SEED PRODUCTION IN NILE TILAPIA Oreochromis niloticus L. AS INFLUENCED BY THE BREEDER’S BEHAVIORAL STRESS RESPONSE DURING ISOLATION

Emmanuel M. Vera Cruz,Eddie Boy T. Jimenez,Bethzaida M. Apongol 한국수산과학회 양식분과 2015 한국수산과학회 양식분과 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.5

Specificity of Multiplex PCR in the Detection of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Seeds

Da-Young Lee,Vera Cruz, C. M. 한국국제농업개발학회 2014 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.26 No.4

종자 등 유전자원의 국가간 교류는 새로운 병원균을 유입시켜 새로운 병을 일으키고 경제적인 손실을 극대화 시킬수 있는 원인을 제공하기 때문에 국가별로 검역이 더욱 강화되고 있는 실정이다. 그러한 연유로 국가별로는 자국에 존재하지 않은 유사한 병원균을 발견할 경우 종자도입을 막고 있어 불필요한 경제적 손실원인이 되기도 한다. 따라서 이러한 손실을 막기위해 각국에 검역소에서는 병원균의 형태적인 감별보다 더 정확한 검정기술이 시급한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 다중PCR을 통하여 한번의 PCR 증폭으로 벼종자에 존재하는 벼흰잎마름병을 일으키는 Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo)과 세균성 줄무늬병을 일으키는 Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzicola (Xoc) 를 검출하고 이 두병원균을 판별할수 있는, 국제미작연구소가 최적화한 다중PCR 검정방법의 실질적 적용성 여부를 검증하기 위한 연구였다. 그 결과 51개의 비병원성이나 Xoo 또는 Xoc 와 유사하며 벼종자에서 분리된 균들은 다중PCR검정에서 어떤 밴드도 증폭하지 않은 반면, 대조구(positive control)에서는 알맞은 band size의 amplicon들을 증폭해냈다. 따라서 본 연구에 사용된 국제미작연구소에서 최적화된 다중 PCR방법 (IRRI-optimized multiplex PCR)은 벼종자에서 발견할수 있는 Xoo와 Xoc 의 존재 여부 뿐만 아니라 이들과 형태적으로 유사하나 비병원성균으로부터 구분해 내는데 탁월한 방법이었음을 확인할 수 있었다. One of the major hurdles faced by numerous quarantine centers is to accurately detect and distinguish non-plant pathogenic bacteria from plant pathogenic bacteria based on colony morphology. Yellow colony-forming, non-plant pathogenic bacteria found in rice seeds are often misidentified as Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc), causal agents of bacterial leaf blight and bacterial leaf streak, respectively. In this study, 51 non-pathogenic, yellow-colony forming, Xoo and Xoc look-alike bacteria isolated from rice seeds, were used to test the specificity of a multiplex PCR for the detection and differentiation of Xoo and Xoc. Four primer pairs used in this multiplex PCR specific for Xanthomonas oryzae (Xo), Xoo and Xoc were used and all 51 isolates did not amplify any band, indicating that they are not Xo, Xoo or Xoc. These results imply that the multiplex PCR used in this study is robust in detecting and differentiating Xoo and Xoc from non-pathogenic, rice seed-associated, yellow colony-forming bacteria.

국내 주요 벼 품종의 한국과 필리핀 도열병 균주에 대한 저항성 평가

노재환,조영찬,오인석,김연규,한성숙,C. Vera Cruz,H. Leung 한국육종학회 2008 한국육종학회지 Vol.40 No.4

Blast resistance of one hundred and thirty-one rice cultivars bred in Korea was tested with thirty Korean isolates and twenty-two Philippines isolates using three screening methods. In the blast nursery conducted in Korea and in the Philippines, average disease index of rice cultivars were 4.6 and 2.2, respectively. Seventy-nine cultivars showed different resistance reaction in Korea and in the Philippines, and 19 cultivars showed the same resistant reaction in two locations. In the seedling test, Korean blast isolates displayed different levels of virulence. 93-093, a Korean isolate, was compatible with 90 cultivars whereas 97-057 showed a compatible reaction with 13 cultivars. Twenty-three cultivars showed high level of resistance against Korean and Philippines isolates but Chucheongbyeo, Heugnambyeo, and Manmibyeo showed susceptible reaction to all blast isolates. Through the sequential planting test in Korea and in the Philippines, Palgongbyeo and Seomjinbyeo displayed durable resistance, and Nagdongbyeo and Gihobyeo showed high level of disease infection over the planting time. These results indicate that blast isolates collected in two countries have different genetic background and number of compatible isolates should be considered in definition the durability of rice cultivar to rice blast.

