Chemical pollution of indoor air in Japan

Ogawa,Takehiko 대한환경위생공학회 2000 대한환경위생공학회 심포지움 Vol.- No.-

Finding Factors as Predictors of Children’s Well-being Focusing On Resilience During the COVID-19 Pandemic Based on Analysis Results of the “Survey on Children’s Daily Life Among Eight Asian Countries 2021”

Junko Ogawa(Junko Ogawa ),Seiko Mochida(Seiko Mochida ),Haruo Kimura(Haruo Kimura ),Aiping Liu(Aiping Liu ),Yoichi Sakakihara(Yoichi Sakakihara ) The Pacific Early Childhood Education Research Ass 2024 Asia-Pacific journal of research in early childhoo Vol.18 No.1

This study aimed to obtain implications on childrearing and childcare practices for achieving children's well-being through analyzing factors predicting children's well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic in eight Asian countries. We primarily focused on “resilience,” the ability to cope with and recover from difficult situations, which had been confirmed from previous studies as a positive factor towards children’s development in the context of hardships. We also chose other potential predictors referring to Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory, including mothers’ concerns about COVID-19, household income, number of playmates, support from childcare facilities/schools, family environments, and children’s lifestyles, and examined how these predictor variables predict children’s well-being. We found that children’s resilience strongly predicted their well-being, which was common in all eight countries. Family factors and children's daily life factors were also associated with children's well-being. The country-specific analysis also indicated the importance of support from childcare facilities/schools on well-being. Well-being and resilience are both psychological constructs and often studied as important indicators of child health. Resilience has been spot-lighted as an effective protective factor for children experiencing adversities such as the COVID-19 pandemic. We have found that resilience was the strongest predictor of well-being among other factors even during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Dilutant flow characteristics model of coarse particle suspensions with uniform size distribution

Ookawara, Shinichi,Ogawa, Kohei The Korean Society of Rheology 2003 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.15 No.1

It is expected that particle size distribution of any portion obtained through screening, is of more uniform than that of the original mixture, typically following such as log-normal, Rosin-Rammler distributions and so on. In this study, therefore, a new relation between parameters of the uniform distribution and flow characteristics of the coarse particle suspensions is derived based on the continuous polydisperse model (Ookawara and Ogawa, 2002b), which is derived from the discrete polydisperse model (Ookawara and Ogawa,2002a). The derived model equation predicts a linear increase of viscosity with shear rate, viz., dilutant flow characteristics. Further, the increase of viscosity is expected to be proportional to the square of volume fraction of particles, and to show the linear dependency on density and average diameter of particles. It is also shown that the uniform distribution model includes additional term that expresses the effect of distribution width. For verification of the model, the experimental results of Clarke (1967) are cited as well as in our previous work for the monodisperse model (Ookawara and Ogawa,2000) since most parameters were varied independently in his work. It is suggested that the newly introduced term expands the applicable range compared with the monodisperse model.

Lateral nasal advancement flap for reconstruction of the nasal sidewall and dorsum

Ogawa, Yutaka,Ogawa, Yasuko Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surge 2020 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.47 No.1

Malignant skin tumors and precancerous lesions have a predilection to be located in the nasal dorsum or sidewall. Although invasive reconstructions have been presented, no simple and suitable method has yet been reported for this area. The flap presented herein, named the lateral nasal advancement flap, is designed on the adjacent lateral region of the sidewall or nasal dorsum and advanced in the medial direction. Two Burow's triangles are removed in the upper and lower portions of the flap: the upper triangle along the nasofacial sulcus and the lower triangle along the nasofacial sulcus and/or the alar groove. Excellent results were obtained in the two clinical cases described in this report. Neither a trap door deformity nor dog-ears developed in either case. The postsurgical scars followed the aesthetic lines and became inconspicuous. A distinct angle was formed in the nasofacial sulcus without anchor sutures. This surgical procedure is technically simple and is performed under local anesthesia. Although the flap is a cheek-based advancement flap, postsurgical scars do not remain in the cheek; instead, they are located in the nasofacial sulcus and alar groove. The lateral nasal advancement flap is recommended for reconstruction of the nasal sidewall and dorsum.

Effects of FRB’s Raising Interest Rates on Regional Currencies and Regional Monetary Cooperation: A Case of East Asia

Eiji Ogawa 한국APEC학회 2018 Journal of APEC Studies Vol.10 No.1

This paper bases on empirical results of Ogawa and Wang (2016) to investigate impacts of US interest rate hikes on East Asian currencies and to discuss an issue on directions of regional monetary and financial cooperation. A VAR model was used to make empirical analyses of effects of increases in interest rates in the United States on interest rates and exchange rates of East Asian currencies. We have important empirical results that East Asian countries without any capital controls would face both upward pressure on their domestic interest rates and depreciation of their home currencies when the FRB raises the interest rates. Moreover, we have an interesting result that a change in interest rates in the United States gave an asymmetric effect among East Asian currencies. Higher interest rates in the United States increase interest rates in emerging East Asian countries while interest rates in Japan are kept at a lower level. The widening interest differentials stimulate speculative carry trades to appreciate the emerging East Asian currencies against the Japanese yen. We discuss a regional monetary cooperation in order to mitigate these turbulences. Given that the FRB’s raising interest rates will give the turbulences to regional currencies, the monetary authorities of the regional countries should prepare for any crisis prevention by making surveillance over movements in interest rates and exchange rates as well as sudden changes in capital flows as well as crisis managements by establishing currency swap arrangements among the regional countries.

