카드뮴이 인간 단핵구 세포주(THP-1)에서 cytokine 유전자 발현에 미치는 영향

신동훈,박관규,강미정,서석권,정인성,양선희 大韓産業醫學會 1997 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.9 No.2

Cadmium, a potent toxic metal, posses a serious environmental threat but the mechanism of its toxicity remains unclear. Also, cadmium is a known immunotoxic agent in animal studies and induces pathophysiological effects by modulating components of immune system. Cytokines are being increasingly recognized as essential mediators of normal and pathologic immune response. Cells of mononuclear phagocytic system are strategically located at portals of entry in humans and therefore may be particularly at risk for cadmium exposure through contaminated air, food, and drinking water. In the present study, we investigated the effect of cadmium cytotoxicity for the monocyte and expression of cytokine gene in the control and cadmium treated human monocytic cell lines using RT-PCR method. The results showed that cadmium inhibited cell proliferation at 0.1mM cadimium treated cells for 24 hours. The TNF-α mRNA was expressed in both control and cadmium treated cells but not IL-6 and IL-1β. The mRNA levels of TNF-αwere examined during 24 hours culture period, at different time points. The expression of TNF-αmRNA increased in both 0.01mM and 0.1mM cadmium treated cells, but did not show dose-response relationship. According to cadimium treated duration, expression of TNF-αmRNA was more decreased in 24 hours than 6 hours. The decreased levels of mRNA of TNF-α suggest that cadmium suppresses its production at the transcription level.

인터넷무역 詐欺와 豫防에 관한 硏究

신승관,이상진 한국통상정보학회 2001 통상정보연구 Vol.3 No.1

인터넷무역은 Global Marketing이 가능하고 거래처 발굴이 용이하기 때문에 저렴하고 손쉽게 무역기회를 창출할 수 있다. 그러나 이러한 장점과 동시에 인터넷은 수많은 경로를 통해 정보를 전달하거나 수신되기 때문에 검증되지 않은 정보를 접할 가능성이 높고 익명과 비대면(非對面)으로 이루어지기 때문에 이를 통해 발생하는 리스크도 커지게 된다. 특히 IMF이후 해외바이어들이 내수시장 침체를 만회하기 위한 국내 업체들의 수출확대 심리를 이용하여 외상으로 상품을 받은 후 대금을 지불하지 않는 등 인터넷을 통한 무역사기가 급증하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 인터넷무역 피해사례를 살펴보고 이를 통해 피해 발생원인을 분석하고 사기예방을 위한 몇 가지 방안을 제시하고 있다. 인터넷무역 피해는 인터넷의 특성에 기인한 바가 없지 않으나 상당 부분이 무역업체들의 노력 부족에 기인하고 있다. 따라서 사기예방을 위해서는 제도적인 접근도 중요하나 무엇보다 무역업체 스스로 세심한 주의와 철저한 사전작업이 선행되어야 할 것이다.

곱셈 회로를 이용한 OCT의 신호처리에 관한 연구

신성욱,김영관,김용평 경희대학교 레이저공학연구소 2006 레이저공학 Vol.17 No.-

We perfoliued analog signal processing for the improvement of OCT images using multiplication circuit. To compress the relative variations in signal for different sample depths, we multiplied envelope wavefoini by exponential waveform.

