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Licorice Extract Does Not Impair the Male Reproductive Function of Rats
SHIN, Sunhee,JANG, Ja Young,CHOI, Byong-il,BAEK, In-Jeoung,YON, Jung-Min,HWANG, Bang Yeon,PARK, Dongsun,JEON, Jeong Hee,NAM, Sang-Yoon,YUN, Young Won,KIM, Yun-Bae Japanese Association for Laboratory Animal Science 2008 Experimental animals Vol.57 No.1
<P>The effect of water extract of licorice (<I>Glycyrrhiza uralensis</I>), one of the most widely used medicinal plants in Oriental nations and in Europe, on male reproductive function was investigated in rats. Licorice extract was prepared as in Oriental clinics and orally administered at doses of 500, 1,000 or 2,000 mg/kg, the upper-limit dose (2,000 mg/kg) recommended in the Toxicity Test guideline of the Korea Food and Drug Administration, to 6-week-old male rats for 9 weeks. Licorice extract neither induced clinical signs, nor affected the daily feed consumption and body weight gain. There were no significant changes in testicular weights, gross and microscopic findings, and daily sperm production between vehicle- and licorice-treated animals, in spite of slight decreases in prostate weight and daily sperm production at the high dose (2,000 mg/kg). In addition, licorice did not affect the motility and morphology of sperm, although the serum testosterone level tended to decrease without significant difference, showing a 28.6% reduction in the high-dose (2,000 mg/kg) group. The results suggest that the no observed adverse-effect level of licorice extract is higher than 2,000 mg/kg, the upper-limit dose, and that long-term exposure to licorice might not cause profound adverse effects.</P>
SHIN, Sunhee,JEON, Jeong Hee,PARK, Dongsun,JANG, Ja Young,JOO, Seong Soo,HWANG, Bang Yeon,CHOE, Soo Young,KIM, Yun-Bae Japanese Association for Laboratory Animal Science 2009 Experimental animals Vol.58 No.4
<P>Anti-inflammatory effects of an ethanol extract of <I>Angelica gigas</I> (EAG; 50, 160, or 500 mg/kg) were investigated in a carrageenan-induced air pouch inflammation model. Injection of 1 ml of carrageenan (1%) into mouse air pouches markedly increased the exudate volume and exudate albumin concentration, which were significantly attenuated by oral pretreatment with EAG. EAG also markedly reduced carrageenan-induced infiltrations of neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes, but did not influence eosinophils or basophils. Carrageenan dramatically increased levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6, which might be derived from the infiltrated cells. It also elevated nitric oxide, and slightly increased prostaglandin E<SUB>2</SUB>. EAG pretreatment significantly lowered tumor necrosis factor-α and nitric oxide, but did not alter interleukin-6 or prostaglandin E<SUB>2</SUB> levels. These results indicate that EAG attenuates some inflammatory responses by blocking the tumor necrosis factor-α-nitric oxide pathway, and that EAG could be a promising anti-inflammatory drug candidate for inflammatory diseases.</P>
Sunhee Shin,주성수,박동선,Jeong Hee Jeon,Tae Kyun Kim,Jeong Seon Kim,Sung Kyeong Park,황방연,김윤배 대한수의학회 2010 JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE Vol.11 No.1
The anti-inflammatory effects of an ethanol extract of Angelica gigas (EAG) were investigated in vitro and in vivo using croton oil-induced inflammation models. Croton oil (20 μg/mL) up-regulated mRNA expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-I and COX-II in the macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7, resulting in the release of high concentrations of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). EAG (1∼10 μg/mL) markedly suppressed croton oil-induced COX-II mRNA expression and PGE2 production. Application of croton oil (5% in acetone) to mouse ears caused severe local erythema, edema and vascular leakage, which were significantly attenuated by oral pre-treatment with EAG (50∼500 mg/kg). Croton oil dramatically increased blood levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and PGE2 without affecting tumor-necrosis factor (TNF)-α and nitric oxide (NO) levels. EAG pre-treatment remarkably lowered IL-6 and PGE2, but did not alter TNF-α or NO concentrations. These results indicate that EAG attenuates inflammatory responses in part by blocking the COX - PGE2 pathway. Therefore, EAG could be a promising candidate for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Sunhee Shin,박동선,Min-Jung Jang,Bong Ho Choi,주성수,남상섭,김종춘,김윤배,Jeong Hee Jeon,Jae-Hong Choi 대한약학회 2008 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.31 No.1
