행동변화 단계 모델(BCSM)을 적용한 위기협상 실패사례 분석

김태헌 ( Kim¸ Tae Hun ),최응렬 ( Choi¸ Eung Ryul ) 한국경찰학회 2021 한국경찰학회보 Vol.23 No.5

위기(Crisis)는 일반적으로 사전위기, 위기, 조정 및 협상, 해결의 4단계로 발생하며, 경찰은 위기단계 및 상황에 따라 전술적 방법과 협상에 의한 해결방법으로 대응한다. 위기협상은 1971년 미국의 뉴욕 아티카 교도소 폭동과 1972년 독일 뮌헨올림픽 테러사건을 계기로 필요성이 제기되었고, 1973년 미국 뉴욕경찰청(NYPD)에 의해 최초로 인질사건을 해결하기 위해 협상기법을 도입하였다. 이후 이해관심사에 기반한 Fisher & Ury(1981)의 협상 모델을 시작으로 많은 협상 모델이 개발되었다. 현대는 SNS 등 인터넷의 발달로 사람과 사람을 연결해 줌으로써 범죄양상이 집단화되고 이것이 범죄행동으로 이어짐으로써 사회문제로 대두되고 있으며, 무고한 사람에게까지 피해를 초래함으로써 사회 불안을 가중시키고 있다. 인질 및 자살, 정신질환자에 의한 범죄 등 위기사건이 갈수록 증가하고 있는 것이 대표적이다. 이 연구에서는 FBI의 위기협상팀에서 개발한 행동변화 단계 모델(BCSM)을 중심으로 협상기법을 분석했으며, 적절한 위기개입과 역할 연기(Role playing)를 통한 위기상황 대처능력 기법을 내재화함으로써 실제 사건에서 해결이 가능하도록 비교적 상세히 살펴보았다. 그리고 국내에서 발생한 3건의 위기사건에 대해 실패사례를 분석하고, 해결 과정에서 나타난 경찰대응의 문제점을 확인하고 해결방안을 제시하였다. 특히, BCSM 모델에서 핵심요소는 적극적 경청이며, 이것은 문제 해결의 시작이자 공감과 관계형성을 통해 영향력을 발휘함으로써 행동 변화를 일으키는 기폭제라는 사실을 확인했으므로 향후 위기사건에 적극 활용할 수 있을 것이다. Crisis generally occurs in four stages: pre-crisis, crisis, mediation and negotiation, resolution, and police department responds with a tactical method and a resolution method by negotiation depending on the crisis stage and situation. The necessity of crisis negotiation was raised by raising the New York Attika prison riot in 1971 and the Munich Olympic Games terrorist attacts in Germany in 1972. Starting with Fisher & Ury's negotiation model based on interests(1981), many negotiation models have been developed so far. In modern society, due to the development of IT such as SNS, the criminal pattern could be grouped by connecting people to each other, and it could leads to criminal behavior which is emerging as a social problem. And these may aggravates social unrest by causing damages to innocent people. Above issues can be confirmed by typical examples of the increasing number of crisis events such as hostage, suicide and crime by mentally ill. This study has reviewed and analyzed the negotiation technique based on the BCSM model which was developed by negotiation team of FBI. By internalizing the crisis situation coping ability technique through appropriate crisis intervention and role playing, it was examined in relatively detail so that it could be applied in an actual case. In addition, failure cases were analyzed for three crisis events that occurred in Korea, and problems in the police response that appeared in the solution process were identified and solutions were presented. In this paper, it has been confirmed that the key element in the BCSM model is active listening, which is a starting point of problem solving and a catalyst for behavior change by exerting in influence through empathy and rapport building, which can be actively applied for future crisis events.

Transmission Strategies for Multi-User Wireless Information and Power Transfer

Taehun Jung,Taehoon Kwon,Chan-Byoung Chae 대한전자공학회 2015 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2015 No.6

Heuristic-Based Algorithm for Production Planning Considering Allocation Rate Conformance to Prevent Unstable Production Chain

Taehun Kim,Bongjun Ji,Hyunbo Cho 대한산업공학회 2015 Industrial Engineeering & Management Systems Vol.14 No.4

This study solved the problem of unstable production chains by considering allocation rate conformance. We proposed two phased algorithm suitable for solving production planning that considers allocation rate conformance; the first phase was heuristic initial solution generation, and the second phase was tabu-search based solution improvement. By using three data sets which have different sizes of data and three different criteria, the results of proposed algorithm were compared with MIP results. The proposed algorithm showed the best production plan in terms of allocation rate conformance, and it was appropriate for other criteria; it solved the problem of unstable production chains by solving concentrated and unfair allocation.

The Effect of Barefoot Rhythm Training on the Body Composition and Abdominal Circumference of Elementary School Students in Health CRISIS

Taehun Kim J-INSTITUTE 2020 International Journal of Crisis & Safety Vol.5 No.2

Purpose: The study was conducted on 30 6th grade(13 years old) students from S elementary school in D met-ropolitan city in Korea to verify the effects of ‘barefoot rhythm training’, which combines barefoot and rhythmic exercises, on the body composition and abdominal circumference of obese male elementary school students who have a body mass index of 26kg/m² or higher by performing rhythm training after equally dividing them into barefoot and shoe-wearing groups. Method: Exercise treatment composed of 5 minutes of warm-up and cool-down exercises and 20 minutes of main exercise was given 4 times a week with targeted RPE of 9-10 for 1-4 weeks, 11-12 for 5-8 weeks, and 13-14 for 9-12 weeks. A corresponding sample t-test was performed to compare the changes before and after 12 weeks of exercise treatment. Results: As a result of the study, it was found that the body mass index, body fat mass, and body fat percent-age of the variables of body composition were found to be decreased more in the barefoot group compared to the shoe-wearing group, while the skeletal muscle mass and lean mass were increased more in the barefoot group compared to the shoe-wearing group. Similarly, the abdominal circumference of barefoot group showed a greater reduction compared to the shoe-wearing group. Conclusion: In conclusion, since barefoot rhythm training has a higher exercise efficiency compared to the shoe-wearing rhythm training done in the same intensity and pattern, it has a greater positive effect on the body composition and abdominal circumference, which affect the obesity and metabolic diseases of elementary school students in health crisis.