장을 이용한 요로전환술 후 요석형성 위험인자의 변화

신관희,한광희,정원일,이형래,이상철,김원재 충북대학교 의학연구소 2002 忠北醫大學術誌 Vol.12 No.2

연구목적: 장을 이용한 요로전환술을 받은 환자들에게는 여러 가지 대사적 장애에 따른 합병증이 발생하게 되는데 그 중 하나인 요석형성의 위험인자에 대해 대사적 검사를 실시하였다. 대상 및 방법: 장을 이요한 요로전환술을 시행 받은 후 적어도 6개월간 추적관찰이 가능했던 30명(회장 도관술 24명, Mainz pouch 4명, 방광 확대술 2명)을 환자군으로 하였고 요석의 과거력이 없는 건강한 38명을 대조군으로 선정하였다. 요로감염이나 항생제를 투여하는 경우에는 대상에서 제외하였고 식이 제한을 하지 않은 상태에서 24시간 소변을 외래에서 모았다. 소변량, 나트륨, 인, 요산, 크레아티닌, 칼슘, 마그네슘, 수산, 구연산 등의 요검사 항목을 조사하여 환자군과 대조군의 측정치 및 크레아티닌으로 보정한 측정값을 각 성별에 따라 비교하였다. 결과: 혈중 칼슘, 인, 요산, 나트륨, 칼륨, 크레아티닌, 혈액요소질소 (BUN) 등 대부분의 혈중 검사 항목들은 환자군과 대조군 사이에 차이가 없었으나 혈중 단백질 수치만이 차이를 보였다. 23명의 남성 환자에게서 수산의 요 배설량이 대조군에 비해 현저히 높았으며 반대로 구연산과 요산은 대조군에 비해 낮았다 (p=0.006, p=0.001, and p=0.005, respectively). 또한, 남성 환자의 칼슘의 요 배설량은 대조군보다 오히려 적게 나타나 환자군의 칼슘/수산 비가 현저히 감소하였다 (p<0.001). 요중 칼슘, 나트륨, 인 및 요산은 크레아티닌의 농도와 관련성을 보였으며, 오직 수산만이 크레아티닌 보정 후에도 남성 환자군과 대조군 사이에 유의한 차이를 보였다. 한편, 7명의 여성 환자들에게서 대조군에 비해 마그네슘의 배설이 감소한 것 이외에 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았다 (p=0.04). 결론: 본 연구의 결과로 볼 때 요로전환술을 받은 환자에게 요중 칼슘, 마그네슘, 구연산 등이 요석형성에 영향을 끼치는 인자로 작용하지만, 요중 수산 배설의 증가와 이에 따른 칼슘/수산 비율의 감소가 보다 더 주된 위험 요인이라 할 수 있다. Purpose: The present study was performed to assess the risk factors for urolithiasis in patients receiving urinary intestinal diversion due to certain underlying etiology. Materials and Methods: This study included 30 patients who had undergone various forms of urinary intestinal diversion (24 of ileal conduits, 4 of Mainz continent diversions, and 2 of augmentation cystoplasties) with post-operative duration of at least 6 months and 38 age-matched normal controls. Urine samples (24-hour) were randomly collected on an outpatient basis without any dietary restriction when the patients were free of urinary tract infection or antibiotics. Investigation of urinary analytes comprised urine volume, sodium, phosphorus, uric acid, creatinine, calcium, magnesium, oxalate, and citrate. Data were compared in original values and adjusted values by creatinine in each sex. Results: Almost serum analytes such as calcium, phosphorus, uric acid, sodium, potassium, creatinine, and BUN were not significantly different between patients and controls except protein. In 23 male patients, mean urinary excretion of oxalate was significantly greater than control group and conversely in that of citrate and uric acid (p=0.006, p=0.001 and p=0.005, respectively). Unexpectedly, urinary excretion of calcium in male patients was lower than in control (p=0.002) resulting in significant decrease in the ratio of calcium to oxalate (p<0.001). Among the urinary analytes, excretions of calcium, sodium, phosphorus, and uric acid were significantly correlated with that of creatinine. Oxalate was only different analyte when adjusted by creatinine between male patients and controls. In 7 female patients, decreased excretion of magnesium was observed when compared to control (p=0.04). Conclusions: Our study indicated that urinary intestinal diversion cause increased excretion of urinary oxalate leading to decreased calcium to oxalate ratio, as major metabolic alteration for urolithiasis, although urinary calcium, magnesium, or citrate may take a role.

