남한 내 북한이탈주민의 3년간 사회적응 추적 연구 : 2001년부터 2004년까지 생활과 교육을 중심으로 With prioty given to life of North Korea defectors from 2001 to 2004

유시은,전우택,조영아,홍창형,엄진섭 연세대학교 통일연구원 2005 통일연구 Vol.9 No.1

Purpose of this study : In 2001, this study that investigate actual conditions about adaptation degree of Korean social life of the North Korean defectors was carried out to 151 people that succeed in chases among 200 the North Korea defectors answer in study. Purpose of this study is as following. First, we wished to search change aspect of actual conditions about South Korea society adaptation of the North Korean defectors who take part in the first investigation for past 3 years. Second, we wished to search difference of adaptation aspect by populational and social element. Third, We wished to suggest things that can be beaconed to efficient support policy of government or private organization and successful South Korea social adaptation method which support the North Korean defectors on the basis of study finding about change of adaptation aspect of the North Korea defectors. Methods of Study : We designated 200 Panels to study and survey actual adaptation conditions of the North Korean defectors on South Korea society synthetically and for long-term. So, chasing about 151 people was possible in 2004. We are fertilized and supplement the questionnaire forming in 2001 and composed the new questionnaires to part of a life, mental state, Body and health. This study among them investigated a standard of living of the North Korean defectors. In this process, interviewer directly asked and recorded questions to reduce individual variation of people who receive interview. Study Results : Government's residence support policy about North Korean secession inhabitants was generally attained as effective and suitable for North Korean inhabitants' early South Korea settlement. Only, government need to discuss about North Korea secession inhabitants' residence support more variously for long-term. Second, education should be supported more actively and variously. Suitable point of education for their needs should make a effect of vocational training or education maximize. This is a very important part. Third, they need guidance and education that can receive more easily law support. Fourth, medical supports and health cares should be achieved continuously and systematically to them since they arrived in South Korea. To supports and studies North Korean secession inhabitants has the large significance to gain a foothold about reunification of North and south. Their South Korea society adaptation is becoming topic of conversation among South Korean. An atmosphere of unity is elated. And interest degrees about North Korean are actually rising as exchanges between South and North Korean is activated. Therefore, the adaptation study about North Korean secession inhabitants will have to be expanded in studies for South Korean, not to be limited in studies for North Korean.