We examined the effects of trans-resveratrol on male reproductive functions; ex-vivo penile erection and in-vivo sperm counts and quality. For the ex-vivo study, the relaxation effects of resveratrol on isolated New Zealand white rabbit corpus cavernosum, precontracted by phenylephrine (5×10-5 M) were measured. The in-vivo study measured reproductive organ weights, blood testosterone levels, testicular histopathology, sperm counts, as well as the epididymal sperm motility and deformity of male ICR mice given an oral dose of resveratrol (50 mg/ kg) for 28 days. Resveratrol elicited a concentration-dependent relaxing effect on corpus cavernosum, leading to a median effective concentration (EC50) of 0.29 mg/mL. Repeated treatment with resveratrol (50 mg/kg) did not cause an increase in body weight, reproductive organ weight or testicular microscopic findings; however, resveratrol did elicit an increase in blood testosterone concentration, testicular sperm counts and epididymal sperm motility by 51.6%, 15.8% and 23.3%, respectively, without influence on sperm deformity. In conclusion, we propose that resveratrol has a positive effect on male reproductive function by triggering a penile erection, as well as enhancing blood testosterone levels, testicular sperm counts, and epididymal sperm motility.
Anti-inflammatory effects of a Houttuynia cordata supercritical extract
Sunhee Shin,Seong Soo Joo,Jeong Hee Jeon,박동선,Min-Jung Jang,Tae-Ook Kim,Hyun-Kyu Kim,황방연,김기연,Yun-Bae Kim 대한수의학회 2010 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.11 No.3
Anti-inflammatory effects of Houttuynia cordata supercritical extract (HSE) were investigated in a carrageenan-air pouch model. HSE (200 mg/kg, oral) suppressed exudation and albumin leakage, as well as inflammatory cell infiltration. Dexamethasone (2 mg/kg, i.p.) only decreased exudation and cell infiltration, while indomethacin (2 mg/kg, i.p.)reduced exudate volume and albumin content. HSE lowered tumor-necrosis factor (TNF)-α and nitric oxide (NO), as well as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Dexamethasone only reduced TNF-α and NO, while indomethacin decreased TNF-α and PGE2. The suppressive activity of HSE on NO and PGE2 production was confirmed in RAW 264.7. These results demonstrate that HSE exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting both TNF-α-NO and cyclooxygenase II-PGE2 pathways.
Protective Effect of Anthocyanins against the Hepatotoxicity of Carbon Tetrachloride in Rats
Sunhee Shin,Dongsun Park,Min-Jung Jang,Jeong Hee Jeon,Namgil O,Jugyeong Song,Jinsoo Lee,Byung-Yul Kim,Seong Soo Joo,Seock-Yeon Hwang,Yun-Bae Kim 한국실험동물학회 2008 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.24 No.3
Reddish purple-colored fruits and vegetables contain high level of anthocyanins, which are well known to exert antioxidant, cardioprotective and hepatoprotective actions. In the present study, the effect of purified anthocyanin on the liver injury and dysfunction induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) was investigated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected intraperitoneally with CCl₄ at a dose of 1.1 mL/㎏ to induce hepatic damage. The rats were orally administered with anthocyanin (50, 160 or 500 ㎎/㎏) 4 hr and 30 min prior to as well as 4 hr and 20 hr after CCl₄ challenge. Four hr following final anthocyanin treatment (24 hr after CCl₄ injection), time-course of blood concentration of intravenously-injected bromosulphalein were examined. In addition, blood parameters of hepatic injury in accordance with histopathological findings were analyzed. The biliary excretion time and clearance of bromosulphalein were greatly delayed by CCl₄ injection, which were recovered by anthocyanin (160-500 ㎎/㎏). CCl₄ drastically increased the blood markers of hepatotoxicity, and caused centrilobular congestion, hepatocytic degeneration, lipid droplets and inflammatory cell infiltration, leading to disintegration of hepatic cords The increased biochemical parameters and hepatic lesions induced by CCl₄ were significantly attenuated by anthocyanin treatment. The results suggest that anthocyanin might prevent liver dysfunction induced by CCl₄, and that anthocyanin could be a potential candidate for the prevention of hepatic disorders.