播種期 및 育苗日數가 黃色種 담배의 初期生育 및 收量에 미치는 影響

申周植,盧載榮,裵吉寬,朴相一 충북대학교 엽연초연구소 1984 煙草硏究 Vol.11 No.-

This experiment was carried out to study the influence of different sowing time, seedling age (the degree of delayed setting) and seedlingbed materials on the growth and yield components of flue-cured tobacco. The variety applied was N.C. 2326, was sown on March 1,11,21 and 31. Those plants were transplanted on the seeding bed mixed humus with sand at the ratio of humus 9 : sand 1 and humus 3: sand 7, 25 days after sowing. Seedlings were grown for 40, 50, 60 and 70 days (from sowing to setting) on the seed bed and seedling bed, and set on the pots (1/5,000a) in the vinyl house. The results obtained were as forlows . 1.The amount of growth of seedlings increased by late sowing and delayed setting. 2.Until the time before the maximum growth stage after setting, stem heigth was larger in the plots of late sowing and delayed setting. After the middle part of maximum growth stage, the earner the sewing time was, the more remarkable the influence of seedling age on the stem elongation was and the larder the seedling age was, the more remarkable the influence of sowing time on the stem elongation was. 3.Stem diameter was large in the plot to late sowing until the early part of maximum growth stage but after the middle part of maximum growth stage the diameter was large in the plants sown at March 11 and March 21. 4.The number of leaves per plant increased by late sowing and delayed setting shown significant difference after maximum growth stage. 5.Late setting made the stem height high and number of leaves per plant more. The size of largest leaf was small in the plot of early sowing and large in the plot set after May 10. 6.It takes more days to reach a topping time from sowing and setting in the case of early sowing and early setting. 7.In early sowing plots, the leaf area of lugs and cutlers decreased by younger seedling age, and in late sowing plots, that decreased by older seedling age. The leaf area of leaf and tip at different treatments showed similar results, but in the plots sown at March 11 and 21, largest leaf was shown in the plot of 50- day seedlings. The area of green tip decreased by late seeding and delayed setting. As a result of theses the plant type showed sylindrical in the plot of early sowing and younger seedling age, and cone shape in the plot of late sewing and older seedling age. 8.The earlier the sowing time and the younger the seedling age were, the heavier the weight of unit leaf area of lugs and cutters, but there were little influences of different sowing time and seedling age on the weight of unit leaf area of leaf, tip and green tip. The percentage of dry matter showed similar tendency to the results of weight of unit leaf area. 9.Late sowing (March, 31) decreases the weight of a cured leaf. Weight of cured cutter was largest in the plots sowing March 1 and that of leaf tip and green tip was largest in the plots sowing March 11 and March 21. The weight of cured lugs was largest in 40 and 50-day seedlings, and that of tip and green tip was largest in 50-day seedlings. There were little differences of weight of a cutter and leaf among the treatments of different seedling age. 10.In 40- day seedlings, the area and weight of leaves per plant increased by late sowing, and in 70-day seedlings, those increased by early sowing. In 50 and 60-day seedlings, those were highest in the plots sown at March 11 and March 21. Largest weight and area of leaves per plant was shown in the plot set on May 10, and the plots set on April 10, and June 1 showed significantly low weight of loaves per plant. 11.Late sowing and older seedling age increased the leaf thickness of those leaves. Different sowing time and the seedling age did not influence on the leaf area contraction ratio and leaf thickness of leaf, tip and green tip. 12.There were significantly negative correlation between leaf area of lug and cutter and weight per unit leaf area, percentage of dry matter and leaf thickness of the lug and cutters, but no correlation between those characters of leaf, tip and green tip. Weight per unit leaf area correlated positively with percentage of dry matter and specific leaf weight in all stalk position. In the lug and cutter, weight per unit leaf area correlated positively with leaf thickness and negatively with leaf area contraction between weight per unit leaf area and leaf area contraction ratio. There were negative correlation between leaf thickness and leaf area contractions of lugs and cutters, and no correlation between those characters of leaf, tip and green tip. 13.There were not significant effects of seedling bed materials applied in this experiment on the growth after setting and yield components.

치골결합의 외상성 분리에 대한 치료

하상호,유재원,이상홍,신동민,표영배,안병관 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 1991 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.16 No.2

The separation of symphysis pubis as a result of injury is uncommon, but it is increasing in number in parallel with today's speedy development of car industry. Most cases of the separation of symphysis pubis are amenable to closed treatments, but unstble separation where the reduction is difficult to maintain may require open techniques. Authors analyzed 27 cases of traumatic separation of symphysis pubis with 16 months follow-up on an average, who had been treated at the Orthopaedic Department, Chosun University Hospital. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The most common cause was traffic accident (81.5%). 2. Among of 27 patients, instability on the posterior stabilizer of pelvic bone was noticed in 18 patients. 3. Fifteen patients were treated with closed methods(bed rest, hammock, traction)and twelves were treated by the open reduction and internal fixation. 4. Internal fixations were carried out with plate and screw(5 cases), screw and wiring(4 cases), and wiring (3 cases). 5. The separation of symphysis pubis with minimal disruption of posterior stabilizer were treated by closed treatment or internal fixation of the separation of symphysis pubis diastasis alone, and its result was good or excellent. 6. We think that the symphysis pubis diastasis with severe disruption of posterior stabilizer should be fixed anteriorly and posteriorly both.

