Cat on a Hot Tin Roof : A Revised American Myth

Thornton, Songok Han,Thornton, William H. 충남대학교 미국학연구소 1991 美國學論文集 Vol.11 No.-

The success of Tennessee Williams as a playwrite came with the postwar era, coinciding exactly with America's full transition to global power and to a social structure based not only on industrial values, but increasingly on suburban, white -collar values. Looking back on this transition, it is hard to recapture the newness of it all, or the guilt in the American mind at having thrown away so much of the Puritan heritage. Events of the McCarthy era illustrate that the Americans of this time were not at ease with themselves. They needed reassurance from their politicians and writers that deep down their success came from their real character, not from greed or graft. They needed, in short, a myth to support their new affluence. At first sight Tennessee Williams would seem a poor candidate for this mythic assignment. His writing was too critical when it came to the materialism of the era. His sympathies were too fixed on the victims of change, such as Blanche Du Bois of A Streetcar Named Desire. In looking at the pain of transition, however, Williams faced what many felt but did not admit. He was conservative in his cultural sympathies, yet he was also a realist. Part of his message was that we cannot turn back the clock, as Brick attempted in Cat on a Hot Tin Roof. As this study will show, Williams's social message is much more optimistic than has often been realized. If, for example, we compare the values of Brick with those of Willy Loman in Miller's Death of a Salesman, we see that happiness is impossible for Loman, while for Brick it is simply a matter of overcoming his youthful obstenance. Time is on Brick's side. Meanwhile Big Daddy offers Brick an alternate model of conduct, and even of courage, in his lecture on the manly art of compromise. Brick, if he will take them, has options that are both profitable and socially respectable. Brick's wife, Maggie, unlike Loman's son Biff, is on the side of full compromise. This does not deny her challenge to the ethics of the times, which is part of Williams' most severe social criticism; but the criticism is blunted by the fact that Maggie is attacking the ethics of former times as well. She believes that most "moral" values are a sham in any age. Only the rich, she contends, can afford the luxury of such pretentions. She herself is a social climber, not a social reformer. The one value she stands by is the honesty to see this sham for what it is. Then, like Big Daddy, she compromises herself without shame.

Association of Genetic Variants in Complement Factor H and Factor H-Related Genes with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Susceptibility

Zhao, Jian,Wu, Hui,Khosravi, Melanie,Cui, Huijuan,Qian, Xiaoxia,Kelly, Jennifer A.,Kaufman, Kenneth M.,Langefeld, Carl D.,Williams, Adrienne H.,Comeau, Mary E.,Ziegler, Julie T.,Marion, Miranda C.,Adl Public Library of Science 2011 PLoS genetics Vol.7 No.5

<▼1><P>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a complex polygenic autoimmune disease, is associated with increased complement activation. Variants of genes encoding complement regulator factor H (CFH) and five CFH-related proteins (CFHR1-CFHR5) within the chromosome 1q32 locus linked to SLE, have been associated with multiple human diseases and may contribute to dysregulated complement activation predisposing to SLE. We assessed 60 SNPs covering the <I>CFH</I>-<I>CFHRs</I> region for association with SLE in 15,864 case-control subjects derived from four ethnic groups. Significant allelic associations with SLE were detected in European Americans (EA) and African Americans (AA), which could be attributed to an intronic <I>CFH</I> SNP (rs6677604, in intron 11, <I>P</I><SUB>meta</SUB> = 6.6×10<SUP>−8</SUP>, OR = 1.18) and an intergenic SNP between <I>CFHR1</I> and <I>CFHR4</I> (rs16840639, <I>P</I><SUB>meta</SUB> = 2.9×10<SUP>−7</SUP>, OR = 1.17) rather than to previously identified disease-associated <I>CFH</I> exonic SNPs, including I62V, Y402H, A474A, and D936E. In addition, allelic association of rs6677604 with SLE was subsequently confirmed in Asians (AS). Haplotype analysis revealed that the underlying causal variant, tagged by rs6677604 and rs16840639, was localized to a ∼146 kb block extending from intron 9 of <I>CFH</I> to downstream of <I>CFHR1</I>. Within this block, the deletion of <I>CFHR3</I> and <I>CFHR1</I> (<I>CFHR3-1</I>Δ), a likely causal variant measured using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, was tagged by rs6677604 in EA and AS and rs16840639 in AA, respectively. Deduced from genotypic associations of tag SNPs in EA, AA, and AS, homozygous deletion of <I>CFHR3-1</I>Δ (<I>P</I><SUB>meta</SUB> = 3.2×10<SUP>−7</SUP>, OR = 1.47) conferred a higher risk of SLE than heterozygous deletion (<I>P</I><SUB>meta</SUB> = 3.5×10<SUP>−4</SUP>, OR = 1.14). These results suggested that the <I>CFHR3-1</I>Δ deletion within the SLE-associated block, but not the previously described exonic SNPs of <I>CFH</I>, might contribute to the development of SLE in EA, AA, and AS, providing new insights into the role of complement regulators in the pathogenesis of SLE.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Author Summary</B></P><P>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease, associated with increased complement activation. Previous studies have provided evidence for the presence of SLE susceptibility gene(s) in the chromosome 1q31-32 locus. Within 1q32, genes encoding complement regulator factor H (CFH) and five CFH-related proteins (CFHR1-CFHR5) may contribute to the development of SLE, because genetic variants of these genes impair complement regulation and predispose to various human diseases. In this study, we tested association of genetic variants in the region containing <I>CFH</I> and <I>CFHRs</I> with SLE. We identified genetic variants predisposing to SLE in European American, African American, and Asian populations, which might be attributed to the deletion of <I>CFHR3</I> and <I>CFHR1</I> genes but not previously identified disease-associated exonic variants of <I>CFH</I>. This study provides the first evidence for consistent association between <I>CFH/CFHRs</I> and SLE across multi-ancestral SLE datasets, providing new insights into the role of complement regulators in the pathogenesis of SLE.</P></▼2>

