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Why Do Prices Remain Stable in the Bubble and Bust Period?
Takeshi Kimura 한국국제경제학회 2013 International Economic Journal Vol.27 No.2
In spite of a large swing in real output growth in the bubble and bust period, aggregate prices remained relatively stable in Japan. Empirical results show that such price rigidity can be explained by the customer market model combined with financial constraints. The degree of financial constraints that firms face in the bubble and bust period fluctuates significantly, and the impact of financial positions on firms’ prices is counter-cyclical. In booms, liquidity-abundant firms invest in market share by keeping prices down, while in a recession financially constrained firms charge a high price to locked-in customers who remain loyal. Such counter-cyclicality is clearly observed in the pricing behavior of large firms that produce differentiated goods. In contrast, small firms whose product brand is not well established in the market cannot lock in customers, and hence financial constraints do not affect their pricing decisions.
Akira Umemura,Hiroyuki Nitta,Takeshi Takahara,Yasushi Hasegawa,Hirokatsu Katagiri,Shoji Kanno,Megumi Kobayashi,Taro Ando,Taku Kimura,Akira Sasaki 한국간담췌외과학회 2020 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.24 No.4
A 57-year-old Japanese female was considered for living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) due to end-stage liver cirrhosis caused by primary biliary cholangitis with portal vein thrombosis (PVT) formation. A 26-year-old daughter of the patient was selected as a living donor; however, a computed tomography examination revealed trifurcated-type portal vein anomaly (PVA). Preoperative liver volumetry showed that the right lobe graft was necessary for the recipient; therefore, reconstruction of the portal vein bifurcation during LDLT was necessary. We planned to extract the recipient’s own hepatic vein grafts after total hepatectomy, and these would be attached with anterior and posterior portal branches as jump grafts. We performed laparoscopic donor hepatectomy as usual, and the recipient’s hepatic vein grafts were anastomosed on the bench. Then, the liver graft was inserted, and the hepatic vein reconstruction was routinely performed. We confirmed the alignment between the recipient’s portal vein and the bridged hepatic vein graft of the liver graft’s posterior branch, and anastomosed these two vessels. Moreover, we confirmed the front flow and expansion of the reconstructed posterior branch by declamping only the suprapancreatic side of the portal vein. The decision regarding the punch-out location was crucial. We confirmed the alignment between the reconstructed posterior branch and the bridged hepatic vein graft of the anterior branch, and anastomosed these two vessels employing the punched-out technique. In LDLT, liver transplant surgeons occasionally encounter living donors with PVA or recipients with PVT. Our contrivance may be useful when the liver graft needs reconstruction of portal vein bifurcation.
Atomic Force Microscopic Study of Chitinase Binding onto Chitin and Cellulose Surfaces
Kikkawa, Yoshihiro,Fukuda, Masato,Kimura, Tomoya,Kashiwada, Ayumi,Matsuda, Kiyomi,Kanesato, Masatoshi,Wada, Masahisa,Imanaka, Tadayuki,Tanaka, Takeshi American Chemical Society 2014 Biomacromolecules Vol.15 No.3
<P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/bomaf6/2014/bomaf6.2014.15.issue-3/bm500046f/production/images/medium/bm-2014-00046f_0004.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/bm500046f'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Kotaro Shimura,Seiji Mabuchi,Takeshi Yokoi,Tomoyuki Sasano,Kenjirou Sawada,Toshimitsu Hamasaki,Tadashi Kimura 대한부인종양학회 2013 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.24 No.4
Objective: To investigate the utility of serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag) levels upon the diagnosis of recurrent cervical cancer for decision making in patient management. Methods: Clinical records from 167 cervical cancer patients who developed recurrence between April 1996 and September 2010 were reviewed. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to investigate the prognostic significance of serum SCC-Ag levels at the time of recurrence. The effects of various salvage treatments on survival outcomes of recurrent cervical cancer were examined with respect to serum SCC-Ag levels. Results: Serum SCC-Ag levels were elevated (>2.0 ng/mL) in 125 patients (75%) when recurrence was diagnosed. These patients exhibited significantly shorter postrecurrence survival than those with normal SCC-Ag levels (log-rank; p=0.033). Multivariate analyses revealed that an elevated serum SCC-Ag level was an independent prognostic factor for poor postrecurrence survival. In patients with SCC-Ag levels <14.0 ng/mL, radiotherapy or surgery resulted in improved survival compared with chemotherapy or supportive care. In contrast, in patients with SCC-Ag levels of ≥14.0 ng/mL, salvage treatment with radiotherapy had only a minimal impact on postrecurrence survival. Conclusion: The serum SCC-Ag level measured when cervical cancer recurrence is diagnosed can be useful for deciding upon the appropriate salvage treatment.