Physical and chemical variables of the soil of nests of Liometopum apiculatum MAYR in north-central Mexico

Domingo Cruz-Labana José,Antonio Tarango-Arámbula Luis,Luis Alcántara-Carbajal José,Delgado-Alvarado Adriana,Magdalena Crosby-Galván María,Manuel Ruiz-Vera Víctor 한국응용곤충학회 2024 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.27 No.1

Ants are among the organisms that are considered habitat engineers due to their ability to induce changes in the soil. An economically significant ant species is Liometopum apiculatum MAYR, 1870, as its pupae are utilized for human consumption. This ant has been extensively studied using various biological and ecological approaches in diverse habitats across North America. However, there is limited research documenting the properties of the soil in which they nest. The objective of this research was to analyze the physical and chemical properties of soil from Liometopum apiculatum nests and random sites, and to explain how ants can modify the soil in a semi-arid area of north-central Mexico. A sample size of 45 nests distributed in scrub vegetation was determined. Soil samples (2.5 kg) were collected from nests and random sites (20 m in a random direction) at a depth of 20 cm, and aggregates of 3 to 4 cm in length were included during the excavations. The physical variables evaluated were moisture, texture, bulk density and mechanical penetration resistance (MPR); while the chemical ones were pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The variables moisture (p = 0.031), bulk density (p < 0.01), MPR (p = 0.0289); pH (p < 0.001), electrical conductivity (p < 0.01) and organic matter (p < 0.01) had statistical differences between soil from nests and random sites. This research adds to the existing body of knowledge on Liometopum apiculatum by presenting information on the physical and chemical properties of the soil in which they establish their nests.

Bloodstream Infections and Frequency of Pretreatment Associated With Age and Hospitalization Status in Sub-Saharan Africa

Nichols, Chelsea,Cruz Espinoza, Ligia Maria,von Kalckreuth, Vera,Aaby, Peter,Ahmed El Tayeb, Muna,Ali, Mohammad,Aseffa, Abraham,Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten,Breiman, Robert F.,Cosmas, Leonard,Crump, J Oxford University Press 2015 Clinical infectious diseases Vol.61 No.suppl4

<P><B><I>Background.</I></B> The clinical diagnosis of bacterial bloodstream infections (BSIs) in sub-Saharan Africa is routinely confused with malaria due to overlapping symptoms. The Typhoid Surveillance in Africa Program (TSAP) recruited febrile inpatients and outpatients of all ages using identical study procedures and enrollment criteria, thus providing an opportunity to assess disease etiology and pretreatment patterns among children and adults.</P><P><B><I>Methods.</I></B> Inpatients and outpatients of all ages with tympanic or axillary temperatures of ≥38.0 or ≥37.5°C, respectively, and inpatients only reporting fever within the previous 72 hours were eligible for recruitment. All recruited patients had one blood sample drawn and cultured for microorganisms. Data from 11 TSAP surveillance sites in nine different countries were used in the analysis. Bivariate analysis was used to compare frequencies of pretreatment and BSIs in febrile children (<15 years old) and adults (≥15 years old) in each country. Pooled Cochran Mantel–Haenszel odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for overall trends.</P><P><B><I>Results.</I></B> There was no significant difference in the odds of a culture-proven BSI between children and adults among inpatients or outpatients. Among both inpatients and outpatients, children had significantly higher odds of having a contaminated blood culture compared with adults. Using country-pooled data, child outpatients had 66% higher odds of having <I>Salmonella</I> Typhi in their bloodstream than adults (OR, 1.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–2.73). Overall, inpatient children had 59% higher odds of pretreatment with analgesics in comparison to inpatient adults (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.28–1.97).</P><P><B><I>Conclusions.</I></B> The proportion of patients with culture-proven BSIs in children compared with adults was similar across the TSAP study population; however, outpatient children were more likely to have <I>Salmonella</I> Typhi infections than outpatient adults. This finding points to the importance of including outpatient facilities in surveillance efforts, particularly for the surveillance of typhoid fever. Strategies to reduce contamination among pediatric blood cultures are needed across the continent to prevent the misdiagnosis of BSI cases in children.</P>

