Fabrication of Al–Ti–B Grain Refiner Using Machining Ti Chips, Reaction Mechanisms and Grain Refinement Performance in Pure Al

Maoliang Hu,Fei Wang,Bo Jiang,Huasheng Wang,Yile Liu,Zesheng Ji 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.6

Al–5Ti–1B grain refiner was successfully prepared with the reaction of Ti chips produced during machining and KBF4inpure aluminum melt. In order to illustrate the reaction mechanism of Ti chips, the effect of different feeding ways and reactiontimes of Ti chips on microstructure and refining performance of Al–5Ti–1B was systematically investigated by opticalmicroscope, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometer. The results show that, in three feeding ways, includingadding Ti chips firstly, adding KBF4firstly and adding both Ti chips and KBF4in the form of prefabricated blocks, the bestrefining performance of Al–5Ti–1B is the feeding way of using the prefabricated block. TiB2and TiAl3as effective heterogeneousnuclei are formed simultaneously around the Ti chips. The average grain size of pure aluminum is refined to about206.80 μm. The reaction time mainly affects the dissolution process of Ti chips and the average size of TiAl3. With the reactiontime from 60 min to 90 min and then to 120 min, the average size of TiAl3increases from 10.74 μm to 14.30 μm and thento 15.39 μm. During the dissolution process, Ti chips undergo a transition from a thermal isolation layer to a supersaturatedzone of Ti atoms. Based on the analysis of the dissolution process of Ti chips, the dissolution model is proposed. Al–5Ti–1B has the best refining performance at 90 min of the reaction time, which can refine pure aluminum to about 223.65 μm.

Proteomic Profiles of Mouse Neuro N2a Cells Infected with Variant Virulence of Rabies Viruses

( Wang Xiao Hu ),( Shou Feng Zhang ),( Cheng Long Sun ),( Zi Guo Yuan ),( Xian Fu Wu ),( Dong Xia Wang ),( Zhuang Ding ),( Rong Liang Hu ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2011 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.21 No.4

We characterized the proteomes of murine N2a cells following infection with three rabies virus (RV) strains, characterized by distinct virulence phenotypes (i.e., virulent BD06, fixed CVS-11, and attenuated SRV9 strains), and identified 35 changes to protein expression using twodimensional gel electrophoresis in whole-cell lysates. The annotated functions of these proteins are involved in various cytoskeletal, signal transduction, stress response, and metabolic processes. Specifically, a-enolase, prx-4, vimentin, cytokine-induced apoptosis inhibitor 1 (CIAPIN1) and prx-6 were significantly up-regulated, whereas Trx like-1 and galectin-1 were down-regulated following infection of N2a cells with all three rabies virus strains. However, comparing expressions of all 35 proteins affected between BD06-, CVS-11-, and SRV9-infected cells, specific changes in expression were also observed. The up-regulation of vimentin, CIAPIN1, prx-4, and 14-3-3 θ/δ, and downregulation of NDPK-B and HSP-1 with CVS and SRV9 infection were ≥2 times greater than with BD06. Meanwhile, Zfp12 protein, splicing factor, and arginine/serine-rich 1 were unaltered in the cells infected with BD06 and CVS- 11, but were up-regulated in the group infected with SRV9. The proteomic alterations described here may suggest that these changes to protein expression correlate with the rabies virus`` adaptability and virulence in N2a cells, and hence provides new clues as to the response of N2a host cells to rabies virus infections, and may also aid in uncovering new pathways in these cells that are involved in rabies infections. Further characterization of the functions of the affected proteins may contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms of RV infection and pathogenesis.

Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Cytoprotective Activities of Lotus Receptacle

Weicheng Hu,Gongcheng Wang,Ting Shen,Yuning Wang,Boran Hu,Xinfeng Wang,Lei Wu,Pengxia Li,Lilian Ji 한국원예학회 2015 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.56 No.5

The nutritional composition (ash, protein, fat, crude fiber, and carbohydrate) and antioxidant activity of lotus receptacles (LRs) were studied. The LRs contained 88.25% carbohydrates, 22.90% crude fiber, 5.79% crude ash, 0.77% crude protein content, and 5.19% crude lipid on a dry weight basis. The ethanolic extract of lotus receptacle (ELR) exerted strong scavenging effects on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical, hydroxyl radical (•OH), superoxide anion (O2-), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), as well as high reducing power. ELR pretreatment effectively elevated cell viability and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in H2O2-treated RAW 264.7 cells. Additionally, ELR had high phenolic and flavonoid contents with values of 318.15 mg gallic acid equivalent/g and 239.06 mg rutin equivalent/g, respectively. Moreover, the bioactivity-guided study of ELR resulted in the isolation and identification of quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (QOG), a dietary flavonoid. QOG exhibited strong DPPH free radical scavenging activity, with an IC50 value of 24.26 μM; docking studies revealed that QOC formed one hydrogen bond with LYS263 in the active site, suggesting it is, in part, responsible for the free activity of LR.

Transcriptome reveals genes involving in black skin color formation of ducks

Lei Wang,Hehe Liu,Bo Hu,Jiwei Hu,Hengyong Xu,Hua He,Chunchun Han,Bo Kang,Lili Bai,Rongping Zhang,Jiwen Wang,Shengqiang Hu,Liang Li 한국유전학회 2021 Genes & Genomics Vol.43 No.2

Background Skin color is colorful for birds, which has been reported to be associated with multi-biological functions, such as crypsis, camoufage, social signaling and mate choice, but little is known about its underlying molecular mechanism. Objective Studies on the major genes afecting the black skin color of ducks. Methods For this purpose, Silver ammonia staining and RNA-seq analysis were carried out to identify the diferences in tissue morphology and gene expressions between black and yellow skin ducks. Results The silver ammonia dyes slice results showed that in the development of black duck, the content of melanin in black skin gradually increased and then decreased, and the content of melanin in yellow and black skin was signifcantly diferent. Through transcriptome, a total of 102 and 84 diferentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identifed in beak skin and web skin, respectively. These DEGs were enriched in melanin biosynthesis and play a critical role in melanogenesis pathway. Co-expression analysis showed that EDNRB2 was the only gene associated with black skin color in DEGs, which was also consistent with qRT-PCR. Conclusions The melanin synthesis pathway dominated by EDNRB2 up-regulated the amount of melanin synthesis, leading to the formation of black skin in ducks.

Right-to-Left Displacement of an Airgun Lead Bullet after Transorbital Entry into the Skull Complicated by Posttraumatic Epilepsy : A Case Report

Chao-bin Wang,Hui Wang,Jun-shuang Zhao,Ze-jun Wu,Hao-dong Liu,Chao-jia Wang,An-rong Li,Dawei Wang,Juntao Hu 대한신경외과학회 2023 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.66 No.5

Penetrating head injury is a serious open cranial injury. In civilians, it is often caused by non-missile, low velocity flying objects that penetrate the skull through a weak cranial structure, forming intracranial foreign bodies. The intracranial foreign body can be displaced due to its special quality, shape, and location. In this paper, we report a rare case of right-to-left displacement of an airgun lead bullet after transorbital entry into the skull complicated by posttraumatic epilepsy, as a reminder to colleagues that intracranial metal foreign bodies maybe displaced intraoperatively. In addition, we have found that the presence of intracranial metallic foreign bodies may be a factor for the posttraumatic epilepsy, and their timely removal appears to be beneficial for epilepsy control.

