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Kim, Hyun-Soo,Kim, Na-Rae,Kim, Wankee,Choi, Wonja Springer International 2012 Applied microbiology and biotechnology Vol.95 No.2
<P>Furfural is one of the major inhibitors generated during sugar production from cellulosic materials and, as an aldehyde, inhibits various cellular activities of microorganisms used, leading to prolonged lag time during ethanologenic fermentation. Since Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains tolerant to furfural are of great economic benefit in producing bioethanol, much effort to obtain more efficient strains continues to be made. In this study, we examined the furfural tolerance of transposon mutant strains (Tn 1-5) with enhanced ethanol tolerance and found that one of them (Tn 2), in which SSK2 is downregulated at the transcriptional level, displayed improved furfural tolerance. Such phenotype was abolished by complementation of the entire open reading frame of SSK2, which encodes a mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase kinase of the high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) signaling pathway, suggesting an inhibitory effect of SSK2 in coping with furfural stress. Tn 2 showed a significant decrease in the intracellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and early and high activation of Hog1p, a MAP kinase integral to the HOG pathway in response to furfural. The transcriptional levels of CTT1 and GLR1, two of known Hog1p downstream target genes whose protein products are involved in reducing ROS, were increased by 43 % and 56 % respectively compared with a control strain, probably resulting in the ROS decrease. Tn 2 also showed a shortened lag time during fermentation in the presence of furfural, resulting from efficient conversion of furfural to non-toxic (or less toxic) furfuryl alcohol. Taken together, the enhanced furfural tolerance of Tn 2 is suggested to be conferred by the combined effect of an early event of less ROS accumulation and a late event of efficient detoxification of furfural.</P>
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김옥수,김소선,김경옥,김영애,김희승,박정숙,최원자 노인간호학회 2006 노인간호학회지 Vol.8 No.1
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the needs for paying nursing homes for the middle-aged. Method: The subjects consisted of 365 people aged from 40 to 59 residing in Seoul. The questionnaire was composed of the general characteristics of the subjects, recognition and the intention of utilizing paying nursing homes, expenses of paying nursing homes, the operator of paying nursing homes, environment of paying nursing homes, and the service of paying nursing homes. Result: The frequency of the subjects with intentions of utilizing nursing homes was 48.2%. Gerontological nurse practitioners were preferred as the operators of nursing homes by 72.9% of the subjects. The majority of the subjects hoped to receive medical and nursing service in paying nursing homes. Conclusion: The results indicate that there are needs for high quality, low expense paying nursing homes. Therefore, it is necessary to reflect the needs of the subjects when designing the facility.
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Kim, Seong Keun,Han, Gui Hwan,Seong, Wonjae,Kim, Haseong,Kim, Seon-Won,Lee, Dae-Hee,Lee, Seung-Goo Elsevier 2016 Metabolic engineering Vol.38 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Methods for simple and efficient regulation of metabolic pathway genes are essential for maximizing product titers and conversion yields, and for minimizing the metabolic burden caused by heterologous expression of multiple genes often in the operon context. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) interference (CRISPRi) is emerging as a promising tool for transcriptional modulation. In this study, we developed a regulatable CRISPRi system for fine-tuning biosynthetic pathways and thus directing carbon flux toward target product synthesis. By exploiting engineered <I>Escherichia coli</I> harboring a biosynthetic mevalonate (MVA) pathway and plant-derived terpenoid synthases, the CRISPRi system successfully modulated the expression of all the MVA pathway genes in the context of operon and blocked the transcription of the acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the MVA pathway. This CRISPRi-guided balancing of expression of MVA pathway genes led to enhanced production of (-)-α-bisabolol (C15) and lycopene (C40) and alleviation of cell growth inhibition that may be caused by expression of multiple enzymes or production of toxic intermediate metabolites in the MVA pathway. Coupling CRISPRi to cell growth by regulating an endogenous essential gene (<I>ispA</I>) increased isoprene (C5) production. The regulatable CRISPRi system proved to be a robust platform for systematic modulation of biosynthetic and endogenous gene expression, and can be used to tune biosynthetic metabolic pathways. Its application can enable the development of microbial ‘smart cell’ factories that can produce other industrially valuable products in the future.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A regulatable CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) system was developed. </LI> <LI> Developed CRISPRi system was successfully applied to terpenoid production. </LI> <LI> CRISPRi-guided balancing of MVA pathway greatly enhanced terpenoid production. </LI> <LI> Regulatable CRISPRi system can be a powerful tool for metabolic engineering. </LI> </UL> </P>