한국 필리핀 벼흰잎마름병균에 대한 육성품종의 저항성 반응

김기영,신문식,C.N. Vera Cruz,신서호,고종철,김보경,고재권,김정곤 한국국제농업개발학회 2007 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.19 No.3

적 요 벼흰잎마름병 저항성 품종육성의 기초자료로 활용하고자 국내에서 육성된 자포니카 및 통일형 품종을 대상으로 한국․필리핀 레이스 및 근동질유전자 계통을 이용하여 저항성 유전자를 검토하였다. 1. IR24를 유전적 배경으로 한 근동질유전자 계통 IRBB4(Xa4), IRBB5(xa5), IRBB7(Xa7)은 국내 벼흰잎마름병 레이스 K1, K2, K3 및 K3a에 중도저항성 이상의 반응을 보였다. 2. 수원345호, 이리390호 및 밀양95호는 국내 K1, K2, K3 및 K3a 레이스에 모두 이병성이나 필리핀 레이스 9의 저항성 반응을 보였다. 3. Xa1 및 Xa3 유전자를 보유한 근동질유전자 계통과 필리핀 10개의 레이스를 이용하여 K1에만 저항성 반응을 보이는 섬진, 대청, 탐진, 대야 및 남강은 Xa1 유전자를 보유한 품종으로 확인할 수 있었고 K1, K2, K3 레이스 각각에 저항성 반응을 보이는 화영, 화삼, 주남, 호진, 동진1호, 만월 및 새계화는 Xa3 유전자를 보유한 품종으로 확인되었다. 4. 통일형 품종 중 K3a에 대하여 저항성인 IRBB4(Xa4)와 필리핀 레이스에 대하여 동일한 저항성을 보인 품종은 삼강, 태백, 용문 및 한강찰이었다. This study was carried out to get the basic information for identifying resistance genes to Korean and Philippines' bacterial blight. The reaction of resistance for 42 rice varieties were investigated by inoculation with four Korean and ten Philippines' races of bacterial blight. IRBB4(Xa4), IRBB5(xa5), and IRBB7(Xa7) showed a wide-spectrum of resistance to Korean races. Suwon345, Iri390, and Milyang95 used as genetic background of near isogenic lines(NILs) were susceptible to all Korean and Philippines' races except for Philippines' race 9. Seomjin, Daecheong, Tamjin, Daeya, and Namgang which were resistant to race K1 of bacterial blight(BB) proved to have Xa1 gene in consideration of the resistant pattern of NILs having Xa1 gene to Philippines' BB. Hwayeong, Hwasam, Junam, Hojin, Dongjin 1, Manweol, and Saegyehwa resistant to races K1, K2 and K3 of BB proved to have Xa3 gene on the basis of the resistant pattern of NILs having Xa3 gene to Philippines' BB. Samgang, Taebaeg, Yongmoon and Hangangchal of Tongil-type varieties showed the same resistant pattern as IRBB4 carrying Xa4 gene to all Philippines' races.