MASUNO, Koichi,FUKUDA, Yasuhiro,KUBO, Masahito,IKARASHI, Ryo,KURAISHI, Takeshi,HATTORI, Shosaku,KIMURA, Junpei,KAI, Chieko,YANAI, Tokuma,NAKAI, Yutaka The Japanese Society of Veterinary Science 2014 The Journal of veterinary medical science Vol.76 No.2
<P><B>ABSTRACT</B></P><P><I>Cryptosporidium andersoni</I> and <I>Cryptosporidium muris</I> infections have been found in the mice and/or cattle. The oocysts of <I>C. andersoni</I> and <I>C. muris</I> have been sporadically detected in human feces, but the infectious capacity and features have been unknown, because of the scarcity of reports involving human infections. To assess the infectivity and the clinical and pathological features of <I>C. andersoni</I> and <I>C. muris</I> in primates, an experimental infectious study was conducted using cynomolgus monkeys. The monkeys were orally inoculated with oocysts of two different <I>C. andersoni</I> Kawatabi types and <I>C. muris</I> RN-66 under normal and immunosuppressive conditions. The feces of the monkeys were monitored for about 40 days after the administration of oocysts using the flotation method, but no shedding oocysts were observed under either both normal or immunosuppressive conditions. Gross and histopathological examinations were performed on the immunosuppressive monkeys, but these revealed no evidence of <I>Cryptosporidium</I> infections, even though the monkeys were subjected to immunosuppressive conditions. It is hypothesized that <I>C. andersoni</I> and <I>C. muris</I> pose little danger of infection in primates even under immunosuppressive conditions.</P>
( Satoko Matsuzaki ),( Shinya Matsuzaki ),( Yutaka Ueda ),( Tomomi Egawa Takata ),( Kazuya Mimura ),( Takeshi Kanagawa ),( Eiichi Morii ),( Tadashi Kimura ) 대한산부인과학회 2014 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.57 No.5
Placenta previa presents a highest risk to pregnancy, and placenta accreta is the most serious. Placenta accreta requires cesarean delivery and often results in massive obstetric hemorrhage and higher maternal morbidity. Challenges associated with cesarean delivery techniques may contribute to increased maternal blood loss and morbidity rates. Several recent obstetric studies reported the usefulness of transverse uterine fundal incision for managing placenta accreta. We present a case of placenta percreta that was treated by a transverse fundal incision. We successfully avoided cutting through the placenta and helped decrease maternal blood loss. After delivery, the patient underwent a cesarean hysterectomy. Postoperative day 48, she experienced watery discharge and was diagnosed with vaginal fistula. We present our case and review the literature.
Yi, SoJeong,An, Hyungmi,Lee, Howard,Lee, Sangin,Ieiri, Ichiro,Lee, Youngjo,Cho, Joo-Youn,Hirota, Takeshi,Fukae, Masato,Yoshida, Kenji,Nagatsuka, Shinichiro,Kimura, Miyuki,Irie, Shin,Sugiyama, Yuichi,S Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams Wilkin 2014 PHARMACOGENETICS AND GENOMICS Vol.24 No.10
BACKGROUND: Interethnic differences in genetic polymorphism in genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters are one of the major factors that cause ethnic differences in drug response. This study aimed to investigate genetic polymorphisms in genes involved in drug metabolism, transport, and excretion among Korean, Japanese, and Chinese populations, the three major East Asian ethnic groups. METHODS: The frequencies of 1936 variants representing 225 genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters were determined from 786 healthy participants (448 Korean, 208 Japanese, and 130 Chinese) using the Affymetrix Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes and Transporters Plus microarray. To compare allele or genotype frequencies in the high-dimensional data among the three East Asian ethnic groups, multiple testing, principal component analysis (PCA), and regularized multinomial logit model through least absolute shrinkage and selection operator were used. RESULTS: On microarray analysis, 1071 of 1936 variants (>50% of markers) were found to be monomorphic. In a large number of genetic variants, the fixation index and Pearson’s correlation coefficient of minor allele frequencies were less than 0.034 and greater than 0.95, respectively, among the three ethnic groups. PCA identified 47 genetic variants with multiple testing, but was unable to discriminate ethnic groups by the first three components. Multinomial least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analysis identified 269 genetic variants that showed different frequencies among the three ethnic groups. However, none of those variants distinguished between the three ethnic groups during subsequent PCA. CONCLUSION: Korean, Japanese, and Chinese populations are not pharmacogenetically distant from one another, at least with regard to drug disposition, metabolism, and elimination.