A Study of the Carrying Capacity and Management of Mountainous National Park

Bong Woo Park 한국산림과학회 1986 한국산림과학회지 Vol.72 No.1

The Mountainous National Park is the area where it has the coexisted purposes, use and preservation, which cannot be harmonized. But in recent year, it is natural tendency that the use of the National Park is increasing day by day and the fact is that the side of use than preservation is emphasized. Especially in leisure society as today, even the appointment itself of the National Park is the factor that use can be increased and because it has the great influence affecting to the neighboring community economy including the National Park its neighbors have a marked leaning toward the use of two purposes and insist only development. In fact, the area of most National Park is equipped with the necessary facility to offer convenience of the user. But such necessity causes the increase of the weighted level of use in liaison with the requests of development of its inhabitants. But the National Park, for the original purposes, must keep the balance between use and preservation. Because the natural environmental condition that the National Park has is the product of nature and cannot be produced by human-power the demand cannot be met by the increase of supply even though the requests for the offer of natural environment are increased. Therefore, to keep the balance between use and preservation it is necessary that there should be consideration for the usable side and preservable one of resource, the National Park. This can be said by the concept of social carrying capacity and ecological carrying capacity. Accordingly the concept of carrying capacity of the National Park is formed by the duplicated projections of the ecological carrying capacity and the social one. In addition these carrying capacity of the Mountainous National Parks are used for the efficient management objectives of them and they offer the policy frame necessary for their future purpose. Finally, the results from this research work are as follows: 1. We can define the concept of the carrying capacity of the Mountainous National Park consisting of the total of management objectives, ecological carrying capacity and social carrying capacity as the level which the characteristics of the Mountainous National Park can be maintained without the deterioration in quality of experience of user and ecological environment. 2. The major key points consisting of the concepts of the carrying capacity of the Mountainous National Park necessarily require the establishment of the concrete and clear management objective. 3. The management of the Mountainous National Park, centering around the zoning district, requires the establishment of the levels of management and the followings are required by each level. 1) non-interference. 2) the intensive management. 3) the more intensive management. 4. We must recognize the management objectives of the Mountainous National Park as the limitation of acceptable changes. 5. The concept of the carrying capacity of the Mountainous National Park can use for the policy level deciding the means and strategies for the management of the Mountainous National Park.

장기미집행 공원 부지를 활용한 주거 개발 방안

박현정(Park, Hyun-Jung),양우현(Yang, Woo-Hyun) 한국주거학회 2018 한국주거학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.30 No.1

The purpose of this investigation is to propose a planning method for the possibility of accepting a housing as a utilization plan of a long term unexecuted park site. Currently, the park has been neglected due to lack of financial resources of the local government. In 2009, It is possible to develop a certain area as a non-park facility under condition that the park is built and donated. In the several cities, various projects for development of parks are being carried out, so the standard for securing the publicness of the park is needed. So, I would like to solve the problems such as social conflict with existing residents due to privatization of the park site and formation of park without considering the conditions of the park, and to study how to effectively utilize the park. To do this, we examine the conditions such as location condition, proximity to public transportation, site size, topography, and contact conditions. And we will present realization methods such as land use, development density, appropriate development method considering landscape, efficient housing type, and type of community facility.

Usufruct Rights Conflicts during the Exploitation and Management of Forest Parks in China

Hao Zhang,Bong-woo Park 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2009 Journal of Forest Science Vol.25 No.3

Forest parks are regarded as one of the scientific ways to keep the forest sustainably developed, meanwhile deliver the benefits to the general public. The development of forest parks in China has experienced simply more than 20 years and both the exploitation and management institutions haven’t been set up systematically, which, in reality, reflects as inadequate legislative and policy framework. Without the regulatory guidance and collaborating assistance of environment relating governmental sectors at both national and local levels, it’s inevitable that the development of forest parks in the country would face constant problems and conflicts. Therefore, it might be helpful to sort out this conflicts and problems and further more to work out how to solve the barriers. The research in this report started with introducing the IUCN Protected Areas Categories, the overall current situations in China and compared the definition of forest parks in the country and that in international experience. It is to aim to find out the real usufruct rights conflicts during the exploitation and management of forest parks and the method used in this report is field visit, previous investigation, collecting secondary materials, interview, analysis and comparison. The research result in this report couldn’t cover all the conflict situations during the forest parks’ exploitation and management in China but will provide the analysis of this problem from the legal perspective. Practical application and concerning suggestion will be fully discussed in Part 5 in terms of legislative, social and environmental effects.