Synthesis of VO2 (B) nanorods for Li battery application

Ch.V. Subba Reddy,Edwin H. Walker Jr.,S.A. Wicker Sr.,Quinton L. Williams,Rajamohan R. Kalluru 한국물리학회 2009 Current Applied Physics Vol.9 No.6

Vanadium dioxide nanorods were synthesized through a hydrothermal reaction from V2O5 xerogel, poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) and lithium perchlorate (LiClO4). The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electrochemical discharge–charge cycling in lithium battery. SEM images reveal the nanorods to have dimensions on the order of 1–3 ㎛ in length and 10–50 nm in diameter. The measured initial discharge capacity of the lithium battery with a cathode made of VO2 (B) nanorods was 152 mA h/g. Vanadium dioxide nanorods were synthesized through a hydrothermal reaction from V2O5 xerogel, poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) and lithium perchlorate (LiClO4). The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electrochemical discharge–charge cycling in lithium battery. SEM images reveal the nanorods to have dimensions on the order of 1–3 ㎛ in length and 10–50 nm in diameter. The measured initial discharge capacity of the lithium battery with a cathode made of VO2 (B) nanorods was 152 mA h/g.

Hepatic Cirrhosis Occurring in a Young Woodchuck(Marmota monax) Due to Vertical Transmission of Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus(WHV)

Kyu-shik Jeong,정원일,Jae-yong Chung,Mi-young An,Chae-yong Jung,Gyoung-jae Lee,Jong-soo Kang,Byeong-cheol Kang,Young-heun Jee,Bruce H Williams,Young-oh Kwon,Da-hee Jeong 대한수의학회 2003 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.4 No.2

Cirrhosis Occurring in a Young Woodchuck (Marmota monax) Due to Vertical Transmission of Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus (WHV)Da-hee Jeong, Won-il Jeong, Jae-yong Chung, Mi-young An, Chae-yong Jung, Gyoung-jae Lee1, Jong-soo Kang1, Byeong-cheol Kang2, Young-heun Jee3, Bruce H Williams4, Young-oh Kwon5 and Kyu-shik Jeong*College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea1Shinwon Scientific Co., LTD, Research Institute, Suwon, Korea2Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-744, Korea3College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea

Trunk Muscle Strength After Lumbar Spine Fusion: A 12-Month Follow-up

Outi Elina Ilves,Marko Henrik Neva,Keijo Häkkinen,Joost Dekker,William J. Kraemer,Sami Tarnanen,Kati Kyrölä,Jari Ylinen,Kirsi Piitulainen,Salme Järvenpää,Tiina Kaistila,Arja Häkkinen 대한척추신경외과학회 2019 Neurospine Vol.16 No.2

