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Park, Chang Ook,Fu, Xiujun,Jiang, Xiaodong,Pan, Youdong,Teague, Jessica E.,Collins, Nicholas,Tian, Tian,O'Malley, John T.,Emerson, Ryan O.,Kim, Ji Hye,Jung, Yookyung,Watanabe, Rei,Fuhlbrigge, Robert C Elsevier 2018 The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology Vol.142 No.2
<P><B>Background</B></P> <P> <I>Candida albicans</I> is a dimorphic fungus to which human subjects are exposed early in life, and by adulthood, it is part of the mycobiome of skin and other tissues. Neonatal skin lacks resident memory T (T<SUB>RM</SUB>) cells, but in adults the <I>C albicans</I> skin test is a surrogate for immunocompetence. Young adult mice raised under specific pathogen-free conditions are naive to <I>C albicans</I> and have been shown recently to have an immune system resembling that of neonatal human subjects.</P> <P><B>Objective</B></P> <P>We studied the evolution of the adaptive cutaneous immune response to <I>Candida</I> species.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>We examined both human skin T cells and the <I>de novo</I> and memory immune responses in a mouse model of <I>C albicans</I> skin infection.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>In mice the initial IL-17–producing cells after <I>C albicans</I> infection were dermal γδ T cells, but by day 7, αβ T<SUB>H</SUB>17 effector T cells were predominant. By day 30, the majority of <I>C albicans</I>–reactive IL-17–producing T cells were CD4 T<SUB>RM</SUB> cells. Intravital microscopy showed that CD4 effector T cells were recruited to the site of primary infection and were highly motile 10 days after infection. Between 30 and 90 days after infection, these CD4 T cells became increasingly sessile, acquired expression of CD69 and CD103, and localized to the papillary dermis. These established T<SUB>RM</SUB> cells produced IL-17 on challenge, whereas motile migratory memory T cells did not. T<SUB>RM</SUB> cells rapidly clear an infectious challenge with <I>C albicans</I> more effectively than recirculating T cells, although both populations participate. We found that in normal human skin IL-17–producing CD4<SUP>+</SUP> T<SUB>RM</SUB> cells that responded to <I>C albicans</I> in an MHC class II–restricted fashion could be identified readily.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>These studies demonstrate that <I>C albicans</I> infection of skin preferentially generates CD4<SUP>+</SUP> IL-17–producing T<SUB>RM</SUB> cells, which mediate durable protective immunity.</P>
Watanabe, K.,Sato, H.,Kobayashi, T.,Katoh, K.,Obara, Y. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2003 Animal Bioscience Vol.16 No.4
In order to estimate the availability of ruminally-protected Lys (RPLys) and Met (RPMet), quantitative changes of free Lys and Met in the total abomasal outflow and feces were determined in three Holstein heifers with a T-shaped duodenal cannula. RPLys was prepared by coating Lys with fat and RPMet with a pH-sensitive polymer. RPLys and RPMet containing 30 g of each amino acid were supplied together to heifers, and total abomasal outflow was collected hourly from the T-shaped duodenal cannula for a 48 h period. Collected abomasal outflows were fractionated into liquid and solid phases to measure free Lys and Met concentration. At 2 wk after total abomasal outflow sampling, heifers were supplied RPLys and RPMet together again, and total feces were collected every 12 h for a 3 d period t estimate excreted RPLys and RPMet in feces. The amounts of Lys and Met recovered from the liquid fractions of abomasal outflow were estimated to be $23.9{\pm}8.3%$ and $68.6{\pm}3.6%$ (p=0.008) of RPLys and RPMet ingested, respectively. Final intestinal disappearances of Lys and Met were estimated to be $49.5{\pm}2.6%$ and $78.2%{\pm}6.5%$ (p=0.015) of ingested RPLys and RPMet, respectively.
Effect of Partial Magnetic Order on Resistivity and Thermopower of Ho(Co1−xAlx)2 Alloys
T. Nakama,C. Zukeran,A. Nakamura,A. Teruya,S. Hirakawa,S. Watanabe,Y. Hiranaka,M. Takeda,M. Hedo,K. Yagasaki,Y. Takaesu,K. Uchima,A. T. Burkov 한국물리학회 2013 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.63 No.3
The electrical resistivity and the thermopower S of Ho(Co1−xAlx)2 alloys (x = 0 to 0.2) weremeasured at temperatures from 2 K to 300 K in magnetic fields up to 10 T. While (T) and S(T)of pure HoCo2 reveal abrupt changes at the magnetic ordering temperature TC, indicating a firstordertransition, the temperature variations of both properties across the ordering temperature inHo(Co1−xAlx)2 alloys clearly show that the type of magnetic transition changes under substitutionof Al for Co from first order to second order around x 0.06. (T) of the Al-substituted samples (x= 0.15 and 0.2) has a very unusual variation at temperatures below TC: in contrast to the expectedand usually-observed decrease of (T), the resistivity of Ho(Co1−xAlx)2 alloys (x = 0.15 and 0.2)increases at temperatures below TC. Moreover, the magnetoresistance of these alloys is positivearound TC; this is also in a sharp contrast to the usually observed negative magnetoresistance. We show that the anomalous resistivity and magnetoresistance in these alloys are related to themetamagnetic instability of the Co 3d subsystem and to the fluctuating local magnetic susceptibilitydue to atomic substitution. Due to this fluctuating local magnetic susceptibility, the uniformexchange field of 4f moments induces a non-uniform polarization of the 3d system, with staticspatial fluctuations of the local magnetization. This static magnetic disorder gives an additionalcontribution (m) to the electrical resistance in the alloys at temperatures below TC. The degreeof this disorder changes with decreasing temperature, resulting in specific variation of m withtemperature.