근린공원 환경의 만족도가 신체활동과 건강에 미치는 영향 - 창원시 성산구와 의창구를 대상으로 -

박경훈,이우성,김태환,김은정,Park, Kyung-Hun,Lee, Woo-Sung,Kim, Tae-Hwan,Kim, Eun-Jung 한국조경학회 2014 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.42 No.3

본 연구의 목적은 경상남도 창원시를 대상으로 근린공원 환경에 대한 만족도가 신체활동과 건강증진 목적의 공원이용횟수와 체질량지수(BMI)에 의한 건강수준에 미치는 영향을 분석하는 것이다. 설문조사는 창원시 성산구와 의창구 도심지역에 분포하는 8개 근린공원의 이용자와 그 주변에 거주하는 429명의 주민들을 대상으로 실시하였고, 설문분석은 근린공원 환경에 대한 만족도가 신체활동과 건강에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해 일대일대응 선형회귀분석을 활용하였다. 연구결과를 요약하면, 공원을 이용하지 않는 주된 이유는 시간적 여유의 부족, 공원까지의 이동거리와 소요시간, 공원 내 이용시설의 부족 등이고, 공원을 이용하는 주된 이유는 공원까지의 접근성, 걷기 또는 산책, 휴식시설, 수목이나 그늘, 운동공간의 다양성 등으로 나타났다. 공원 이용자의 경우, 공원에서 걷기나 산책을 가장 많이 하고, 주 2회 이상 평균 10분 정도 걸어가서 1시간 정도 운동을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 공원과 그 주변의 물리적 환경 중에서 집에서 공원까지의 거리와 이동하는 가로 환경에 대한 만족도가 높았고, 공원 내 수공간이나 볼거리 등에 대한 만족도가 낮게 나타났다. 다음으로, 운동목적의 공원이용 여부, 공원이용시간, 공원이용의 만족도와 건강증진 효과, 공원까지의 거리, 따른 건강증진 효과만이 유의수준 10% 이내에서 상호관련성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 향후에도 공원의 신체활동과 건강 증진 효과에 대한 실증적 사례노약자들의 공원이용 편이성 등이 유의수준 5% 이내에서 신체활동과 건강증진 목적의 공원이용횟수에 긍정적인 영향을 보였고, 체질량지수와는 공원이용에 를 지속적으로 축적해 나갈 필요가 있으며, 이를 통해서 각종 개발용도로 전환되거나 그 면적이 축소되고 있는 도시지역의 공원 및 녹지공간을 보전 확대시켜 나가고, 신체활동 및 건강증진 장소로서의 기능을 제고하기 위한 공원계획 설계 요소를 도출하는데 근거 자료를 제공하는 것이 가능할 것으로 판단된다. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of satisfaction in neighborhood park environments located in the Changwon-si of Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea, on physical activity, the number of parks used for health improvement, and health levels based on Body Mass Index(BMI). Accordingly, a survey was conducted of 429 nearby residents and users of eight neighborhood parks located in urban areas of Seongsan-gu and Uichang-gu in the Changwon-si. The correlation between the environmental perception of neighborhood parks and physical activity and health, which was observed in the survey results, was analyzed using one-by-one linear regression analysis. By summarizing the study results, it was found that the primary reasons for avoiding park use were lack of time, time and effort required to reach the park(i.e., distance from the park), and lack of facilities within the park. Conversely, the primary reasons for using the park included accessibility, walking or strolling, leisure facilities, trees or shade, and diversity in exercise areas. In the case of park users, walking or strolling was the most common activity in the park. On average, park users walked to the parks for 10 minutes and exercised for an hour at least twice per week. With respect to the physical environment of the parks and surrounding areas, park users showed a high level of satisfaction with the distance between their houses and parks and the street environment. On the contrary, they exhibited low levels of satisfaction with water spaces and sightseeing within the parks. Subsequently, it was shown that the number of people using the parks for physical activities and health improvement was positively influenced(within a 5% significance level) by the intent to use the park for exercise, time spent in the park, satisfaction with park use and health improvement, distance to the park, and the convenience of using the park for the elderly. However, only the health improvement gained from park use was found to exhibit a correlation with BMI at the 10% significance level. Continuous accumulation of practical case studies on physical activities in parks and their health improvement effects is required. Through this, park spaces that are under the threat of reduction or elimination owing to various development plans can be conserved and expanded. Furthermore, such case studies can be used to provide data as the basis for deriving park plans and designs that improve parks' functions as sites of physical activity and health improvement.