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Kim, Sooah,Kim, Jungyeon,Song, Ju Hwan,Jung, Young Hoon,Choi, Il‐,Sup,Choi, Wonja,Park, Yong‐,Cheol,Seo, Jin‐,Ho,Kim, Kyoung Heon WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2016 BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL Vol.11 No.9
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Ethanol, the major fermentation product of yeast, is a stress factor in yeast. We previously constructed an ethanol‐tolerant mutant yeast iETS3 by using the global transcriptional machinery engineering. However, the ethanol‐tolerance mechanism has not been systematically investigated. In this study, global metabolite profiling was carried out, mainly by gas chromatography/time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (GC/TOF MS), to investigate the mechanisms of ethanol tolerance in iETS3. A total of 108 intracellular metabolites were identified by GC/TOF MS and high performance liquid chromatography, and these metabolites were mostly intermediates of the central carbon metabolism. The metabolite profiles of iETS3 and BY4741, cultured with or without ethanol, were significantly different based on principal component and hierarchical clustering analyses. Our metabolomic analyses identified the compositional changes in cell membranes and the activation of glutamate metabolism and the trehalose synthetic pathway as the possible mechanisms for the ethanol tolerance. These metabolic traits can be considered possible targets for further improvement of ethanol tolerance in the mutant. For example, the <I>KGD1</I> deletion mutant, with up‐regulated glutamate metabolism, showed increased tolerance to ethanol. This study has demonstrated that metabolomics can be a useful tool for strain improvement and phenotypic analysis of microorganisms under stress.</P>
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Kim, Seyeon,Kim, Eunae,Lee, Wonjae,Hee Hong, Joon Marcel Dekker 2014 NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES AND NUCLEIC ACIDS Vol.33 No.12
<P>On the basis of the discovery that the threosyl nucleoside phosphonate PMDTA is a potent anti-HIV compound, we synthesized several 4'-trifluoromethyl-5'-deoxyapiosyl nucleoside phosphonic acids and evaluated their anti-HIV activity. An efficient synthetic route was optimized, starting from an α-trifluoromethyl-α,β-unsaturated ester. Glycosylation of the purine nucleosidic bases with a glycosyl donor yielded modified nucleoside intermediates, which were then phosphonated and hydrolyzed to provide the targeted nucleoside analogs. Once synthesized, the anti-HIV and cytotoxic activities of each analog were evaluated. None of the analogs showed significant anti-HIV activity at concentrations up to 100?μM.</P>
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Wonjae Kim Ewha Institute of English and American Studies 2019 Journal of English and American studies Vol.17 No.1
Theresa Hak Kyung Cha’s Dictée (1982) is widely known for avant-garde experimental writing, which causes a zealous controversy in academic discourse between postmodernism and Asian-American discourse. Since Cha’s reflections on language, history, and myth are fragmented and disjunctive, this heteroglossia text provides readers diverse clashes, namely, clashes between English and French, national history and personal history, letters and images, lyric and epic et al. Precisely because of these clashes, the text defies the traditional notion of genre and writing, making readers perplexed and challenging to approach and interpret the text. In other words, the text rejects to be identified in a singular identity and leaves heterogeneous space, which is the point where the text is difficult to be located solely in experimentalism or Asian-American discourse. For both of experimental, postmodern and Asian-American discourses, the text has been approached mainly focusing on the first half of the text, which is a collage of excerpts and images of historical figures—Guan Soon Yu, Hyung Soon Huo, Joan of Arc and St. Thérèse of Lisieux. However, the majority of researches fail to read the text’s juxtaposition between the first half and the latter part of the text, since the latter part is almost inaccessible because of the inexplicable forms and contents. In conjunction with Julia Kristeva’s Revolution in Poetic Language and other essays, I argue that Cha’s artistic text unsettles rigidified, fixed and ideological language system with Cha’s own poetic language. In order to do so, I focus on Cha’s poetic utterances in Dictée, expressed in both the first half and the latter part of the book. Cha’s repetitive poetic utterances are a sound that wishes to find a home, and they wish to recuperate matrilineal language. With this poetic utterance, Cha’s writing records the multiple self(s) over the rigidity and fixity of ideological language and history by resisting to be contained in particular language and history that are deeply entrenched in an ideological discourse.
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