일본의 초등학교 학습지도요령에서 보이는 환경교육 내용의 고찰

공영태,김성규 晋州敎育大學校 科學敎育硏究院 2006 科學敎育硏究 Vol.29 No.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate the content of the environmental education in the revised Japanese national curriculum from the viewpoint the goals and content. The findings of this study were as follows: However, Japan had not a subject related in environmental education, they operated the cooperation system for support the environmental education in elementary school education. All of subjects in elementary school education deal with a content of environmental education. The suggestive ideas which is useful for study of Korean environmental education were deduced, such as more expansion of contents, enhancing the guidance book, and more enhancement of cooperation between several subjects.

과학 창의성 계발을 위한 과학교육 프로그램 개발

공영태 晋州敎育大學校 初等敎育硏究院 2006 初等敎育硏究 Vol.16 No.-

宅地地區 所要 中水量의 統計的 算定 및 廣域 中水道 經濟性 分析

공영효,김정태 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.20 No.7

The purpose of this study is to calculate the capacity of reclamation and reusing water in the housing site, and analyze the economic efficiency for public water reclamation and reusing system. The reclamation and reusing water was formulated by the function composed of the reclamation and reusing water coefficient(RRWC) and the size of housing site. The result of the economic assessment indicated that the proper facility size to secure the national and individual economic efficiency should be able to handle 4,000 tons/day and over (4,000 tons/day is applacable to the size of residential area of 1.2 million pyeong (=3.3㎡)), and for each usage, the business and commercial zones would have the best economic efficiency. And, the above-mentioned facility sizes were proved to be the optimal models by verification of maintaining the available river water quantity building up the ecological river in the housing site. Therefore, the application of the optimal models for the public water reclamation and reusing system, formulated in this study, has the important implication of securing water resources in response to a possible water policy, the ecological environment where humans and nature coexist, and a useful means to build up the water-friendly environment.

Co/Mn/Br계 촉매상에서 p-자일렌 액상산화반응의 공정변수에 관한 연구

손용배,박경린,류태공,김정희,오인석,김영호,양현수 忠南大學校 産業技術硏究所 2001 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.16 No.2

Liquid phase oxidation of p-xylene using molecular oxygen has been carried out on the Co/Mn/Br-based catalyst system in acetic acid as a solvent. Process parameters(total pressure, partial pressure of oxygen and temperature) and kinetics of the reaction were studied as a basic study in the viewpoint for the development of new catalyst system and process. The total pressure above 20atm and the partial pressure of oxygen above 5atm were required to keep the reactant in the liquid phase and to overcome the mass transfer limitation of oxygen. The oxidation rate conversion were increased with increasing reaction temperature to the 100∼190℃ range. For a given initial concentration of p-xylene, the oxidation rate and the apparent activation energy were found to be of first-order and 4.24 ㎉/㏖, respectively. The effect of the third components added to the Co/Mn/Br catalyst was also studied. It was found that Ni is only a good additive that can promote the catalyst performance.