Silk Amino Acids Improve Physical Stamina and Male Reproductive Function of Mice
Shin, Sunhee,Yeon, Seongho,Park, Dongsun,Oh, Jiyoung,Kang, Hyomin,Kim, Sunghyun,Joo, Seong Soo,Lim, Woo-Taek,Lee, Jeong-Yong,Choi, Kyung-Chul,Kim, Ki Yon,Kim, Seung Up,Kim, Jong-Choon,Kim, Yun-Bae Pharmaceutical Society of Japan 2010 Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin Vol.33 No.2
<P>The effects of a silk amino acid (SAA) preparation on the physical stamina and male reproductive function of mice were investigated. Eight-week-old male ICR mice (29—31 g) were orally administered SAA (50, 160 or 500 mg/kg) for 44 d during 30-min daily swimming exercise. The mice were subjected to a weight-loaded (5% of body weight) forced swimming on the 14th, 28th and 42nd day to determine maximum swimming time, and after a 2-d recovery period (treated with SAA without swimming exercise), parameters related to fatigue and reproductive function were analyzed from blood, muscles and reproductive organs. Repeated swimming exercise increased the maximum swimming time to some extent, in spite of a marked reduction in body weight gain, and SAA further enhanced the stamina in a dose-dependent manner. Forced swimming exercises increased blood parameters of tissue injury, but depleted blood glucose and tissue glycogen, which were substantially prevented by SAA treatment. In addition, SAA significantly reduced the muscular thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and blood corticosterone content increased by forced swimming. Swimming exercise decreased the blood testosterone level, which was recovered by SAA, leading to enhanced sperm counts. These combined results indicate that SAA not only enhances physical stamina by minimizing damage to tissues, including muscles, as well as preventing energy depletion caused by swimming stress, but also improves male reproductive function by increasing testosterone and sperm counts.</P>
Korean red ginseng extract does not cause embryo-fetal death or abnormalities in mice
Shin, Sunhee,Jang, Ja Young,Park, Dongsun,Yon, Jung-Min,Baek, In-Jeoung,Hwang, Bang Yeon,Nam, Sang-Yoon,Yun, Young Won,Kim, Ki-Yon,Joo, Seong Soo,Kim, Yun-Bae Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2010 Birth defects research. Part B, Developmental and Vol.89 No.1
<P>BACKGROUND: Ginseng has been used for a long time and is well tolerated in humans. However, recent studies have shown that ginsenosides Rb1, Rg1, and Re exert embryotoxicity in in vitro culture systems. We investigated the effects of Korean red ginseng extract (KRGE) on embryonic implantation and fetal development in mice. METHODS: Mice were orally administered KRGE (20, 200, or 2,000 mg/kg/day) from 2 weeks before mating to gestational day (GD) 18, and implantation rate, fetal mortality, body weights, as well as external, visceral, and skeletal abnormalities were determined by Caesarean section on GD18. Ginsenosides in KRGE and in the blood of dams were identified and quantified by HPLC analysis. RESULTS: KRGE did not affect embryonic implantation and mortality as well as fetal body weights up to 2,000 mg/kg/day (≈200 times clinical doses), the upper-limit dose recommended by the Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Although the prevalence of supernumerary ribs increased at the medium dose (200 mg/kg/day), no dose-dependent increases in external, visceral, and skeletal abnormalities were observed. Major ginsenosides such as Rb1, Rg1, and Re were not detected in the blood of dams based on their chromatographic profiles. CONCLUSIONS: Considerable developmental toxicities of KRGE, even at the upper-limit dose, were not observed in mice. These results might be due to the negligible blood concentrations of ginsenosides in their original forms following oral administration, suggesting that in vitro experiments to assess the effects of ginsenosides on embryotoxicity may not reliably explain the risks of ginsenosides to in vivo embryo-fetal development. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 89:78–85, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</P>