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유전자변형작물 안전성평가를 위한 영양성분 비교연구 동향
김은하,오선우,이상구,이성곤,류태훈,Kim, Eun-Ha,Oh, Seon-Woo,Lee, Sang-Gu,Lee, Sung-Kon,Ryu, Tae-Hun 한국식물생명공학회 2020 JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY Vol.47 No.4
Approvals for cultivation and import of genetically modified (GM) crops have dramatically increased around the world. Comparative compositional studies are an important aspect of safety assessments of products from GM crops and are based on substantial equivalence. Compositional analyses focus on determining similarities and differences between the compositions of the GM crops and their conventional counterparts, and thereby assessing the compositional equivalence of GM crops and their conventional comparators. The analytes, such as major constituents, key nutrients, and antinutrients, are generally determined on a crop-specific basis according to the OECD consensus document. The use of standard methods throughout the processes, such as selection of comparators, field trials, analytical methods, and statistical data analysis, is crucial. In this study, we showed the general framework of compositional studies. Literature for compositional studies of GM crops conducted abroad and in Korea was reviewed to obtain information about analytes, conventional counterparts, cultivation year, location, and statistical methods. The studies conducted abroad assessed for commercial release of GM crops such as soybean, maize, and cotton, while domestic studies were mainly performed for research in rice. In addition, we suggested a guidance for conventional comparators and field trials applicable to the domestic situation. 전세계적으로 유전자변형(GM)작물의 재배와 수입에 대한 승인이 급격히 증가하고 있다. 영양성분 비교평가는 실질적 동등성에 기반하여 GM작물의 안전성 평가에서 중요한 역할을 담당하고 있다. 영양성분 비교평가는 GM작물과 대조작물 사이의 성분함량에서 차이와 유사성을, 그리고 GM작물과 상업품종간의 성분함량의 동등성을 결정하는데 중점을 두고 있다. 분석항목은 일반성분, 주요 영양성분과 항영양소 등이며 일반적으로 OECD 합의문에서 작물별로 제안하고 있는 항목들을 포함한다. 영양성분 비교평가를 위해서는 비교군의 선정, 포장 시험, 분석방법, 데이터 통계 처리 등의 전 과정에 걸쳐 표준화된 방법을 이용하는 것이 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 코덱스와 유럽식품안전청의 식품용 GM작물의 영양성분 비교평가를 위한 가이드라인을 소개하였다. 그리고 국내외의 GM작물 영양성분 비교평가 연구 논문들에 나타난 분석항목과 대조작물, 참조군 품종, 재배연도, 재배지역, 통계방법 등을 검토하였다. 해외의 경우 대두와 옥수수, 면화 GM작물에서 여러 나라 수출을 위한 규제기관의 가이드라인에 따른 연구가 많았다. 반면 국내의 경우는 GM작물 실험연구적 측면에서 비교평가 진행되었으며 주로 GM벼에서의 연구가 많았다. 마지막으로 국내에서 GM작물의 영양성분 비교평가 연구 수행에 적용할 수 있는 참조군 선정과 포장재배에 대한 가이드를 제시하였다.
비타민 A 강화벼 급이가 벼물바구미( Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus)의 살충제 감수성에 미치는 영향
오성덕 ( Sung Dug Oh ),이기종 ( Ki Jong Lee ),박수윤 ( Soo Yun Park ),류태훈 ( Tae Hun Ryu ),김재광 ( Jae Kwang Kim ),손수인 ( Soo In Sohn ),김진서 ( Jin Seo Kim ),하선화 ( Sun Hwa Ha ),박종석 ( Jong Sug Park ),안병옥 ( Byung Ohg 한국환경농학회 2012 한국환경농학회지 Vol.31 No.3
비타민A 강화벼와 낙동벼의 벼물바구미(Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus)에 대한 성충 전용살충제 Clothianidin 액상수화제의 살충제 감수성 시험을 실시한 결과, 비타민A 강화벼에서 72시간-LC50은 유효농도 0.018mg/L (95% 신뢰한계는 0.013∼0.023mg/L)이었으며, Bt벼의 모본으로 대조로 사용한 낙동벼의 72시간-LC50은 유효농도 0.021mg/L(95% 신뢰 한계는 0.016∼0.026mg/L)이었다. 72시간-LC50은 낙동벼에서 다소 높았지만, 해충저항성 Bt벼 72시간-LC50이 낙동벼의 95% 신뢰한계 내에 포함되어, 두 품종의 LC50값에 유의성이 없는 것으로 판단된다. BACKGROUND: The carotenoid-biofortified (PAC) rice was generated by inserting phytoene synthase (Psy) and carotene desaturase (Crtl) genes isolated from Capsicum annuum cv. Nockwang and Pantoea ananatis into the genome of a conventional variety of rice (Nakdongbyeo). In our present study, we studied the effects on insecticide susceptibility of Rice Water Weevil (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus). METHODS AND RESULTS: The L. oryzophilus were fed on carotenoid-biofortified (PAC) rice and its near non-genetically modified (GM) counterparts (Nakdongbyeo) under 25±1℃, humidity of 60±5%, and photoperiod 16L: 8D for more than 60 days. Ten adults were soaked in the Clothianidin SC solution for 5 second in different concentrations, and were detected the mortalities after 24, 48 and 72 hours respectively. Every experiment was conducted with three replications. The cumulative mortalities of L. oryzophilus exposed to Clothianidin SC were similar between two types of feed administration. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggested that carotenoid-biofortified rice might not affect the insecticide susceptibilities of Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus.
연구보문 : 환경독성 ; 병저항성 GM(OsCK1)벼의 물벼룩(Daphnia magna)에 대한 급성독성 평가
오성덕 ( Sung Dug Oh ),이기종 ( Ki Jong Lee ),박수윤 ( Soo Yun Park ),류태훈 ( Tae Hun Ryu ),서상재 ( Sang Jae Suh ) 한국환경농학회 2014 한국환경농학회지 Vol.33 No.2
BACKGROUND: The disease resistant (OsCK1) rice was generated by inserting choline kinase (CK1) and phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) genes isolated from Oryza sativa and Streptomyces hygroscopicus into the genome of the rice, Nakdongbyeo. With the potential problems of safeties, the evaluations on non-target organisms are essentially required for the environmental risk assessment of genetically modified (GM) crops. In the present study, we conducted the evaluation of acute toxicity on Daphnia magna that commonly used as a model organism in ecotoxicological studies for non-target organism evaluation. METHODS AND RESULTS: Effect of acute toxicity to Daphnia magna by each concentration were investigated in the disease resistant (OsCK1) rice and non-genetically modified (non-GM) rice, Nakdongbyeo, as concentration (0, 1,000, 1,800, 3,240, 5,830, 10,500 and 20,000 mg/L). The OsCK1 rice used for the test was confirmed to express the OsCK1/PAT gene by the PCR(Polymerase chain reaction) and western blot analysis. Feeding test showed that no significant differences in cumulative immobility and abnormal response of Daphnia magna fed on OsCK1 rice or non-GM rice. The 48hr-EC50 values showed no difference between OsCK1 rice (3,147.18 mg/L) and non-GM rice (3,596.27 mg/L). CONCLUSION: This result suggested that there was no significant difference in toxicity to Daphnia magna between OsCK1 rice and non-GM counterpart.