Watanabe, H.,Zhang, G.X.,Yoshida, K.,Walker, P.M.,Liu, J.J.,Wu, J.,Regan, P.H.,Soderstrom, P.A.,Kanaoka, H.,Korkulu, Z.,Lee, P.S.,Nishimura, S.,Yagi, A.,Ahn, D.S.,Alharbi, T.,Baba, H.,Browne, F.,Bruce North-Holland Pub. Co 2016 Physics letters. Section B Vol.760 No.-
The level structure of <SUP>172</SUP>Dy has been investigated for the first time by means of decay spectroscopy following in-flight fission of a <SUP>238</SUP>U beam. A long-lived isomeric state with T<SUB>½</SUB>=0.71(5) s and K<SUP>π</SUP>=8<SUP>-</SUP> has been identified at 1278 keV, which decays to the ground-state and γ-vibrational bands through hindered electromagnetic transitions, as well as to the daughter nucleus <SUP>172</SUP>Ho via allowed β decays. The robust nature of the K<SUP>π</SUP>=8<SUP>-</SUP> isomer and the ground-state rotational band reveals an axially-symmetric structure for this nucleus. Meanwhile, the γ-vibrational levels have been identified at unusually low excitation energy compared to the neighboring well-deformed nuclei, indicating the significance of the microscopic effect on the non-axial collectivity in this doubly mid-shell region. The underlying mechanism of enhanced γ vibration is discussed in comparison with the deformed Quasiparticle Random-Phase Approximation based on a Skyrme energy-density functional.
Dark aerobic methane emission associated to leaf factors of two Acacia and five Eucalyptus species
Watanabe, M.,Watanabe, Y.,Kim, Y.S.,Koike, T. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier [distribution] 2012 Atmospheric environment Vol.54 No.-
We sought the biological factors determining variations in the methane emission rates from leaves of different plant species under aerobic conditions. Accordingly, we studied relations between the methane emission rate and leaf traits of two Acacia and five Eucalyptus species. We grew seedlings of each species in a glasshouse and measured the methane emission rate of the detached leaves under dark conditions at 30 <SUP>o</SUP>C. At the same time we measured the leaf mass per area (LMA), water content, and concentrations of carbon and nitrogen. There was no correlation between the leaf nitrogen concentration and the methane emission rate. This is consistent with previous findings that enzymatic processes do not influence methane emission. We found a significant negative correlation between LMA and the methane emission rate. Our results suggest that leaf structure is primarily responsible for differences in the rates of aerobic methane emission from leaves of different species.
Watanabe, H.,Lorusso, G.,Nishimura, S.,Otsuka, T.,Ogawa, K.,Xu, Z. Y.,Sumikama, T.,Sö,derströ,m, P.-A.,Doornenbal, P.,Li, Z.,Browne, F.,Gey, G.,Jung, H. S.,Taprogge, J.,Vajta, Zs.,Wu, J.,Yagi, American Physical Society 2014 Physical Review Letters Vol.113 No.4
<P>A new isomer with a half-life of 23.0(8) ms has been identified at 2406 keV in (126)Pd and is proposed to have a spin and parity of 10(+) with a maximally aligned configuration comprising two neutron holes in the 1h(11/2) orbit. In addition to an internal-decay branch through a hindered electric octupole transition, β decay from the long-lived isomer was observed to populate excited states at high spins in (126)Ag. The smaller energy difference between the 10(+) and 7(-) isomers in (126)Pd than in the heavier N=80 isotones can be interpreted as being ascribed to the monopole shift of the 1h(11/2) neutron orbit. The effects of the monopole interaction on the evolution of single-neutron energies below (132)Sn are discussed in terms of the central and tensor forces.</P>
Watanabe, H.,Wang, H.K.,Lorusso, G.,Nishimura, S.,Xu, Z.Y.,Sumikama, T.,Sö,derströ,m, P.-A.,Doornenbal, P.,Browne, F.,Gey, G.,Jung, H.S.,Taprogge, J.,Vajta, Zs.,Wu, J.,Yagi, A.,Baba, H.,Benzon Elsevier 2019 Physics letters: B Vol.792 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The neutron-rich isotopes of palladium have attracted considerable interest in terms of the evolution of the N = 82 neutron shell closure and its influence on the <I>r</I>-process nucleosynthesis. In this Letter, we present the first spectroscopic information on the excited states in <SUP>125</SUP>Pd<SUB>79</SUB> and <SUP>127</SUP>Pd<SUB>81</SUB> studied using the EURICA <I>γ</I>-ray spectrometer, following production via in-flight fission of a high-intensity <SUP>238</SUP>U beam at the RIBF facility. New isomeric states with half-lives of 144(4) ns and 39(6) μs have been assigned spins and parities of ( 23 / <SUP> 2 + </SUP> ) and ( 19 / <SUP> 2 + </SUP> ) in <SUP>125</SUP>Pd and <SUP>127</SUP>Pd, respectively. The observed level properties are compared to a shell-model calculation, suggesting the competition between proton excitations and neutron excitations in the proton-hole and neutron-hole systems in the vicinity of the doubly magic nucleus <SUP>132</SUP>Sn.</P>