomial Transmission of Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome in Korea
Kim, Won Young,Choi, WooYoung,Park, Sun-Whan,Wang, Eun Byeol,Lee, Won-Ja,Jee, Youngmee,Lim, Kyoung Soo,Lee, Hyun-Jung,Kim, Sun-Mi,Lee, Sang-Oh,Choi, Sang-Ho,Kim, Yang Soo,Woo, Jun Hee,Kim, Sung-Han Oxford University Press 2015 Clinical Infectious Diseases Vol. No.
<P>Of the 27 healthcare workers (HCWs) who had contact with a fatally ill patient with severe thrombocytopenia syndrome in Korea (SFTS), 4 who were involved in cardiopulmonary resuscitation complained of fever and were diagnosed with SFTS via seroconversion. Exposure to respiratory secretions, blood, or gowns soiled by body fluids was significantly associated with infection of HCWs.</P>
Flexible artificial synesthesia electronics with sound-synchronized electroluminescence
Kim, Jong Sung,Cho, Sung Hwan,Kim, Kang Lib,Kim, Gwangmook,Lee, Seung Won,Kim, Eui Hyuk,Jeong, Beomjin,Hwang, Ihn,Han, Hyowon,Shim, Wooyoung,Lee, Tae-Woo,Park, Cheolmin Elsevier 2019 Nano energy Vol.59 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Visualization of human senses has been of great interest for developing an emerging interactive display that can artificially stimulate synesthesia with numerous unprecedented applications. Especially, visualization of various daily sound and music, which are much more complicated than human touch, in a form of flexible thin film devices can be a great challenge. We present flexible artificial synesthesia electronics that visualize continuous and complicated sounds. The electronic device is made of a thin composite film of a piezoelectric polymer for sound generation and inorganic electroluminescence (EL) microparticles for direct visualization of input sound signals. Field-induced EL of the microparticles in the device depends upon the source sound wave, making their EL synchronized with sound arising from the piezoelectric actuation. The flexible artificial synesthesia devices with sound-synchronized EL (FASSEL) showed extreme mechanical tolerance that can be repeatedly folded and crumpled with visible sound, allowing a variety of unexplored applications including synchronous sound-lightings and wearable, on-body sound-vision systems to facilitate emotional interaction of human being with sound in a human-friendly form.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Ultra-flexible piezoelectric loudspeakers were developed with sound synchronized EL. </LI> <LI> Piezoelectric polymer composite with EL particles for direct visualization of sound. </LI> <LI> Artificial synesthesia of sound and vision via a single capacitive device platform. </LI> <LI> Silica-encapsulated-ZnS particle was employed for high EL with low leakage current. </LI> <LI> Extreme mechanical tolerance that can be repeatedly folded and crumpled. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Woochul Kim,Il Jin Park,Hyung Joon Kim,Wooyoung Lee,Sam Jin Kim,Chul Sung Kim IEEE 2009 IEEE transactions on magnetics Vol.45 No.6
<P>MnTe layers of high crystalline quality were successfully grown on Si(111) and Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>(0001) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. We have investigated the structure, magnetic and electric transport properties of MnTe layers by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer, physical properties measurement system (PPMS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Characterization of MnTe layers on Si(111) and Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>(0001) substrates by X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed a hexagonal structure of polycrystalline growth for MnTe/Si(111) and epitaxial growth for MnTe/Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> (0001), respectively. Investigation of magnetic properties for MnTe layers showed ferromagnetic properties above room temperature unlike antiferromagnetic bulk MnTe materials. The great irreversibility between zero-field-cooling and field-cooling magnetization were observed. Apparent ferromagnetic hysteresis loops are measured at room temperature. In electro-transport measurements, the temperature dependence of resistivity revealed a noticeable semiconducting behaviors and showed a conduction via variable range hopping (VRH) at low temperature. From XPS results, we assume that the origin of ferromagnetism in samples may be due to the breaking of superexchange antiferromagnetic correlations between Mn spin moments arising from Tellurium vacancies.</P>
Sugar Alcohol, Erythritol has Antioxidant Properties on Miniature Pig Sperm Cryopreservation
Seunghee Kim,Haein Kim,Gahee Kim,Wooyoung Park,Daeyoung Jeong,Wonjae Kim,Daeyoung Kim 한국수정란이식학회 2016 한국수정란이식학회 학술대회 Vol.2016 No.10
Cryopreservation of miniature pig sperm is essential because of high demand of organ transplant in mass production. However, miniature pig sperm are vulnerable to oxidative stress more than other mammals. Erythritol is a naturally occurring sugar alcohol with powerful antioxidant property. Thus, the aim of our study is to verify if erythritol could reduce lipid peroxide and enhance viability of frozen thawed miniature pig sperm. Ejaculated semen samples were frozen with cryoprotectant subjected to erythritol treatment (0, 10, 100, 500 mM). After frozen thawed, spematozoa viability were examined using the computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA) system. The product of lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde (MDA) were quantified using spectrophotometer with DPPH and ABTS assays as ROS scavenger markers. Our result showed that erythritol enhanced sperm viability (p<0.05), reduced lipid peroxides significantly (p<0.05), proving the concentration of 100 mM erythritol to be an effective for lowing oxidative damage. Data from our study suggest that erythritol exhibits significant lipid peroxidation scavenging characteristics which may prevent oxidative damage, enhance viability of frozen thawed sperm and thus could be a effective additive as cryoprotectant.