스포츠 현장에서 사고 분쟁해결을 위한 법적 구조 및 그 효용성 분석

박형상,육조영,김우규,이재봉,유관호,이무연,박태민,이신언 한국스포츠리서치 2005 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.16 No.2

1. The purpose of this study is to reflect reality of sports to legal structure. This author classified types of sports related accidents as match accidents, school accidents, leisure and living sports accidents. Out of such accidents common factors such as 'the provider of virtue' and 'user' could be deduced and this author reviewed what kinds of obligations must be shouldered by these people respectively. In particular this author stressed the fact that disproportionate emphasis is placed on malfeasance in disposition of dispute over the sports accidents. Malfeasance is a method for seeking relief through money after the accident. However default in an obligation enables supplementary completion when it is not performed or imperfectly performed. Thus if object which must be performed is providing safety then it is possible to secure safety prior to accident. Furthermore at such time mistake of the debtor can not become a factor. For this reason this line of thinking has the following merits: (1) In comparison with constitution of malfeasance default of an obligation has long prescription. It seems that such fact was a motivation for saving obligation for safety consideration by making it fall under the principle of faith. (2) Default of an obligation is not an obligation for ordinary attention which is cause of malfeasance but it takes up issue with obligation for attention required for performance. Game organization, sponsor and spectators etc. shares certain sense of identity and are demanded to have manners. As method for evaluation of such relationship of faith it may be possible to impose a special kind of obligation for attention and it will be close to constitution of default of an obligation. (3) Imposing obligation for provision clarifies that such responsibility belongs to game organizations promoting sports to which anyone can participates or to national or public organizations, sponsor, schools which induced such sports as a part of its educational programs, installer who made people use it as leisure facility or person in charge for its management. (4) It is also applicable to umpires, players or spectators who use field of sports. It is possible to reflect reality whereby these people specifically relate themselves to sports. In consequence it will be possible to make people feel the necessity of expanding the principals of sports from 'doers' to 'watchers.' (5) The obligation of provision is an obligation under the principle of faith therefore mutual negotiation may be expected to clarify such fact. It may be also evaluated by effectuation of users' self-determining right. 2. If the above mentioned structure is provided then, although it is limited to sports, students who are subjects of instruction, seminar attendants, and furthermore players who finished games may be obligated to bear responsibility for safety consideration under the principle of faith. Accordingly level of relief for considerable number of victims may be increased as cases of treating even borrowed materials as default of obligation being expanded. 3. As scope of responsibility becomes more clearer it will be possible to prevent disputes while securing more safety as rules and regulations become more clearly enacted or new contract is signed or existing contract is revised.

都市人들의 社會體育 參與와 餘暇生活 實態調査 : 江原道 春川市를 中心으로

차성복,신현관 江原大學校附設體育科學硏究所 1988 江原大學校附設體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.- No.13

In this study, the present condition of foreign country's "Sports for all" is investigated through documentary records. And the actual state on the participation in "Sports for all" and leisure activities, focused on Chuncheon, are investigated by questionaires. As the results of that, following results are attainable. 1. Individual and light exercises such as badminton and table tennis are preferred. 2. Public services are used as sports equipments. 3. The purpose of taking exercise is for the improvements of health and physical strength. 4. There is an attitude that leisure activity is more important than business. 5. The people who take part in exercise are friends and families. 6. The reason why can't enjoy sports is the lack of leisure time. 7. The costs of leisure activity for a month are about 50-190 thousands won.

프레스 안전장치에 관한 연구

허성관,이정훈,안남규,신현덕 대구대학교 과학기술연구소 1999 科學技術硏究 Vol.6 No.2

Press task is major fact of causing economical loss and industrial accidents at workplace. we studied about merits and faults of press safety attachment and developed new press safety attachment using sensor.

의료관계 해부 감정예의 분석적 연구(I) : 1990년 국립과학수사연구소 감정예

姜信夢,李垣兌,李漢榮,尹順雄,全基悳,金相鉉,徐在冠,尹重鎭 大韓法醫學會 1991 대한법의학회지 Vol.15 No.2

A study of 118 autopsy cases associated with medical care in 1990 was present according to the medical department, the mode of treatment and the cause of death. The Pediatrics showed the highest rate (25.4%), followed by the Obstetrics & Gynecology (22.9%), and Internal medicine (20.2%). According to the mode of treatment, medical accidents during operation and anesthesia were 29 cases (24.6%) with highest rate in Obstetrics & Gynecology (13 cases), 38 cases (32.2%) were during medication and/or injection with highest rate in Internal Medicine (18 cases), and 51 cases (43.2%) were during general medical practice with highest rate in pediatrics (19 cases). The most prevalent cause of death was the disease of respiratory system (34.9%, 30 cases) and the diseases of cardiovascular and urogenital system accounted for 31.4% and 11.6% respectively. The main cause of death in Internal medicine was the disease of cardiovascular system (11/24 cases), the respiratory system in pediatrics (15/30 cases) and the disease of urogenital system in Obstetrics & Gynecology (9/27 cases. ) Asphyxial deaths were 7 cases and the death due to adverse drug reaction accounted for 10 cases.