알쯔하이머형 치매와 혈관성 치매환자에서의 ALDH2와 APOE 유전자의 다형성에 관한 연구

김동홍,김영돈,이창화,엄기춘,김은식,윤경식,김동희 대한생물치료정신의학회 2002 생물치료정신의학 Vol.8 No.2

연구목적: 본 연구는 국내 치매환자들을 대상으로 치매발병의 위험요소가 될 수있는 ALDH2와 APOE 유전자형이 어떤 양상으로 나타나는지 알아보기 위하여 시행되었다. 방 법: 충남 부여군에 위치한 부여노인병원에 입원중인 65세 이상의 알쯔하이머형 치매와 혈관성 또는 혼재성 치매환자 59명(남:19, 녀:40)을 대상으로 ALDH2와 APOE 유전자형을 제한효소법에 의하여 조사하였고 치매유형에 따른 유전자형과 대립유전자의 빈도를 비교하였다. 결 과: 1) 알쯔하이머형 치매환자군에서 혈관성 또는 혼재성 치매환자군보다 ALDH2*(-/2)유전자형의 빈도가 높았으나 통계학적으로 의미있는 차이는 없었다. 2) 알쯔하이머형 치매화자군에서 혈관성 또는 혼재성 치매환자군보다 APOE*(-/ε4) 유전자형의 빈도가 높았으나 통계학적으로 의미있는 차이는 없었다. 3) APOE*ε4와 ALDH2*2를 알쯔하이머병의 균등한 위험대립유전자로 가정하고 각 유전자형의 대립유전자의 수를 점수화하여 각 치매환자군의 위험유전자 전체점수를 비교한 결과 알쯔하이머형 치매환자군에서 점수가 더 높게 나왔으나 통계학적으로 의미있는 차이는 없었다. 결 론: 알쯔하이머형 치매환자군에서 혈관성 또는 혼재성치매치매환자군보다 ALDH2*2와 APOE*ε4 대립유전자의 빈도가 높게 나왔으나 통계학적으로 의미있는 차이는 없었다. A study on gene polymorphism of ALDH2 and APOE in patients with alzheimer's disease and vascular or mixed dementia. Objective : This study was designed to investigate gene polymorphism of ALDH2 and APOE, reported the risk factor of Alzheimer's disease, in korean dementia patients. Method : 59 Patients(male:19, female:40) with dementia, aged 65 and older in Buyeo geriatric hospital located in Buyeo-gun, chungnam, were finally included in this study. gene polymorphism of ALDH2 and APOE was typed with polymerase chain reaction in patients with Alzheimer's desease and vascular or mixed dementia. Results : 1) There was no difference in allelic frequency of ALDH2 gene polymorphism between patients with Alzheimer's disease and vascular or mixed dementia. 2) There was no difference in allelic frequency of APOE gene polymorphism between patients with Alzheimer's disease and vascular or mixed dementia. 3) Supposing APOE*ε4 and ALDH2*2 were equal risk allele of Alzheimer's disease, the sum of score by counting each risk allele was higher in patients with Alzheimer's disease than vascular mixed dementia, however there was no significant difference. Conclusion : The genotype frequency of ALDH2*(-/2) and APOE*(-/ε4) was higher in patients with Alsheimer's disease than vascular or mixed dementia, however there was no significant difference in allelic frequency of gene polymorphism of ALDH2 and APOE between patients with Alzheimer's disease and vascular or mixed dementia.

남한 내 북한이탈주민들의 3년간 사회의식 변화 및 생활 만족도에 대한 추적연구

전우택,유시은,조영아,홍창형,엄진섭,서승원 大韓神經精神醫學會 2006 신경정신의학 Vol.45 No.3

Objectives : The aim of this study was to examine the change in attitudes and satisfaction level of North Korean defectors in South Korea over a 3 year period (2001-2004). Methods : In our first study in 2001, a total of 200 detectors were interviewed. In the follow up study after 3 years, 151 defectors were re-interviewed by an in-person interview. Results : The level of satisfaction to the governmental support policy to defectors decreased significantly. However, the general level of satisfaction increased slightly (from 3.52 to 3.56 ; 5-score scale). This shows that North Korean defectors are stably adapting to South Korean society. The level of satisfaction significantly correlated with the defectors' confusion of the different value systems, the defectors' understanding of the South Korean people, satisfaction with their physical and mental health, and the Prejudice of South Korean people to defectors. In terms of the attitudes, the type of schooling, the military service and the communist party membership in North Korea were not related to the change in attitude. However, there was a significant correlation with gender and age. Women showed a greater change in attitude compared to men. Older people had difficulty in understanding the South Korean people, but they showed little psychological affiliation to North Korea. Moreover, they showed a high level of satisfaction with the economic situation in South Korea and had an optimistic viewpoint for their future than younger people. Even though many defectors attended churches, religion was not associated with the level of satisfaction or their change in attitude. Conclusion : The factors that influence the level of satisfaction and attitudes of North Korean defectors have changed over 3 years. Therefore, the government, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) associated with defectors and the churches need to be more sensitive to these changes and make plans to support the adaptation of defectors to South Korean society.