원소 및 화합물 명명(命名)에 대한 초등학교 교사들의 이해

송영미,공영태,김성규 진주교육대학교 초등교육연구소 2005 科學敎育硏究 Vol.28 No.-

This study aimed at proper application of the revisional nomenclature for chemical elements and compounds in the Elementary school science textbooks. For this purpose, this study analyzed teachers' understanding on the nomenclature for compounds who taught at schools, and also analyzed the kinds of the chemical elements and compounds shown in the 7th curriculum science textbooks and teachers's guides. The tasks were teachers' attention to the revision of the nomenclature for chemical elements and compounds, teaching conditions of the nomenclature for the chemical elements and compounds in the science textbooks and teacher's guides, teacher' understanding about the revisional nomenclature for chemical elements and compounds to analysis of the chemical elements and compounds in each grade science book of the 7th curriculum of elementary school. The subjects who taught at elementary schools in Gyeongnam were administered questionnaires which were used for the conditions of their understanding of the chemical elements and compounds in the elementary school science textbooks. Among a total of 200 questionnaires which were administered to the subjects, 179 were returned, and except for uncompleted 22, 157 were used in analysis. A statistical processing program of SPSS 10.0 was used to estimate the frequency and percentage of each variable. In addition, the difference among variables was found out using x² test. The findings of this study were as follows: For the attention to the revised nomenclature for compounds, most of teachers did not know about the revision itself because of the lack of related materials but they thought that in accordance with the change in the world it is necessary for any revision on existing method to be made. For the teaching conditions of the revisional nomenclature for chemical elements and compounds, teachers had difficulties in introducing it to students, on the other hand, the teaching books for teachers did not help them properly explain it because of the insufficiency of the books. Also teachers did not pay much attention to the revisional nomenclature systems for the compounds in the textbooks for students and the books for teachers. For the conditions of teachers' understanding about chemical elements and compounds, they did not completely understand about most of the attributes of the chemical elements and compounds in the textbooks. Especially, the questions raised about sodium chloride, propane, acetone, and sodium hydroxide to teachers showed different significance according to their age. When they were provided with 10 items of the revision, most of teachers answered that they had difficulties in understanding them. The analysis of the chemical elements and compounds of science textbooks and teacher's guides in each grade showed that the kinds of the chemical elements and compounds introduced in 3-6 grades included 44 in science textbooks, 42 in experiment and observation textbooks, and 112 in the books for teachers. What is more, the compounds which were revised by the revisional nomenclature were 50. In conclusion, this study suggests that teachers were not well informed of the revision of the nomenclature and had difficulties in understanding it. And even though teachers felt the need of the revisional nomenclature for chemical elements and compounds in accordance with the change in the world, they were afraid of the sudden change after revision. This means that even though the revisional nomenclature for chemical elements and thecompounds in the textbooks for students and the books for teachers needed, it should be preceeded by the sufficient training for the teachers.

초등학교 과학과 멀티미디어 안전교육 자료 개발

정지웅,공영태,김성규 晋州敎育大學校 科學敎育硏究院 2006 科學敎育硏究 Vol.29 No.-

The purpose of this study was to develop safety instruction material that can use efficiently through analyze segments connected with safety in elementary science material field experiment. Therefore, established following assignment to achieve purpose of this study. First, analyze whether there are some things on hazardous factor that can be connected to safety accident at elementary science material field experiment. Second, develop multimedia material for effective safety instruction. Third, recognize teacher's legal liability through published paper and case study. To settle the above subject, secures theoretical basis through literature study and collected datas connected with safety instruction through internet search. Also analyzed risk factor and safety connection contents that can be connected to safety accident through the 7th elementary science textbooks. Then arrange this systematically and made a story board. Safety connection animation datas that film by camcorder edited by vegas 4.0 and used Macromedia company's Director MX developing multimedia material. before scientific experiment class beginning or when educate safety, divide into greatly 6 low rank menus to use easily necessary member and arranged connection menus inside. All materials were manufactured to use easily maximum for user. This material will prevent beforehand accident to occur because make an experimenter know enough safety precaution, safety equipment, experiment tool directions etc. when safety accident occurred, will help unconnect to large size accident because do quick emergency measure.