MicroRNA analysis reveals the role of miR-214 in duck adipocyte differentiation

Wang Laidi,Hu Xiaodan,Wang Shasha,Yuan Chunyou,Wang Zhixiu,Chang Guobin,Chen Guohong 아세아·태평양축산학회 2022 Animal Bioscience Vol.35 No.9

Objective: Fat deposition in poultry is an important factor in production performance and meat quality research. miRNAs also play important roles in regulating adipocyte differentiation process. This study was to investigate the expression patterns of miRNAs in duck adipocytes after differentiation and explore the role of miR-214 in regulating carnitine palmitoyltransferases 2 (CPT2) gene expression during duck adipocyte differentiation. Methods: Successful systems for the isolation, culture, and induction of duck primary fat cells was developed in the experiment. Using Illumina next-generation sequencing, the miRNAs libraries of duck adipocytes were established. miRanda was used to predict differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs and their target genes. The expression patterns of miR-214 and CPT2 during the differentiation were verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot. Luciferase reporter assays were used to explore the specific regions of CPT2 targeted by miR-214. We used a miR-214 over-expression strategy in vitro to further investigate its effect on differentiation process and CPT2 gene transcription. Results: There were 481 miRNAs identified in duck adipocytes, included 57 DE miRNA candidates. And the 1,046 targets genes of DE miRNAs were mainly involved in p53 signaling, FoxO signaling, and fatty acid metabolism pathways. miR-214 and CPT2 showed contrasting expression patterns before and after differentiation, and they were selected for further research. The expression of miR-214 was decreased during the first 3 days of duck adipocytes differentiation, and then increased, while the expression of CPT2 increased both in the transcriptional and protein level. The luciferase assay suggested that miR-214 targets the 3’untranslated region of CPT2. Overexpression of miR-214 not only promoted the formation of lipid droplets but also decreased the protein abundance of CPT2. Conclusion: Current study reports the expression profile of miRNAs in duck adipocytes differentiated for 4 days. And miR-214 has been proved to have the regulator potential for fat deposition in duck. Objective: Fat deposition in poultry is an important factor in production performance and meat quality research. miRNAs also play important roles in regulating adipocyte differentiation process. This study was to investigate the expression patterns of miRNAs in duck adipocytes after differentiation and explore the role of miR-214 in regulating carnitine palmitoyltransferases 2 (CPT2) gene expression during duck adipocyte differentiation.Methods: Successful systems for the isolation, culture, and induction of duck primary fat cells was developed in the experiment. Using Illumina next-generation sequencing, the miRNAs libraries of duck adipocytes were established. miRanda was used to predict differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs and their target genes. The expression patterns of miR-214 and CPT2 during the differentiation were verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot. Luciferase reporter assays were used to explore the specific regions of CPT2 targeted by miR-214. We used a miR-214 over-expression strategy in vitro to further investigate its effect on differentiation process and CPT2 gene transcription.Results: There were 481 miRNAs identified in duck adipocytes, included 57 DE miRNA candidates. And the 1,046 targets genes of DE miRNAs were mainly involved in p53 signaling, FoxO signaling, and fatty acid metabolism pathways. miR-214 and CPT2 showed contrasting expression patterns before and after differentiation, and they were selected for further research. The expression of miR-214 was decreased during the first 3 days of duck adipocytes differentiation, and then increased, while the expression of CPT2 increased both in the transcriptional and protein level. The luciferase assay suggested that miR-214 targets the 3’untranslated region of CPT2. Overexpression of miR-214 not only promoted the formation of lipid droplets but also decreased the protein abundance of CPT2.Conclusion: Current study reports the expression profile of miRNAs in duck adipocytes differentiated for 4 days. And miR-214 has been proved to have the regulator potential for fat deposition in duck.