근린공원에 대한 환경지각이 이용자의 건강증진인식에 미치는 영향 - 창원시의 8개 근린공원을 대상으로 -

박영은,이우성,정성관,박경훈,Park, Young-Eun,Lee, Woo-Sung,Jung, Sung-Gwan,Park, Kyung-Hun 한국조경학회 2015 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.43 No.1

본 연구는 근린공원에 대한 이용자의 공원지각환경이 건강증진인식에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해 경상남도 창원시의 8개 근린공원을 대상으로 공원별 현장조사 및 설문조사를 실시하였다. 연구결과에 따르면, 먼저 공원별 공원지각환경에서는 대부분의 공원이 집에서 공원까지의 거리와 집에서 공원까지의 길 환경이 높게 평가된 반면, 수공간과 공원 내 다양한 볼거리는 충분하지 못한 것으로 분석되었다. 다음으로 23개의 지각환경 변수들을 요인분석한 결과, 경관성, 안락성, 접근성, 활동성, 편의성, 쾌적성의 6개 요인으로 분류되었다. 이를 토대로 건강증진인식과 지각환경요인과의 관련성을 분석한 결과, 8개 공원 중 4개 공원에서 지각환경요인이 신체적 건강증진인식에 유의한 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 접근성과 활동성이 3개의 공원에서 영향력이 있는 변수로 분석되었다. 또한, 심리적 건강증진인식의 경우, 8개 공원 중 5개 공원에서 유의한 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났으며, 접근성이 4개의 공원에서 영향력이 있는 변수로 평가되었다. 이상과 같은 결과들은 기존의 공원 환경을 개선하고, 새로운 공원을 조성하고자 할 때 효율적인 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of environmental perception in neighborhood parks on user's recognition of health improvement. This study used objective field survey data and subjective user survey data at 8 neighborhood parks in Changwon City. According to the results, the perceptions of distance and street environment from home to park were evaluated highly but the perception of water spaces and various attractions within the parks were rated lowly in most of parks. As a result of factor analysis, 23 environmental perception variables were classified into 6 factors such as scenery, comfort, accessibility, activity, convenience and amenity. For the result of regression analysis between environmental perceptions and user's recognition of health improvement based on 6 factors, the recognition of physical health improvement was significantly influenced from environmental perception factors in 4 parks among 8 parks. 'Accessibility' and 'activity' were analyzed as the meaningful factors in 3 parks. Also, recognition of mental health improvement was significantly influenced from environmental perception factors in 5 parks among 8 parks and especially 'accessibility' was showed as the significant factor in 4 parks. The findings from this study can contribute to improve the physical environments of the present parks and can be a basic data for new park development.