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate changes in trunk muscle strength 12 months after lumbar spine fusion (LSF) compared to preoperative strength. Methods: A total of 194 patients (mean±standard deviation [SD] age, 61±21 years) who underwent LSF participated in this prospective longitudinal study. Physical measurements of the participants were made before surgery and 12 months postoperatively. Isometric trunk extension and flexion strength was measured using a strain-gauge dynamometer in the standing position. Strength changes were calculated. Regression analysis was performed to explore which factors predicted strength levels at 12 months postoperatively. Results: The preoperative mean±SD extension strength was 205±144 N, which increased to 258±142 N (p<0.001) at the 12-month follow-up. Flexion strength increased from 295±172 N to 364±164 N (p<0.001). The preoperative extension/flexion strength ratio was 0.75±0.38 and remained similar (0.73±0.26) at 12 months postoperatively (p=0.39). Conclusion: Although trunk muscle strength increased by 26% for extension and 23% for flexion at the 12-month postoperative follow-up, both values remained objectively low. In addition, flexion strength remained higher than extension strength, which indicates an imbalance between those muscle groups. Age, severe back pain, and low trunk muscle strength before surgery predicted low trunk muscle strength at 1 year after spinal fusion.

Spathius gwangneungensis sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a new larval ectoparasitoid of Anoplophora chinensis (Förster) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Korea

Deok-Seo Ku,Moo-Sung Kim,Frank Hérard,Juli Gould,David W. Williams,Il-Kwon Kim,Ki-Jeong Hong 한국응용곤충학회 2015 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.04

The genus Sphathius is belong to the subfamily Doryctinae in the family Braconidae and are described with >300 species in the world (Shenefelt and Marsh, 1976). This genus is distinguished from other winged Doryctinae by 1) forewings with three submarginal cells; 2) first subdiscal cell of forewing closed; and 3) first metasomal segment petiolate, widening apically, lacking basal wing-like projections, and inserted on propodeum near coxal bases (Marsh, 1997). For the purpose of finding the biological agent for Asian longhorned beetle (ALB; Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky)) and Citrus longhorned beetle (CLB; A. chinensis (Förster)), we had installed the ALB- and CLB-infested sentinel logs to attract parasitoids at experimental field of the Korea National Arboretum during summer season in 2014. Several L1 and L2 CLB larvae were found attacked by braconid larvae that were reared to adult stage. Their larvae are identified to Spathius gwangneungensis sp. nov. belong to the Spathius exarator species group. This new species has special characteristics as following; Body reddish brown or dark reddish brown, body length 2.5~3.7mm and forewing length 2.2~3.0mm in female and body length 2.1~2.6mm and forewing length 1.5~2.0mm in male, hind femur distinctly transversely aciculate dorsally, forewing more or less infuscate with a longitudinal hyaline band medially, vein m-cu of hind wing interstitial, second tergite entirely sculptured without striation, and third to fifth tergites basally sculptured. Ovipositor sheath 0.6 times as long as metasoma.

Burkholderia thailandensis outer membrane vesicles exert antimicrobial activity against drug-resistant and competitor microbial species

Yihui Wang,Joseph P. Hoffmann,Chau-Wen Chou,Kerstin Höner zu Bentrup,Joseph A. Fuselier,Jacob P. Bitoun,William C. Wimley,Lisa A. Morici 한국미생물학회 2020 The journal of microbiology Vol.58 No.7

Gram-negative bacteria secrete outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) that play critical roles in intraspecies, interspecies, and bacteria-environment interactions. Some OMVs, such as those produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, have previously been shown to possess antimicrobial activity against competitor species. In the current study, we demonstrate that OMVs from Burkholderia thailandensis inhibit the growth of drug-sensitive and drug-resistant bacteria and fungi. We show that a number of antimicrobial compounds, including peptidoglycan hydrolases, 4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-(2-nonenyl)- quinoline (HMNQ) and long-chain rhamnolipid are present in or tightly associate with B. thailandensis OMVs. Furthermore, we demonstrate that HMNQ and rhamnolipid possess antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties against methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). These findings indicate that B. thailandensis secretes antimicrobial OMVs that may impart a survival advantage by eliminating competition. In addition, bacterial OMVs may represent an untapped resource of novel therapeutics effective against biofilm- forming and multidrug-resistant organisms.