자가 탈회골의 조직반응에 관한 실험적 연구

김장연,김영조,엄인웅,이동근,이재은 大韓顎顔面成形再建外科學會 1993 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.15 No.3

Many surgeons are on the point of bone excision and reconstruction of the bone defects by autograft. xenograft, and allograft in the treatment fo begin and malignant tumors of bone. Of all type of bone grafts, we received the autograft as the best ideal bone graft. Of autogenic bone graft, replantation of excised autogenic bone for reconstructiong the bone defects has been the ideal method until now, but early bone healing reponses and tumor cell devitalization after replantation of excised autogenic bone have not been identified for clinical applications. So, to evaluate bone healing response after replantation in rabbit's calvarial bone, we divided the experimental group into three groups. Group 1 is a fresh autogenous bone group. Group 2 is a deep frozen group. Group 3 is freeze-dried demineralized group. Obtained result were as followed: 1. Inflammatory cell infiltration appeared at I week and disappeared at 4 weeks in all experimental group, Especially, severe inflammatory cell infiltration showed in fresh autogenous bone group at 2 weeks, Especially, severe inflammatory cell infitration showed n fresh autogenous bone group at 2 week Group 3 is the least showing group on the point of inflammatory cell infiltration. 2. Osteoblastic activity evenly increased upto 4 weeks and maintained to 6 weeks and decreased after this period, especially osteoblastic activity in group 2 is less than group 1 and group 3. We can't discriminate between osteoblastic activity of group 1 and that of group 3. 3. In new bone formation, group 3 was more active than any other groups at early stage, but there were little differences among three experimental groups at later state. 4. Bone resorption around the grafted bone slightly appeared at 1 week and disappeared at 4 weeks in all experimental groups. We can find the more bone resorption in group 2 at 2 weeks than any other groups. We could suggest, as appears from our results, that freeze-dried deminiralized bone graft is the useful bone graft in the clinical applications of excised autogenic bone.

Clinical Aspect of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on HBV Infected Patient

( Young Kul Jung ),( Gi Hyeon Seo ),( Tae Hyung Kim ),( Sun Young Yim ),( Young-sun Lee ),( Ji Hoon Kim ),( Yeon Seok Seo ),( Hyung Joon Yim ),( Jong Eun Yeon ),( Kwan Soo Byun ),( Soon Ho Um ) 대한간학회 2021 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2021 No.1

The Improvement or Regression of Fibrosis after Treatment with Sofosbuvir Plus Ribavirin for HCV Genotype 2 Infection

( Young Kul Jung ),( Tae Hyung Kim ),( Han Ah Lee ),( Sun Young Yim ),( Young-sun Lee ),( Ji Hoon Kim ),( Yeon Seok Seo ),( Hyung Joon Yim ),( Jong Eun Yeon ),( Kwan Soo Byun ),( Soon Ho Um ) 대한간학회 2020 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2020 No.1

Aims: Sofosbuvir (SOF) and ribavirin (RBV) for 12 or 16 weeks is recommended for treatment of patients with HCV genotype (GT) 2 infected patients in KASL guideline based on clinical trials. Whether sustained virological response of HCV infection has any beneficial effect on improvement of liver fibrosis associated with chronic HCV infection remains unclear. We investigated to assess the effects on liver fibrosis of at least 2 years through follow-up liver biopsy and fibroelastography after treatment with sofosbuvir plus ribavirin for HCV G2 infection. Methods: Three tertiary center, prospective observational cohort study evaluates clinical practice data (Korea university Anam, Guro, and Ansan) between January 2015 and December 2019. Clinical data were centrally collected from medical records. The efficacy outcome was sustained virological response 12 weeks after therapy (SVR12). The degree of liver fibrosis was evaluated by APRI score, FIB-4, fibroelestography and paired liver tissue biopsy. Results: 146 patients were visited and 131 patients were treated SOF plus RBV during 12 weeks (n=122) or 16 weeks (n=9). Overall, EVR, ETR, and SVR12 by ITT analysis were 90.0%, 96.2% and 87%. In addition, EVR, ETR, and SVR12 by PP analysis 97.5%, 99.2% and 96.3%, respectively. In subgroup analysis, SVR12 in patients with treatment-naïve and treatment-experience were 97.2% or 94.7%, respectively. SVR12 in patients with and without cirrhosis were 94.4% and 97.4%, respectively. Finally 106 patients showed sutained virological response and follow up 2 year after treatment. The mean APRI score was 0.57 before treatment, but improved to 0.27 at 2 year after treatment (P=0.004). The mean FIB-4 score was 2.15 before treatment, but improved to 1.53 at 2 year after treatment (P=0.004). The mean fibroelastography value was 10.81 kPa before treatment, but improved to 4.75 kPa at 2 year after treatment (P=0.008). Follow-up liver tissue biopsies were done in 8 patients and fibrosis was evaluated by Metavir score (F0-4). Almost all patient except one showed improvement of cirrhosis (≥1 unit decrease in Metavir score, P=0.031). Conclusions: SOF and RBV was safe and effective for treatment of patients with HCV GT2 infection. In patients with sustained virological response 2 year after SOF and RBV, the improvement or regression of liver fibrosis could be observed in biochemical and histological aspect.