테마파크의 이용실태분석 및 만족도 결정요인에 관한 연구 : 용인 에버랜드를 중심으로 Focused on Yongin Everland

안길전,박길우,이청웅 朝鮮大學校 建設技術硏究所 1999 建設技術硏究 Vol.19 No.2

This study examines and analyzes the cases of theme parks a t home and abroad by referring to the preceding research literatures and the architectural planning and facilities with Everland, a typical theme park in Korea, investigates the satisfaction based on right understanding and examination of using conditions of consumers and then is to provide the basic materials in architectural planning and design of theme park facilities. The items of significant level among 25 items of theme park satisfaction which affect the whole satisfaction of theme park and have a correlation are ten including accessibility, service area, diversification of themes, parking facility, interest of theme, information facility, safety and convenience facilities, spatial formation by themes and confusion of way in and out, of all facilities and these play the important roles of the whole satisfaction, and the suggestions of these results are summarized as follows. 1) Traffic environment evaluation of easy accessibility and parking facilities according to the .increase of vehicles and the effective accessibility and parking facilities related to the uses of bus, subway and private cars should be examined in planning the construction of theme park. 2) It is considered that the service area and convenience facilities to relieve the users' fatigue of the theme park should be secured sufficiently and efficiently. 3) The recognition of all facilities should be enhanced with the installation of clear and effective information facilities at way in and out of each facility and then the architectural planning of theme park should be made after examining the solutions of confusion of each facility with the appropriate layout of popular and unpopular facilities. 4) It is thought that the examination of safety facilities in using all facilities of the theme park is required.

문화유산을 활용한 테마파크형박물관에 관한 연구

박소라(Park, So La),우성호(Woo, Sung Ho) 한국실내디자인학회 2013 한국실내디자인학회논문집 Vol.22 No.6

The number of visitors to historic sites and museums in Korea has been on a rapid decrease and in order to search for creative ways to work on the problem, the study proposed a theme park-typed museum with cultural heritage applied and reviewed spatial strategies for such theme park-typed museums. Applied methods of research of this study are as follows. First, in order to understand definitions and current situations of cultural heritage use and theme park-typed museums, the study went thoroughly over all sorts of literature and reports as well as findings of advance researches on how to make a use of cultural heritage. Based on the results of the investigations, the study determined characteristics of the theme park-typed museums with cultural heritage applied which the study was proposing and the characteristics were categorized by type. Considering those characteristics and types gained in the study, the study looked for cultural heritage-based theme parks and museums in the world which were good enough to be used as research subjects in the study from the aspects of profitability and level of awareness. The study examined those theme parks and museums in the world and in the end, it found out ways to adopt the findings to the situations in Korea and discussed expecting effects as well. As to the characteristics of the theme park-typed museums with cultural heritage applied, the study divided those characteristics into mutual cooperation, location, communicability, authenticity, maintainability, education, durability, narrativity, undailiness, interactivity and leisure. The types were categorized into ride, environment direction, cartoon character and souvenir by attraction pattern. When cultural heritage is used actively, it would improve competitiveness of historic cultural sites and museums in return, making people realize the iterative structure of excavation, conservation, maintenance and use of cultural heritage. That would create many kinds of added values, re-discovering culture of the country. At the same time, it would also create a new value of culture as well. Now, it is important for us to do harder with researches on how to evolve museums and exhibition spaces. Considering that, the study is believed to make a contribution to revival of historic sites and museums in Korea but also establishment of scientific strategies.

테마파크 이벤트프로그램 屬性의 滿足度에 관한 硏究

朴玹祐(Park, Hyun-Woo),孫善美(Son, Seon-Mi) 청운대학교 관광산업연구소 2008 관광산업연구 Vol.2 No.2

In recent years, theme parks and events have become the most favorite modes of the mass tourism and leisure. This article analyses the difference from the satisfaction of event programs' attributes between visitors at two theme parks in Korea. The data were collected from 286 visitors visiting Korea's two representative theme parks regarded to lead the future industry in Korea. The empirical analysis showed that Everland theme park had four more satisfied attributes: 'uniqueness of event program', 'educational achievement', ' smooth progress', and 'safety on the event zone', and Lotteworld theme park had five ones: 'interesting', 'diversity', 'contents appropriate to the event purpose', 'the events everyone can enjoy', 'information'. The findings provide the information on the strength and the weakness of the two theme parks. Although this study has some limitations, future studies should be conducted in this field.