CRUNCH CFD<SUP>®</SUP> Turbulent Combustion Modeling Capabilities for Rocket Engine Applications

Jongmin Kim(김종민),Hyungchul Jeon(전형철),Sungtae Kim(김성태),Balaji Muralidhar,Andrea C. Zambon,Ashvin Hosangadi,William H. Calhoon, Jr. 한국추진공학회 2018 한국추진공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2018 No.12

This paper provides an overview of the implementation and validation of the Flamelet Generated Manifold (FGM) combustion model into CRUNCH CFD®, CRAFT Tech’s unstructured, high-fidelity CFD solver. The implementation extends over an existing Laminar Flamelet Model (LFM) based lookup approach that has been successfully employed in the past for investigating combustion and wall heat transfer under high-pressure conditions, e.g., in liquid rocket engines. Robustness and accuracy of the FGM approach are demonstrated by studying two canonical flame configurations: (i) a piloted methane/air flame and (ii) a lifted methane flame. Simulation data are compared with past experimental results for validation of the developed approach. As a demonstration of the application of FGM to high-pressure conditions, a simplified setup of a gaseous H₂ and liquid O₂ supercritical combustor is investigated. This study indicates that FGM captures more flame unsteadiness since finite rate chemistry effects are resolved.

Effects of Photoperiod, Temperature, and Fish Size on Oxygen Consumption in the Black Porgy Acanthopagrus schlegeli

장영진,정민환,민병화,William H. N,Lance P. F 한국수산과학회 2005 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.8 No.3

The effects of photoperiod, temperature, and fish size on oxygen consumption (OC) in the black porgy Acanthopagrus schlegeli, a euryhaline marine teleost, were studied using a closed re-circulating seawater system with a respiratory chamber. Fish reared in indoor recirculating sea-water tanks were divided into two groups: small (15.7-55.8 g, mean 38.1±15.9 g) and large (108.7-238.8 g, mean 181.8±54.9 g) fish. The OC of the fish showed a clear diel rhythm, with higher values in the daytime and lower values at night, in accordance with light (09:00-20:59 h) and dark (21:00-08:59 h) cycles. The OC of the fish increased linearly with the water temperature. The OC was the highest at 10:00 h, one hour after the onset of daylight and was the lowest at 03:00 h, six hours after dusk. The average OC at 20°C during the light period was as high as 219.8 mg O2/kg/h in the small fish and 156.3 mg O2/kg/h in the large fish, while during the dark period it was as low as 130.5 and 110.4 mg O2/kg/h, respectively. The OC during the dark period, which showed limited variation, could be regarded as the resting OC, and was 107.6, 130.5, and 219.8 mg O2/kg/h at 15, 20, and 25°C, respectively, in small fish, and 52.3, 110.4, and 171.0 mg O2/kg/h in large fish. As the body weight of black porgy increased, the OC decreased ex-ponentially and the relationship was expressed as OC = 1,222.8BW–0.567, OC = 1,113.2BW–0.448, and OC = 1,495.3BW–0.468 at 15, 20, and 25°C, respectively. At a fish density of 14.5 g/L at 20°C, black porgy had the highest OC per breath compared to fish at the same density at 15 or 25°C. This suggests that the black porgy responds to the stocking density (15 kg/m3) and water temperature (20°C) conditions commonly observed in intensive aquaculture with the deepest breath and the highest metabolic activity.

Bromo-honaucin A inhibits osteoclastogenic differentiation in RAW 264.7 cells via Akt and ERK signaling pathways

( Mahesh Sapkota ),( Liang Li ),( Hyukjae Choi ),( William H Gerwick ),( Yunjo Soh ) 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 2016 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.26 No.-

Osteoclasts are unique bone remodeling cells derived from multinucleated myeloid progenitor cells. They play homeostatic vital roles in skeletal modeling and remodeling but also destroy bone masses in many pathological conditions such as osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Receptor activation of NF-KB li-gand (RANKL) is essential osteclastogenesis. In this study, we investigated the effects of bromo-honaucin A (Br-H A) isolated from Leptolyngbya crossbyana (cyanobacterium). To investigate the me-chanism of the inhibitory effect of Br-H A on osteoclstogenesis. we employed Br-H Ain RANKL-treated murine monocyte/macrophage RAW 264.7 cells for osteoclastic differentiation in-vitro. The inhibitory effects on in-vitro osteoclastogenesis was evaluated by counting the number of Tartarate resistant acid phospatase (TRAP) positive multinucleated cells and by measuring the expression level of osteoclast-specific genes like matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9). cathepsin K (CATH K), GRB2-associated-binding protein 2 (GAB2), c-terminal myc kinase (C-MYC). C-terminal Src kinase (C-SRC) and Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). Moreover, Br-H A blocked the resorbing capacity of RAW 264.7 cells on calcium phosphate-coated plates. Finally, Br-H A clearly decreased the expression of Akt and also decreased the activation of ERK. Thus, the study identifies Br-H A as potent inhibitor potentialin the treatment of diseases involving abnormal bone lysis such as osteoporosis. rheumatoid arthritis, and periodontal bone degradation.