Influence of Atmospheric Turbulence Channel on a Ghost-imaging Transmission System

Wang, Kaimin,Wang, Zhaorui,Zhang, Leihong,Kang, Yi,Ye, Hualong,Hu, Jiafeng,Xu, Jiaming Optical Society of Korea 2020 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.4 No.1

We research a system of compressed-sensing computational ghost imaging (CSCGI) based on the intensity fluctuation brought by turbulence. In this system, we used the gamma-gamma intensity-fluctuation model, which is commonly used in transmission systems, to simulate the CSCGI system. By setting proper values of the parameters such as transmission distance, refractive-index structure parameter, and sampling rates, the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) performance and bit-error rate (BER) performance are obtained to evaluate the imaging quality, which provides a theoretical model to further research the ghost-imaging algorithm.

Overexpression of the Polygonum cuspidatum PcDREB2A Gene Encoding a DRE-Binding Transcription Factor Enhances the Drought Tolerance of Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana

Hu Hongyan,Wang Xiaowei,Wu Zhijun,Chen Mo,Chai Tuanyao,Wang Hong 한국식물학회 2022 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.65 No.6

Plants have evolved complex signaling networks that enable them to adapt to adverse environmental conditions. The dehydration-responsive element-binding (DREB) transcription factors are important for plant responses to abiotic stresses. In this study, a new member of the AP2/ERF transcription factor gene family, PcDREB2A, was cloned and characterized from Polygonum cuspidatum, a traditional Chinese medicinal herb. PcDREB2A, which includes a typical AP2 domain, was clustered in the A-2 subgroup of the DREB subfamily. At the seedling stage, PcDREB2A expression was induced by cold, salt, and drought stresses. A yeast one-hybrid assay and an analysis of transiently transformed tobacco revealed that PcDREB2A can specifically bind to the DRE motif and transactivate reporter gene expression. Following 200 and 250 mM mannitol treatments, the PcDREB2A-overexpressing Arabidopsis thaliana lines had longer roots and a significantly higher fresh weight than the wild-type plants. Furthermore, under drought stress conditions, the PcDREB2A-overexpressing A. thaliana plants accumulated less malondialdehyde than the control plants. These results indicate that PcDREB2A encodes a novel DREB transcription factor in P. cuspidatum. Furthermore, the data generated in this study may be useful for researchers and breeders interested in genetically engineering plants to increase drought tolerance without inhibiting growth.

Chemical transformation and target preparation of saponins in stems and leaves of Panax notoginseng

Wang, Ru-Feng,Li, Juan,Hu, Hai-Jun,Li, Jia,Yang, Ying-Bo,Yang, Li,Wang, Zheng-Tao The Korean Society of Ginseng 2018 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.42 No.3

Background: Notoginsenoside Ft1 is a promising potential candidate for cardiovascular and cancer disease therapy owing to its positive pharmacological activities. However, the yield of Ft1 is ultralow utilizing reported methods. Herein, an acid hydrolyzing strategy was implemented in the acquirement of rare notoginsenoside Ft1. Methods: Chemical profiles were identified by ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with quadruple-time-of-flight and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF-ESI-MS). The acid hydrolyzing dynamic changes of chemical compositions and the possible transformation pathways of saponins were monitored by ultrahigh-performance LC coupled with tandem MS (UHPLC-MS/ MS). Results and conclusion: Notoginsenoside Ft1 was epimerized from notoginsenoside ST4, which was generated through cleaving the carbohydrate side chains at C-20 of notoginsenosides Fa and Fc, and vinaginsenoside R7, and further converted to other compounds via hydroxylation at C-25 or hydrolysis of the carbohydrate side chains at C-3 under the acid conditions. High temperature contributed to the hydroxylation reaction at C-25 and 25% acetic acid concentration was conducive to the preparation of notoginsenoside Ft1. C-20 epimers of notoginsenoside Ft1 and ST4 were successfully separated utilizing solvent method of acetic acid solution. The theoretical preparation yield rate of notoginsenoside Ft1 was about 1.8%, which would be beneficial to further study on its bioactivities and clinical application.

Political Implication of Economic Reforms: Towards a Chinese Model of Democracy

Wang Hu Ning(왕호영) 한양대학교 아태지역연구센터 1994 중소연구 Vol.18 No.1