거주지 주변 환경에 대한 인식이 건강증진 목적의 공원이용에 미치는 영향 - 대구광역시 수성구를 대상으로 -

이우성,정성관,박영은,Lee, Woo-Sung,Jung, Sung-Gwan,Park, Young-Eun 한국조경학회 2015 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.43 No.6

본 연구는 건강증진 목적의 공원이용 유무에 따른 거주지 주변 환경 인식의 차이를 살펴보고 거주지 환경인식특성이 공원이용에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 연구대상지는 대구광역시 수성구의 근린공원 및 유원지로 설정하였으며, 총 303명의 설문응답 분석을 통해 결과를 도출하였다. 연구결과를 요약하면, 총 16개의 물리적 환경인식 지표들 중 시장 및 상가시설의 접근성, 대중교통의 이용성, 공원 등 녹지공간의 접근성, 충분한 보도, 횡단해야 하는 도로의 수, 운동인구를 포함한 6개의 지표가 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 공원을 이용할 확률은 공원 등 녹지공간의 접근성에 대한 만족도가 증가할수록 2.326배, 주변에 운동하는 인구가 많을수록 1.701배, 횡단해야 하는 도로의 수가 적을수록 1.617배, 충분한 보도가 설치되어 있다고 인식할수록 1.642배 증가하는 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 건강증진 목적의 공원이용을 활성화하기 위해서는 거주지 주변에 이용 가능한 공원녹지를 확대하고 주민들이 지속적으로 이용할 수 있는 운동 프로그램을 개발하는 것이 중요할 것이다. 또한 주거지와 공원을 연결하는 보행자 전용도로를 계획하는 등 보행의 편의성을 높이기 위한 노력이 필요할 것으로 판단된다. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of neighborhood environmental perception on park use for health. The study area is focused on neighborhood parks in Suseong-gu, Daegu city. The analysis results are based on questionnaires of 303 respondents. According to the results, park use for health improvement was significantly associated with the perceptions of accessibility to a marketplace, availability of public transit, accessibility to the park, enough sidewalks, number of crosswalks, and athletic population. The probability of park use increased by 2.326 times as the satisfaction of accessibility to the park increased. Also, greater athletic population, fewer crosswalks, and more sidewalks lead to increase of park use by 1.701, 1.617, and 1.642 times, respectively. Therefore, it is important to increase the available neighborhood parks around residences and to develop exercise programs that people can use continuously in order to vitalize park use for health improvement. Also, it is necessary to improve the convenience of walking such as development of pedestrian streets or malls between residences and parks.

설악산국립공원 지역의 노루 서식지 이용 특성에 관한 연구

박용수 ( Young Su Park ),이우신 ( Woo Shin Lee ) 한국환경복원기술학회(구 한국환경복원녹화기술학회) 2014 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.17 No.1

This study was conducted to obtain the basic research about Siberian roe deer (Capreolus pygargus), and to establish a conservation area into Seoraksan(Mt.) National Park, South Korea. We recorded Siberian roe deer field signs (bedding sites, feeding areas, feces and tracks etc), and habitat variables such as nearest distance to the watercourse, trails, slope, aspect, forest type and land cover etc. from Jan. 2006 to Dec. 2007 in Seoraksan(Mt.) National Park. According to the research of habitat characteristics of Siberian roe deer inhabited in Seoraksan(Mt.) National Park preferred mixed forest consisted of aged forest and middle-aged forest on the gentle slope which was close to hydrosphere in the middle elevation area of altitude of 400~600m above sea level in Seoraksan(Mt.) National Park. The results indicated that Siberian roe deer appeared to prefer south slope or north slope during the snow season and west or east slope during the non-snow season. The area of most suitable habitat for Siberian roe deer in Seoraksan(Mt.) National Park was 125.8km2 (32% of the total area) followed by 244.3km2 buffer area (62.2% of the total area), and 22.9km2 unsuitable habitat area (5.8% of the total area), which means environmentally unsuitable habitat for Siberian roe deer was rare in Seoraksan(Mt.) National Park. Thus, the area classified as major area in Seoraksan(Mt.) National Park appeared to be most important for the protection of Siberian roe deer.