Declining Japanese Yen in the Changing International Monetary System

EIJI OGAWA,Makoto Muto 대외경제정책연구원 2017 East Asian Economic Review Vol.21 No.4

The US dollar has kept as a position of key currency in the global economy in the changing international monetary system where the euro was introduced to some states of the EU in 1999. It is an evidence of inertia of the US dollar as a key currency. Our previous study (Ogawa and Muto, 2017b) conducted empirical analysis to investigate effects of several events on inertia of the US dollar. One of our findings was that the introduction of the euro increased utility of euro while utility of US dollar was kept unchanged. This paper examines the effects of the global financial crisis and the euro zone crisis as well as the introduction of the euro on the utility of the Japanese yen. The introduction of the euro significantly decreased the utility of the Japanese yen. It indicates that the introduction of the euro increased the utility of the euro while reducing the utility of the Japanese yen rather than the utility of the US dollar. The utility of the Japanese yen has significantly decreased while the global financial crisis and the euro zone crisis occurred. The Japanese yen has a declining trend in terms of its utility over time in the changing international monetary system.

Transient effects caused by pulsed gas and liquid injections into low pressure plasmas

Ogawa, D,Chung, C W,Goeckner, M,Overzet, L IOP Pub ; American Institute of Physics 2010 PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.19 No.3

<P>The fast injection of liquid droplets into a glow discharge causes significant time variations in the pressure, the chemical composition of the gas and the phases present (liquid and/or solid along with gas). While the variations can be large and important, very few studies, especially kinetic studies, have been published. In this paper we examine the changes brought about in argon plasma by injecting Ar (gas), N<SUB>2</SUB> (gas) hexane (gas) and hexane (liquid droplets). The changes in the RF capacitively coupled power (forward and reflected), electron and ion density (<I>n</I><SUB>e</SUB>, <I>n</I><SUB>i</SUB>), electron temperature (<I>T</I><SUB>e</SUB>) and optical emissions were monitored during the injections. It was found that the Ar injection (pressure change only) caused expected variations. The electron temperature reduced, the plasma density increased and the optical emission intensity remained nearly constant. The N<SUB>2</SUB> and hexane gas injections (chemical composition and pressure changes) also followed expected trends. The plasma densities increased and electron temperature decreased while the optical emissions changed from argon to the injected gas. These all serve to highlight the fact that the injection of evaporating hexane droplets in the plasma caused very little change. This is because the number of injected droplets is too small to noticeably affect the plasma, even though the shift in the chemical composition of the gas caused by evaporation from those same droplets can be very significant. The net conclusion is that using liquid droplets to inject precursors for low pressure plasmas is both feasible and controllable.</P>

Expectations of parents having children with developmental disorders from child-care providers

OGAWA Keiko,M1ZUNO Tomomi 아시아장애사회학회 2010 아시아장애사회학연구 Vol.10 No.-

REMARKS ON UNIQUENESS AND BLOW-UP CRITERION TO THE EULER EQUATIONS IN THE GENERALIZED BESOV SPACES

Ogawa, Takayoshi,Taniuchi, Yasushi Korean Mathematical Society 2000 대한수학회지 Vol.37 No.6

In this paper, we discuss a uniqueness problem for the Cauchy problem of the Euler equation. W give a sufficient condition on the vorticity to show the uniqueness of a class of generalized solution in terms of the generalized solution in terms o the generalized Besov space. The condition allows the iterated logarithmic singularity to the vorticity of the solution. We also discuss the break down (or blow up) condition for a smooth solution to the Euler equation under the related assumption.

Support Sought by Newly-appointed Child-care Providers When Taking Care of "Children with Special Needs"

OGAWA KeiKo 아시아아동지원학회 2010 아시아아동지원연구 Vol.1 No.-

In recent days, "children with special needs" have been increasing in kindergartens and day- care centers, and we frequently come across the concems raised by child- care providers that they do not know how to take care of such children. Especially, newly-appointed child- care providers with less experience as well as experienced child-care providers are facing such difficul ties. Newly-appointed child- care providers are facing several problems about bringing up children with special needs. However, we could verify that by acquiring knowledge and techniques concerning the method of engaging with such children, their problems are alleviated. Acquiring knowledge and techniques does not mean that the newly- appointed child- care providers have to study on their own; it inc1udes receiving instructions and suggestions from the head of kindergarten and other fellow child- care providers as well as participating in training workshops. Based on these points, we can say that instead of psychological talks such as "snuggle the children in front of us and take proper care of them" it is necessary to educate child- care providers about how to handle the problems faced by children and how to engage with their parents so that the child- care providers are able to take care of children with special needs without any worries. Instructors must keep these points in mind when conducting extemal training workshops for newly- appointed child- care providers.