초등 예비교사들의 법정계량단위에 대한 이해

김성규,공영태 경북대학교 과학교육연구소 2009 科學敎育硏究誌 Vol.33 No.1

이 연구의 목적은 초등예비교사들의 법정계량단위에 대한 관심과 지식정도를 알아보는 것이었다. C 교대 초등예비교사 1,096명을 대상으로 법정계량단위에 대한 인식과 관심, 학년별, 성별, 계열별로 얼마만큼 알고 있는지를 설문을 통하여 변인별 빈도와 백분율(%)과 교차분석(x²)을 산출하여 분석해 보았다. 법정계량단위사용의 시기에 대한 관심은 52.1%가 잘 알지 못하였고, 단위사용에 대한 혼란을 느낀 경험을 60.1% 갖고 있다고 하였다. 시행공포후의 반응에서는 절반이상이 별 달라진 것이 없다고 대답하였다. 법정계량단위 사용의 정착을 위한 노력은 방송매체, 수업시간 그리고 캠페인, 연수의 순으로 습득해야한다고 하였다. 법정계량단위에 대하여 학년별, 성별 그리고 문과, 이과계열출신별로 지식정도를 알아본 결과로는 길이와, 넓이, 부피, 질량 단위 등은 학년별, 성별 그리고 이과, 문과계열출신별에 관계없이 따른 지식정도는 잘 알고 있었다. 3학년의 정답률이 가장 높았고 지식 정도 순서로는 3>4>2>1 순으로 나타났다. 3학년의 경우 교육과정상 단위 관련 과목을 배운 시기가 얼마 되지 않아 정답률이 높은 것으로 사료된다. 성별의 경우는 남학생보다 여학생이 정답률이 높았다. 온도는 남자가 정답을 택한 경우가 많았으며 여학생은 한 명도 정답을 선택하지 않았다. 시간의 경우 여학생들의 정답률이 남학생보다 2.7배 이상으로 높았다. 문과, 이과계출신별 지식정도는 부피와, 빛의 밝기는 동일하였고 온도를 제외하고는 예상과 달리 문과 계열출신학생이 정답률이 높았다. 특히 광도를 나타내는 SI단위인 ‘칸델라(cd)’보다 생활 속에서 사용하는 ‘럭스’ 단위를 혼동하여 사용하는 것 같다. SI 기본 단위는 학년별, 성별 그리고 문과, 이과계열별에 관계없이 잘 모르고 있었다. 또한 생활속에서 쉽게 접하고 있는 유리 및 보조단위를 기준단위와 혼동하여 쓰는 경우도 확인할 수 있었다. 그래서 학생들이 자연스럽게 단위 학습이 될 수 있도록 지속적인 노력이 필요하다고 생각한다. 또한 정부의 미온적인 대처가 제도정착을 지연시키는 한 원인이 되기도 하므로 정부는 제도정착을 위해서 다른 나라의 경우를 거울삼아 하루빨리 정착 할 수 있도록 적극적인 노력을 해야 한다. The purpose of this research is to survey elementary pre-service teachers' in understand the legal Units, focusing on seven basic unit such a ‘m’, ‘㎡’, ‘L’, ‘㎏’, ‘K’, ‘cd’, ‘s’. This study specifically investigates whether the students understand the legal units. The subjects were 1096 students from the University of Education m Jinju, Gyeongnam. Data was collected through a questionnaire which was designed by this research and checked by authority, and the frequency and percentage of responses to each question were obtained and analysed. The survey was the legal units on interesting, using the experience of confusing and understanding of elementary pre-service teachers. The Korea Government is regulating using traditional measures such as ‘pyeong’ or ‘don’ in commercial transactions change to adopt the metric system for as a subsidiary the first of July, 2007. The interesting of the legal units dose not exceed a positive answer to the question 52.1%. Their were answered that the experience of the confused of 60.1% in the life. How to do efforts for the settle down of the legal units that answered broadcasting>in c1ass>a campaign>study and training by an academic year in oder. Findings show regardless of academic year, gender and from the department of liberal arts or the science department all the students knew very well that ‘m’ ‘㎡’, ‘L’, ‘㎏’ are included in the legal units, compared to the others low percentage of ‘K’, ‘cd’ and ‘s’ the legal units. In case of time(s), women has correct answered 2.7 times than man. In case of academic year, except for the third-year students was not to exceed 50%. In case of from the department of liberal arts or the science department contrary to one's expectations increase of 50% or more correct answer while half the students scored in science. The elementary pre-service teachers are seems to thinking separate the legal units with their in university life. Also elementary pre-service teachers are the lack of interest on society. Their should be for settle down of the legal units through learning to class in university, newspapers, strengthen publicity activities of broadcast media's further more by maintenance efforts of the government.

증발 표면적 증대를 위한 수적 분리기 특성에 관한 연구

모종근,공태우,이광영,정효민,정한식,서정세 경상대학교 해양산업연구소 2002 해양산업연구소보 Vol.15 No.-

The purpose of this research is to obtain the characteristics of water-vapor separator for improving the evaporative surface. The experimental system is constituted with water vapor generator, vapor storage tank, laser source for visualization and camera for photography. The efficiency of water-vapor separator can be varied by the kinds of the inside materials. Thus, in this report, we introduced the three kinds of materials with wire scrap, wire brush and sponge. As the experimental results, the wire brush was showed the best efficiency with 185 g/hr.

