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( Ju Hyun Nam ),( Jeongun Choi ),( Chaiwat Monmai ),( Weerawan Rod-in ),( A-yeong Jang ),( Sangguan You ),( Woo Jung Park ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2022 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.32 No.2
Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer is well known as traditional herbal medicine, and ginseng berries are known to exhibit potential immune-enhancing functions. However, little is known about the in vivo immunomodulatory activity of Korean ginseng berries. In this study, crude Korean ginseng berries polysaccharides (GBP) were isolated and their immunomodulatory activities were investigated using cyclophosphamide (CY)-induced immunosuppressive BALB/c mice. In CY-treated mice, oral administration of GBP (50-500 mg/kg BW) remarkably increased their spleen sizes and spleen indices and activated NK cell activities. GBP also resulted in the proliferation of splenic lymphocytes (coordinating with ConA: plant mitogen which is known to stimulate T-cell or LPS: endotoxin which binds receptor complex in B cells to promote the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines) in a dosedependent manner. In addition, GBP significantly stimulated mRNA expression levels of immuneassociated genes including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in CY-treated mice. These results indicate that GBP is involved in immune effects against CY-induced immunosuppression. Thus, GBP could be developed as an immunomodulation agent for medicinal or functional food application.
김지은,Chaiwat Monmai,Weerawan Rod-in,장아영,유상관,이상민,정석규,박우정 한국미생물·생명공학회 2020 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.30 No.3
In this study we investigated the immune effects of oral administration of anionic macromolecules extracted from Codium fragile (CFAM) and red ginseng extract mixture on the peritoneal macrophage cells in immune-suppressed mice. Cyclophosphamide (CY) induces the immune-suppressed condition. CY-treated mice were orally fed with different concentrations of CFAM supplemented with red ginseng extract and the peritoneal macrophages collected. CY treatment significantly decreased the immune activities of peritoneal macrophages, compared to the normal mice. The administration of CFAM mixed with red ginseng extract significantly boosted the viability of macrophage cells and nitric oxide production of peritoneal macrophages. Further, the oral administration of CFAM mixed with red ginseng extract up-regulated the expression of iNOS, COX-2, and TLR-4 as well as cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ more than the red ginseng-treated group. This study showed that CFAM enhanced the immune activity of red ginseng extract in the peritoneal macrophage cells of immune-suppressed mice. Furthermore, CFAM might be used as a co-stimulant of red ginseng extract through the regulation of macrophage cells for the enhancement of human health and immunity.
Immune-modulation effect of Halocynthia aurantium tunic lipid on RAW264.7 cells
장아영,Chaiwat Monmai,Weerawan Rod-in,김지은,유상관,이태호,박우정 한국식품과학회 2022 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.31 No.1
The current study evaluated the immune-regulatory potential of lipid extract from Halocynthia aurantium tunic on macrophage cells. The results showed that H. aurantium lipid is composed of primarily SFA (68.32%), followed by MUFA and PUFA (17.61% and 14.07%, respectively). Halocynthia aurantium lipid dose-dependently modulated the NO and PGE2 production in RAW264.7 cells without any LPS stimulation. The lipid effectively up-regulated the cytokine expression, including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in RAW264.7 cells. The COX-2 expression as a key biomarker for inflammation was also significantly increased. Conversely, H. aurantium lipid down-regulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Halocynthia aurantium lipid modulated the phosphorylation of NF-κB p-65, p38, ERK, and JNK, indicating that this lipid activated through NF-κB and MAPK pathways. These results provide insight into the immune-regulatory activities of H. aurantium tunic lipid and suggest that H. aurantium tunic may a potential lipid source for immune-regulatory molecules.
Choi JeongUn,Nam Ju Hyun,Rod-in Weerawan,Monmai Chaiwat,Jang A-yeong,You SangGuan,Park Woo Jung 한국미생물·생명공학회 2023 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.33 No.6
Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer), a member of the Araliaceae family, is known as a traditional medicinal plant to have a wide range of health properties. Polysaccharides constitute a major component of Korean ginseng, and its berries exhibit immune-modulating properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the immune effects of crude polysaccharide (GBPC) extracted from Korean ginseng berry on peritoneal macrophages in mice with cyclophosphamide (CY)- induced immunosuppression. BALB/c mice were divided into eight groups: normal control, normal control + CY, levamisole + CY, ginseng + CY, and four concentrations of 50, 100, 250, and 500 mg/kg BW/day of GBPC + CY. Mice were orally administered with samples for 10 days. Immunosuppression was established by treating mice with CY (80 mg/kg BW/day) through intraperitoneal injection on days 4 to 6. The immune function of peritoneal macrophages was then evaluated. Oral administration of 500 mg/kg BW/day GBPC resulted in proliferation, NO production, and phagocytosis at 100%, 88%, and 91%, respectively, close to the levels of the normal group (100%) of peritoneal macrophages. In CY-treated mice, GBPC of 50−500 mg/kg BW/day also dosedependently stimulated the proliferation, NO production, and phagocytosis at 56−100%, 47−88%, and 53−91%, respectively, with expression levels of immune-associated genes, such as iNOS, COX−2, IL−1β, IL−6, and TNF–α, of about 0.32 to 2.87-fold, compared to those in the CY group. GBPC could be a potential immunomodulatory material to control peritoneal macrophages under an immunosuppressive condition.