Paraffin-based ramjet missile preliminary design

Rogerio L.V. Cruz,Carlos A.G. Veras,Olexiy Shynkarenko Techno-Press 2023 Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science Vol.10 No.4

This paper presents a basic methodology and a set of numerical tools for the preliminary design of solid-fueled ramjet missiles. An elementary code determines the baseline system configuration comprised of warhead, guidance-control, and propulsion masses and geometries from specific correlations found in the literature. Then, the system is refined with the help of external and internal ballistics codes. Equations of motion are solved for the flight's ascending, cruising, and descending stages and the internal ballistic set of equations designs the ramjet engine based on liquefying fuels. The combined tools sized the booster and the ramjet sustainer engines for a long-range missile, intended to transport 200 kg of payload for more than 300 km range flying near 14,000 m altitude at Mach 3.0. The refined system configuration had 600 mm in diameter and 8,500 mm in length with overall mass of 2,128 kg and 890 kg/m3 density. Ramjet engine propellant mass fraction was estimated as 74%. Increased missile range can be attained with paraffin-polyethylene blend burning at near constant regression rate through primary air mass flow rate control and lateral 2-D air intakes.

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Cymbopogon citratus Leaf Infusion in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Dendritic Cells: Contribution of the Polyphenols

Artur Figueirinha,Maria Teresa Cruz,Vera Francisco,M. Celeste Lopes,Maria Teresa Batista 한국식품영양과학회 2010 Journal of medicinal food Vol.13 No.3

Cymbopogon citratus, an herb known worldwide as lemongrass, is widely consumed as an aromatic drink, and its fresh and dried leaves are currently used in traditional cuisine. However, little is known about the mechanism of action of C. citratus, namely, the anti-inflammatory effects of its dietary components. Because nitric oxide (NO), produced in large quantities by activated inflammatory cells, has been demonstrated to be involved in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic inflammation, we evaluated the effects of the infusion of dried leaves from C. citratus, as well as its polyphenolic fractions—flavonoid-, tannin-, and phenolic acid-rich fractions (FF, TF, and PAF, respectively)—on the NO production induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in a skin-derived dendritic cell line (FSDC). C. citratus infusion significantly inhibited the LPS-induced NO production and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) protein expression. All the polyphenolic fractions tested also reduced the iNOS protein levels and NO production stimulated by LPS in FSDC cells, without affecting cell viability, with the strongest effects being observed for the fractions with mono- and polymeric flavonoids (FF and TF, respectively). Our results also indicated that the anti-inflammatory properties of FF are mainly due to luteolin glycosides. In conclusion, C. citratus has NO scavenging activity and inhibits iNOS expression and should be explored for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, in particular of the gastrointestinal tract.

Pedigree Indexing of Imported American Brahman Breeder Cattle in the Philippines

Bondac, O.L.,Mercado, C.M.,Vera Cruz, N.C.,Palou, R.N.,Jr, J.S.Server Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1997 Animal Bioscience Vol.10 No.6

Pedigree data were used to predict the performance of 1,166 imported Americas Brahman breeder cattle, composed of 104 bulls and 1,062 heifers with an average age of 24.4 months (range of 17 to 40 months). A total of 13 full sib, 10 maternal half sib, and 228 paternal half sib groups were identified, each with average group size of 2.08, 2.00, and 4.49, respectively. Only 758 (64.9% of total) imported cattle were found to have at least one ancestor with expected progeny differences (EPDs) reported in the Spring 1995 Brahman Sire Summary. Moderate average accuracy values of .71, .69, .52, and .52 for birth weight, weaning weight, yearling weight, and maternal milk, respectively, were noted for EPDs of the ancestors. Prediction equations were derived by multiple regression analysis of available EPDs of sire, paternal grand sire, and maternal grand sire. Based on pedigree indexes that involve various combinations of available ancestral information, the average predicted EPDs (lbs) for imported cattle were $1.76{\pm}0.54$, $14.93{\pm}4.86$, $25.10{\pm}9.50$, and $5.86{\pm}2.08$ for birth weight, weaning weight, yearling weight, and maternal milk, respectively. Significant correlations (p < .05) were also found between sire and son EPDs (+.27) for yearling weight; and between sire and paternal grand sire EPDs for birth weight (+.34), weaning weight (+.51), yearling weight (+.49), and maternal milk (+.55).

Durability of Korean Rice Cultivars against Rice Blast in Philippines

Jae Hwan Roh,Seong Sook Han,Byeong Ryun Kim,C. Vera Cruz,H. Leung 한국육종학회 2005 한국육종학회 학술발표회 발표요지 Vol.37 No.1