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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Ahmed El Tayeb, Muna (검색결과 2 건)
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Nichols, Chelsea,Cruz Espinoza, Ligia Maria,von Kalckreuth, Vera,Aaby, Peter,Ahmed El Tayeb, Muna,Ali, Mohammad,Aseffa, Abraham,Bjerregaard-Andersen, Morten,Breiman, Robert F.,Cosmas, Leonard,Crump, J Oxford University Press 2015 Clinical infectious diseases Vol.61 No.suppl4
<P><B><I>Background.</I></B> The clinical diagnosis of bacterial bloodstream infections (BSIs) in sub-Saharan Africa is routinely confused with malaria due to overlapping symptoms. The Typhoid Surveillance in Africa Program (TSAP) recruited febrile inpatients and outpatients of all ages using identical study procedures and enrollment criteria, thus providing an opportunity to assess disease etiology and pretreatment patterns among children and adults.</P><P><B><I>Methods.</I></B> Inpatients and outpatients of all ages with tympanic or axillary temperatures of ≥38.0 or ≥37.5°C, respectively, and inpatients only reporting fever within the previous 72 hours were eligible for recruitment. All recruited patients had one blood sample drawn and cultured for microorganisms. Data from 11 TSAP surveillance sites in nine different countries were used in the analysis. Bivariate analysis was used to compare frequencies of pretreatment and BSIs in febrile children (<15 years old) and adults (≥15 years old) in each country. Pooled Cochran Mantel–Haenszel odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for overall trends.</P><P><B><I>Results.</I></B> There was no significant difference in the odds of a culture-proven BSI between children and adults among inpatients or outpatients. Among both inpatients and outpatients, children had significantly higher odds of having a contaminated blood culture compared with adults. Using country-pooled data, child outpatients had 66% higher odds of having <I>Salmonella</I> Typhi in their bloodstream than adults (OR, 1.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–2.73). Overall, inpatient children had 59% higher odds of pretreatment with analgesics in comparison to inpatient adults (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.28–1.97).</P><P><B><I>Conclusions.</I></B> The proportion of patients with culture-proven BSIs in children compared with adults was similar across the TSAP study population; however, outpatient children were more likely to have <I>Salmonella</I> Typhi infections than outpatient adults. This finding points to the importance of including outpatient facilities in surveillance efforts, particularly for the surveillance of typhoid fever. Strategies to reduce contamination among pediatric blood cultures are needed across the continent to prevent the misdiagnosis of BSI cases in children.</P>
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Abdelnasser S. S. Ibrahim,Ali A. Al-Salamah,Ahmed Mohamed El-Toni,Mohamed A. El-Tayeb,Yahya B. Elbadawi,Garabed Antranikian 한국생물공학회 2013 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.18 No.6
Recently isolated Cr(VI)-reducing AmphibacillusKSUCr3 whole cells were immobilised in magnetic gels. Magnetic magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles were synthesisedwith an average particle size of 47 nm and 80 electromagneticunit (emu)/g saturation magnetisation. Whole cells wereimmobilised by entrapment in agar, agarose, alginate, orgelatin in the presence or absence of Fe3O4 nanoparticlesfor the preparation of both magnetic and nonmagneticimmobilised cells. Of the gels tested, alginate was selectedas the best immobilisation matrix, and following optimisationof the entrapment process, the immobilisation yield reached92.5%. In addition to the ease of separation and reuse ofthe magnetic cell-containing alginate beads using an externalmagnet, the magnetically immobilised cells showed approximately16% higher Cr(VI) reduction activity compared withnonmagnetic immobilised cells. To improve their physicaland mechanical properties, the magnetic alginate beadswere successfully coated with a dense silica layer usingsol–gel chemistry and Ca(OH)2, an alkaline catalyst fortetraethyl orthosilicate, to avoid leaching of Ca2+ ions. Amphibacillus KSUCr3 cells immobilised in silica-coatedmagnetic alginate beads showed approximately 1.4- to 3.9-fold enhancement of thermal stability compared with freecells. Furthermore, after seven batch cycles, the Cr(VI)reduction activity of free cells decreased to 48%, whereasimmobilised cells still retained 81.1% of their originalactivity. In addition, the Cr(VI)-reduction rate of immobilisedcells was higher relative to free cells, especially at higherCr(VI) concentrations. These results supported the developmentof a novel, efficient biocatalysts for Cr(VI) detoxificationusing a combination of whole cell immobilisation, sol-gelchemistry, and nanotechnology.
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