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Yi, SoJeong,An, Hyungmi,Lee, Howard,Lee, Sangin,Ieiri, Ichiro,Lee, Youngjo,Cho, Joo-Youn,Hirota, Takeshi,Fukae, Masato,Yoshida, Kenji,Nagatsuka, Shinichiro,Kimura, Miyuki,Irie, Shin,Sugiyama, Yuichi,S Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams Wilkin 2014 PHARMACOGENETICS AND GENOMICS Vol.24 No.10
BACKGROUND: Interethnic differences in genetic polymorphism in genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters are one of the major factors that cause ethnic differences in drug response. This study aimed to investigate genetic polymorphisms in genes involved in drug metabolism, transport, and excretion among Korean, Japanese, and Chinese populations, the three major East Asian ethnic groups. METHODS: The frequencies of 1936 variants representing 225 genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters were determined from 786 healthy participants (448 Korean, 208 Japanese, and 130 Chinese) using the Affymetrix Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes and Transporters Plus microarray. To compare allele or genotype frequencies in the high-dimensional data among the three East Asian ethnic groups, multiple testing, principal component analysis (PCA), and regularized multinomial logit model through least absolute shrinkage and selection operator were used. RESULTS: On microarray analysis, 1071 of 1936 variants (>50% of markers) were found to be monomorphic. In a large number of genetic variants, the fixation index and Pearson’s correlation coefficient of minor allele frequencies were less than 0.034 and greater than 0.95, respectively, among the three ethnic groups. PCA identified 47 genetic variants with multiple testing, but was unable to discriminate ethnic groups by the first three components. Multinomial least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analysis identified 269 genetic variants that showed different frequencies among the three ethnic groups. However, none of those variants distinguished between the three ethnic groups during subsequent PCA. CONCLUSION: Korean, Japanese, and Chinese populations are not pharmacogenetically distant from one another, at least with regard to drug disposition, metabolism, and elimination.
Fuka Ikeda,Yuki Okamoto,Kei Nishikawa,Hiroaki Yamada,Masayuki Okamoto,Toshihiko Tanaka 전력전자학회 2019 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2019 No.5
This paper proposes a sinusoidal chargingdischarging method of the lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) to reduce the capacitances of the dc-capacitors in the previously proposed smart charger (SC) for electric vehicles (EVs) in single-phase three-wire distribution feeders with power quality compensator. The dc-capacitor current in the three-leg pulse-width-modulated (PWM) rectifier is detected, and then added to the reference value for the output current of the bidirectional dc-dc converter that is used to charge or discharge the LiBs. The addition of the detected dc-capacitor current to the reference value of the bidirectional dc-dc converter achieves the sinusoidal chargingand discharging-operations of the LiBs in EVs. The sinusoidal charging- and discharging-operations sink the voltage ripples in the dc-capacitors of both the PWM rectifier and bidirectional dc-dc converter in the SC. This achieves the substantial reduced dc-capacitors in the SC. The simulation results demonstrate that balanced and sinusoidal source currents with a unity power factor can be achieved reducing the capacitances of dc-capacitors in the SC.
Jung-Hee Kim,Mayumi Sato,Akira Wakana,Fuka Takamatsu,Kaori Sakai,Masayoshi Shigyo,Jun-ichiro Masuda 한국원예학회 2021 원예과학기술지 Vol.39 No.6
Gametophytic self-incompatibility, one of the key characteristics for breeding seedless Citrus cultivars, occurs in pummelo (Citrus maxima), mandarin (Citrus reticulata), and their hybrid cultivars. Allelic variation in Citrus was reported for the self-incompatibility gene (S); however, S allele frequencies and S genotypes of full- and semi-self-incompatible cultivars have been reported for a small number of alleles. To extend our knowledge of S alleles, we tested 146 Citrus accessions, including 82 pummelo accessions, for S9 and S10 alleles. Each accession was pollinated with homozygous S₁ seedlings of ‘Hirado Buntan’ pummelo (S9S9 and S10S10). The pollen tube growth arrest in the lower styles of their pollinated pistils indicated that four accessions, including ‘Hirado Buntan [Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.]’, have the S9 allele and five accessions, including ‘Hirado Buntan’, have the S10 allele. The percentage of accessions with the S9 allele was 3.2% (4 of 126 accessions examined), and the S9 allele frequency was 1.8% (4 of 217 alleles, excluding the Sf allele). The percentage of accessions with the S10 allele was 3.9% (5 of 127 accessions examined), and the S10 allele frequency was 2.3% (5 of 217 alleles, excluding the Sf allele). Japanese mandarin (another sources of S alleles) and its relatives had neither the S9 nor the S10 allele. Pummelo accessions had S9 and S10 alleles at higher rates of 2.9% (2 of 70 accessions examined) and 7.0% (5 of 71 accessions examined), respectively. ‘Kabusu’ sour orange (a pummelo-mandarin hybrid; Citrus aurantium) and ‘Kikudaidai’ (a sour orange relative; Citrus canaliculata) had S9 alleles. These results suggested that the two alleles originated from pummelo (the main sources of S alleles). The S genotypes with S9 and/or S10 alleles were fully determined in ‘Hirado Buntan’ (S9S10), ‘Kabusu’ sour orange (SfS9), the ‘Kikudaidai’ (S9S11) sour orange hybrid, and two local pummelo plants. The results of our study suggest that in comparison with the other S alleles reported, the pummelo plants with low frequencies of S9 and/or S10 alleles contributed to very low rates of evolution and development of Citrus species and cultivars during the long history of citrus cultivation, except for those generating sour oranges (Citrus auratinum), which are used as root stocks, and for flesh and rind processing and ornamental plants. Finally, we examined the degree of self-incompatibility between S9 and S10 alleles in the lower part of styles of S₁ seedlings of ‘Hirado Buntan’ and Citrus accessions with S9 and/or S10 alleles. The result indicated no difference in the self-incompatibility reaction between the two alleles.