Altered Gene Expression and Intracellular Changes of the Viable But Nonculturable State in Ralstonia solanacearum by Copper Treatment

Um, Hae Young,Kong, Hyun Gi,Lee, Hyoung Ju,Choi, Hye Kyung,Park, Eun Jin,Kim, Sun Tae,Murugiyan, Senthilkumar,Chung, Eunsook,Kang, Kyu Young,Lee, Seon-Woo The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2013 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.29 No.4

Environmental stresses induce several plant pathogenic bacteria into a viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state, but the basis for VBNC is largely uncharacterized. We investigated the physiology and morphology of the copper-induced VBNC state in the plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum in liquid microcosm. Supplementation of $200{\mu}M$ copper sulfate to the liquid microcosm completely suppressed bacterial colony formation on culture media; however, LIVE/DEAD BacLight bacterial viability staining showed that the bacterial cells maintained viability, and that the viable cells contain higher level of DNA. Based on electron microscopic observations, the bacterial cells in the VBNC state were unchanged in size, but heavily aggregated and surrounded by an unknown extracellular material. Cellular ribosome contents, however, were less, resulting in a reduction of the total RNA in VBNC cells. Proteome comparison and reverse transcription PCR analysis showed that the Dps protein production was up-regulated at the transcriptional level and that 2 catalases/peroxidases were present at lower level in VBNC cells. Cell aggregation and elevated levels of Dps protein are typical oxidative stress responses. $H_2O_2$ levels also increased in VBNC cells, which could result if catalase/peroxidase levels are reduced. Some of phenotypic changes in VBNC cells of R. solanacearum could be an oxidative stress response due to $H_2O_2$ accumulation. This report is the first of the distinct phenotypic changes in cells of R. solanacearum in the VBNC state.

스마트폰 이용이 은퇴 노인의 구조적 사회관계망에 미치는 영향

엄사랑(Um Sa Rang),최은영(Chio Eun Young),조성은(Cho Sung Eun),최인정(Chio In Jung),김영선(Kim Young Sun) 한국노년학회 2018 한국노년학 Vol.38 No.3

The purpose of this study is to examine the impacts of smartphone use on structured social network types in the Korean elderly population. Data was derived from the 2014 survey of living conditions and welfare needs of Korean older persons collected by Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs. A total of 4,180 participants were selected for the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) analysis. Based on propensity score estimates, the 491 smartphone users (treatment group) and 491 featurephone users (control group) were matched. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between smartphone use and structural social network types. The results showed that among retired older adults, people using smartphone had significantly better structured social networks than those using featurephone even after controlling for covariates. Smartphone users had the higher levels of social contact and social activity. These findings suggested empirical evidence that using smartphone positively affects structured social networks, which might be used as the basis for designing intervention programs to promote social networks and social engagement of retired older adults. 본 연구는 은퇴 이후 노인의 스마트폰 이용이 구조적 사회관계망에 미치는 효과를 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 2014년 노인실태조사 자료를 활용하였으며, 전체 자료 중 은퇴한 노인 4,180명을 대상으로 성향점수매칭(Propensity Score Matching)을 실시한 결과, 최종 분석에는 총 982명(스마트폰 이용자 491명, 피처폰 이용자 491명)이 선정되었다. 이후 t-test와 다중회귀분석(Multiple regression analysis)을 이용하여 스마트폰 이용과 구조적 사회관계망의 관계를 검증하였다. 분석 결과, 스마트폰을 이용하는 은퇴 노인은 일반 피처폰을 이용하는 은퇴 노인에 비해 통계적으로 높은 수준의 구조적 사회관계망을 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 구체적으로, 스마트폰을 이용하는 경우, 일반 피처폰을 이용하는 것보다 높은 빈도의 사회접촉과 높은 수준의 사회활동을 보였다.본 연구는 스마트폰이 구조적 사회적관계망에 주는 긍정적인 효과에 대해 실증적으로 검증하였다는 학문적 의의를 가지며, 은퇴한 노인들의 구조적 사회관계망을 증진시키고 적극적 사회참여를 장려하는 실천적 개입에 중요한 기초자료로서 활용될 수 있다.