STS에 대한 고등학생들의 견해에 관한 평가도구 개발

임재항,강순민,공영태,최병순,남정희 한국과학교육학회 2004 한국과학교육학회지 Vol.24 No.6

이 연구의 목적은 STS에 대해서 우리 나라 고등학생들이 가지는 견해를 알아보기 위한 평가도구인 HS-VOSTS(Korean students' views on STS)를 개발하는 것이다. HS-VOSIS문항을 개발하기 위해서 다음과 같은 연구과 정을 수행하였다. 우선, 문헌과 선행 연구 고찰을 통해 4가지 범주의 10가지 하위 범주와 관련하여 23개의 논제를 포함하는 STS 범주 체계를 설정하였다. STS 범주 체계는 정의ㆍ과학의 외적 사회학ㆍ과학의 내적 사회학ㆍ인식론의 네 가지의 커다란 범주로 구성되어 있다. 다음은 91f 범주 체계를 기초로 4단계에 걸쳐 문항을 개발하였다. 1단계에서는 각 논제에 대한 짝진술문을 기초로 학생진술 문항지를 작성하여 772명의 고등학생들(16.3세)에게 투입하였다. 2단계에서는 짝진술문 중 하나를 제거하여 문항의 진술문으로 하고, 분류된 공통견해를 답지로 하여 1차 다지선다형 문항지를 구성하였다 3단계에서는 고등학생 28명(16.5세)을 대상으로 반구조화 면담을 실시하여 그 결과 분석을 통해 2차 다지선다형 문항지를 구성하였다. 4단계에서는 2차 다지선다형 문항지를 고등학생 306명에게 적용하여 낮은 반응비율을 보인 답지들을 제거하여 최종 검사도구를 완성하였다. HS-VOSTS는 학생들의 STS에 대한 신념 및 견해를 알아볼 수 있는 유용한 도구로서, 그 결과는 교사뿐만 아니라 교육과정 개발자, 교과서 저자, 교육정책 입안자들에게 많은 시사점을 줄 수 있을 것이라 생각한다. The purpose of this study was to develop HS-VOSTS(High School Students' Views On Science-Technology-Society), which is an instrument that monitors high school students' views on STS. For this study, 23 multiple-choice items were developed on four categories. First, a categorial scheme was constructed. The categorial scheme was based on many instruments that evaluate students' understanding on STS, literature review, and STS learning goal that many researchers had asserted. Second, the multiple-choice items were developed. The development of the items was carried out through four steps. In the first step, some pairs of statement on each subordinate category were formed. Next, the student statement questionaries which were based on the pairs of statement were responded by 772 students. In the second step, the response written by the students were analyzed to common viewpoints and the first multiple-choice items were constructed. In the third step, the semistructured interview with 28 high school students was implemented and the second multiple-choice items were constructed. In the fourth step, the final version of the instrument was developed through the analysis of the students' response on the second multiple-choice items. HS-VOSTS is an useful instrument for monitoring students' beliefs and viewpoints on STS topics. The results of the students' responses to HS-VOSTS items reflect the students' own thoughts directly. These results will give some implications for the curriculum developers, the authors of text books and the educational policy makers as well as the teachers.

A case of papular elastorrhexis

( Tae Seok Kong ),( June Hyunkyung Lee ),( Sook Ja Son ),( Tae Young Han ) 대한피부과학회 2016 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.68 No.1

Papular elastorrhexis is a rare disease of elastic tissue, which is characterized by multiple asymptomatic white or flesh papules mainly on the trunk and extremities. It commonly occurs in childhood or adolescence with no history of trauma or local inflammation. On histological examination, the disease is showed by decreased and fragmented elastic fibers with or without changes in collagen bundles in reticular dermis. Initially described by Bordas in 1987, about 20 cases have been reported in the literature and the exact origin of this disease is still unknown. A 20-year-old woman presented with a 5-year history of multiple asymptomatic white, non-follicular, scattered firm papules on the chest. There has been slowly increased the number of lesions over the past 5 years. She had no history of trauma or inflammatory disorders on the involved area. There was also no family history of similar skin diseases. Histological examination showed normal epidermis and condensed collagen bundles in the upper dermis with hematoxylin-eosin stain. Elastic fiber stain revealed decrease and fragmentation of elastic fibers in the reticular dermis. On the basis of the clinical and histopathologic findings, she was diagnosed as having papular elastorrhexis. Here in, we reported a rare disorder of elastic tissue, papular elastorrhexis, which is confirmed by histopathologic examination.