Development of Anthropomorphic Robot Hand SKK Robot Hand I

Taehun Kang,Hyoukryeol Choi,Moonsang Kim 대한기계학회 2003 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.17 No.2

In this paper, a three-fingered anthropomorphic robot hand, called SKK Robot Hand I, is presented. By employing a two-DOF joint mechanism, called Double Active Universal Joint (abbreviated as DAUJ from now on) as its metacarpal joint, the hand makes it possible to mimic humanlike motions. We begin with addressing the motivation of the design and mention how the anthropomorphic feature of a human is realized in the design of SKK Hand I. Also,the mechanism of the hand is explained in detai, and advantages in its modular design are discussed. The proposed hand is developed for use as a testbed for dextrous manipulation. It is expected to resolve the increasing demand for robotic applications in unstructured edvironments. We describe its hardware construction as well as the controller structure including the preliminary results of experiments.<br/>

Detection of Signals With Observations in Multiple Subbands: A Scheme of Wideband Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radio With Multiple Antennas

Taehun An,Iickho Song,Seungwon Lee,Hwang-Ki Min IEEE 2014 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Vol.13 No.12

<P>We address detection schemes of spectrum sensing for cognitive radio with multiple receive antennas operating over a wideband channel composed of a multitude of subbands. By taking the observations in all subbands into consideration in the likelihood functions for sensing a subband, the test statistics of the proposed schemes are functions of the sample covariance matrix in the subband under consideration and that in the subband exhibiting the lowest power spectral density. The false alarm and detection probabilities of the proposed schemes are analyzed theoretically and confirmed via simulations when the numbers of observations are the same for all the subbands. It is shown through computer simulations that the proposed schemes can provide considerable performance gains over conventional schemes for wideband spectrum sensing when the observations are spatially correlated and temporally independent/dependent.</P>

Decoding With Expected Length and Threshold Approximated (DELTA): A Near-ML Scheme for Multiple-Input–Multiple-Output Systems

Taehun An,Iickho Song,Hyoungmoon Kwon,Yun Hee Kim,Seokho Yoon,Jinsoo Bae IEEE 2009 IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology VT Vol.58 No.7

<P>In this paper, we propose a near maximum likelihood (ML) scheme for the decoding of multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems. By employing the metric-first search method, Schnorr-Euchner enumeration, and branch-length thresholds in a single frame systematically, the proposed technique provides efficiency that is higher than those of other conventional near-ML decoding schemes. From simulation results, it is confirmed that the proposed scheme has computational complexity lower than those of other near-ML decoders while maintaining the bit error rate (BER) very close to the ML performance. The proposed scheme, in addition, possesses the capability of allowing flexible tradeoffs between the computational complexity and BER performance.</P>

Concurrent Multipath Transfer using SCTP Multihoming over Heterogeneous Network Paths

Taehun Kim,Jongwook Lee,Young Ik Eom 제어로봇시스템학회 2010 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.10

The number of multi-homed hosts with multiple network interfaces has been increasing due to cheaper network interface devices and network diversification. Concurrent Multipath Transfer (CMT) using SCTP multihoming is a mechanism that simultaneously transmits data via multiple end-to-end paths compatible with today’s network environment. Present studies on CMT have assumed that each path uses a homogeneous network. In this work, CMT performance was examined when each path of a multi-homed host used a heterogeneous network. The performance of CMT was found to decline due to the different bandwidths of the paths. Existing receive buffer blocking was demonstrated through the use of modeling with a time-line diagram. To prevent degradation in CMT performance, a dynamic CMT enable algorithm was proposed to transmit data through only one path when CMT performance is low.

Safety Performance of Climbing Lanes under Various Traffic Volume Conditions

Taehun Lee,Hyun-Seok Lee 한국도로학회 2022 한국도로학회 학술대회 발표논문 초록집 Vol.2022 No.10

Multilevel Model for Ramp Crash Frequency that Reflects Heterogeneity Among Ramp Types

Taehun Lee,Yoon-Young Choi,Seung-Young Kho,Dong-Kyu Kim 대한토목학회 2018 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.22 No.1

Freeway ramps on a trumpet interchange are classified into six types by their configuration (loop-, direct-, and semi-direct-) and function (on-/off-). Since the effects of crash factors vary for different ramp types, each ramp type has different characteristics for crash occurrence, and this yields heterogeneity among ramp types. Therefore, this study compares the effects of crash factors that vary for different ramp types by developing a multilevel model that reflects the heterogeneity of crashes among ramp types. Based on 1,155 ramp crashes data over a four-year period, three multilevel models with two hierarchies were estimated; an unconditional model, a random coefficients regression model, and a full random coefficients model. The fixed effects of models indicated that offramps are more vulnerable to crash than on-ramps, and crash frequency increases as AADT increases and/or ramp length shortens. The results also implied that the ramp length has different effects on crashes according to ramp types. The random effects showed that the intra-class correlation was 0.185, indicating that 18.5% of the total variance is contributed to the heterogeneity among different ramp types. The findings from the estimated models provide an enhanced understanding about ramp crashes and contribute to the safe design and maintenance of freeway ramps.