Panax Ginseng inhibited HIF-1a activation and inflammatory cytokine in HMC-1 cells activated by phorbol myristate acetate and A23187

Choi, In-Young,Jeong, Hyun-Ja,An, Hyo-Jin,Kang, Tae-Hee,Zo, Chul-Won,Song, Bong-Keun,Park, Eun-Jeong,Kim, Eun-Cheol,Um, Jae-Young,Kim, Hyung-Min,Hong, Seung-Heon Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Research Center 2008 Oriental pharmacy and experimental medicine Vol.8 No.4

This study investigated the role of Panax ginseng (PG) on the phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) + calcium ionophore A23187-induced hypoxia-inducible factor-$1{\alpha}$ (HIF-$1{\alpha}$) activation, phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and inflammatory cytokine production from the human mast cell line, HMC-1. HIF-$1{\alpha}$ and phosphorylation of ERK were observed by Western blotting. The inflammatory cytokine production was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. PG inhibited the PMA+A23187-induced HIF-$1{\alpha}$ expression and the subsequent production of vascular endothelial growth factor. In addition, PG suppressed PMA + A23187-induced phosphorylation of ERK. We also show that the increased cytokines interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ level was significantly inhibited by treatment of PG. In the present study, we report for the first time that PG is an inhibitor of HIF-$1{\alpha}$ and cytokines on the mast cell-mediated inflammatory responses.

수풍순기환 분할처방 투여가 고지방, 고탄수화물 식이로 유발된 비만형 제2형 당뇨병 동물모델에 미치는 영향

박은영,안세영,안영민,엄재영,장형진,이병철,Park, Eun-Young,Ahn, Se-Young,Ahn, Young-Min,Um, Jae-Young,Jang, Hyeung-Jin,Lee, Byung-Cheol 대한한방내과학회 2011 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.32 No.3

Objectives : Recently a lot of research is being done for find antidiabetic medicine which has no side effects. This study aimed to investigate the antidiabetic and antiobesity effects of Supungsunki-hwan partitioned prescriptions on obese type 2 diabetes mouse. Methods : Type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity were induced by Surwit's high fat, high sucrose diet for 8 weeks. Mice were divided into 3 groups of ND (normal diet, n=10) HFD (high fat and high sucrose diet, n=10) and SPP (high fat and high sucrose diet with Supungsunki-hwan partitioned prescriptions, n=10) groups. Body weights were measured every week. After 7 weeks, fasting blood sugar and oral glucose tolerance tests were conducted. After 8 weeks, blood samples of all mice were taken from their heart and analyzed biochemically. At the same time, epididymal fat pad and liver weights were measured. Histological size of white adipocyte were measured as well. Results : Compared with a HFD group, body weight, fructosamine, epididymal fat pad weight and white adipocyte size decreased. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels increased in the SPP group. Conclusions : These results suggest that SPP has antidiabetic and antiobesity effects in high fat, high sucrose diet induced obese mice.