Synthesis of <i>Oldenlandia umbellata</i> stabilized silver nanoparticles and their antioxidant effect, antibacterial activity, and bio-compatibility using human lung fibroblast cell line WI-38

Subramanian, Palanisamy,Ravichandran, Anjali,Manoharan, Vinosha,Muthukaruppan, Reka,Somasundaram, Selvakumar,Pandi, Boomi,Krishnan, Anand,Marimuthu, Prabhu Narayanasamy,Somasundaram, Selliah Swamy Nat Elsevier 2019 Process biochemistry Vol.86 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In the past few years, green synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are one of predominantly used materials in therapeutics and clinical practices. In this study, AgNPs were synthesized from aqueous extract of <I>Oldenlandia umbellata</I> and investigated their pharmaceutical properties. UV–vis spectroscopy of <I>O. umbellata</I> mediated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs@OUa) showed a peak at 423 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and phytochemical screening explained the contribution of biomolecules in AgNPs@OUa synthesis. Field emission scanning electron microscope and high-resolution transmission electron microscope examination revealed that small monodispersed spherical nanoparticles had an average size of 22.7 nm. Antioxidant assays were used to examine antioxidant properties of AgNPs@OUa in comparison with <SMALL>L-</SMALL>ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) as a standard antioxidant. AgNPs@OUa showed dose-dependent antioxidant activities. Antibacterial activities of AgNPs@OUa exhibited the highest zone of inhibition against <I>Streptococcus mutans</I> and <I>Escherichia coli</I> were 16.03 ± 0.35 mm and 19.76 ± 0.25 mm, respectively, at concentration of 1.0 mg L<SUP>−1</SUP>. Biocompatibility of AgNPs@OUa against human lung fibroblast (WI-38) cell line was also tested. Even though, the cells treated with the uppermost concentration (100 μg/mL) of AgNPs@OUa, it enhances the cell viability (∼90%), suggesting that AgNPs@OUa had no toxicity with excellent biocompatibility.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> First report on the bio synthesis of AgNPs using <I>O. umbellata</I> aqueous extract. </LI> <LI> The AgNPs@OUa were characterized by spectral and microscopy analysis. </LI> <LI> AgNPs@OUa were act as a significant antioxidant and antibacterial activities. </LI> <LI> AgNPs@OUa showed excellent biocompatibility against WI-38 cell lines. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Principles for Managing Patients with Spinal Ailments in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Era: What Do We Know So Far? An Evidence-Based, Narrative Review

Vibhu Krishnan Viswanathan,Surabhi Subramanian,Arthi K. Rao 대한척추외과학회 2020 Asian Spine Journal Vol.14 No.4

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly affected all specialty practices in medicine, including the field of spinal surgery. Spinal surgery is unique in that the procedures include not only fully elective and fully emergent interventions, but also involve a separate group of semi-emergent surgeries, where delayed intervention may lead to permanent neurological deficits. Here, we present an evidence-based review on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on spinal surgery and our current knowledge about this issue. We conducted a thorough search of the PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar databases using the keywords, “COVID-19,” “COVID-19 impact on spine surgery,” “coronavirus impact on spine surgery,” “COVID-19 impact on neurosurgery,” “coronavirus impact on neurosurgery,” “COVID-19 impact on spine surgeons,” and “coronavirus impact on spine surgeons” on May 6, 2020. A total of 8,322 articles were identified in the initial search. Articles that were duplicated, those that did not pertain to COVID-19 or spine surgeries, those with details not pertaining to the current topic of interest, and those published in languages other than English were excluded from our analyses. After complete screening, six articles were included in this review. During the previous few weeks, the COVID pandemic has significantly influenced all major aspects of spine surgery across the world. Outpatient care has been gradually shifted from physical visits to tele-health and online consultations. General recommendations have favored the conservative approach over surgeries, although no patient should be deprived of standard care owing to concerns about COVID. The general principles followed by spine surgeons should include early detection of COVID symptomatology; triaging of patients based on underlying spinal pathology; prescription of appropriate investigations to confirm the COVID status; isolation, as needed; selection of optimal management method as per the guidelines; adherence to best intraoperative practices; and ensuring protective measures for non-infected patients, family members, fellow heath care providers, and themselves against the disease.

Detection of High-Risk Human Papillomaviruses in the Prevention of Cervical Cancer in India

Baskaran, Krishnan,Kumar, P Kranthi,Karunanithi, Santha,Sethupathy, Subramanian,Thamaraiselvi, B,Swaruparani, S Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.18

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are small, non-enveloped, double-stranded DNA viruses that infect epithelial tissues. Specific genotypes of human papillomavirus are the single most common etiological agents of cervical intraepithelial lesions and cervical cancer. Cervical cancer usually arises at squamous metaplastic epithelium of transformation zone (TZ) of the cervix featuring infection with one or more oncogenic or high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) types. A hospital-based study in a rural set up was carried out to understand the association of HR-HPV with squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) and cervical cancer. In the present study, HR-HPV was detected in 65.7% of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs), 84.6% of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) and 94% of cervical cancer as compared to 10.7% of controls. The association of HPV infection with SIL and cervical cancer was analyzed with Chi square test (p<0.001). The significant association found confirmed that detection of HR-HPV is a suitable candidate for early identification of cervical precancerous lesions and in the prevention of cervical cancer in India.

Comparison of Three Different Options for C7 Posterior Vertebral Anchor in the Indian Population—Lateral Mass, Pedicle, and Lamina: A Computed Tomography-Based Morphometric Analysis

Vibhu Krishnan Viswanathan,Surabhi Subramanian,Sushma Viswanathan 대한척추외과학회 2018 Asian Spine Journal Vol.12 No.4

Study Design: Radiological cohort study. Purpose: The options of posteriorly stabilizing C7 vertebra include using lateral mass, pedicle or lamina, as bony anchors. The current study is a computed tomography (CT)-based morphometric analysis of C7 vertebra of 100 Indian patients and discusses the feasibility of these different techniques. Overview of Literature: C7 is a peculiar vertebra with unique anatomy, which poses challenges for each of these fixation modalities. There are no reports available in the literature, which discuss and compare the feasibility of diverse posterior C7 fixation techniques in Indian population. Methods: We included 100 consecutive cervical spine CT scans of Indian patients performed between July 2016 and September 2016. We excluded CT scans with any significant congenital anomaly or other pathological lesions of C7 and patients with non-Indian ethnicity. Regarding screw placement, we assessed and studied various dimensions of the C7 lateral mass, pedicles, and laminae in relevant sections. Results: The mean age of our patients was 49.5±16.1 years. We included 56 male and 44 female patients. The mean anteroposterior and mediolateral dimensions of the lateral mass were 11.38±1.76 and 12.91±1.82 mm, respectively. The mean length of the lateral mass screw (Magerl technique) was 12.17±1.9 mm; 92% of patients could accommodate a lateral mass screw at least 10-mm long (unicortical), whereas 48% could accommodate a screw (unicortical) longer than 12 mm. Foramen transversarium was found in 30.5% of lateral masses. The mean outer and inner cortical widths of the pedicles were 6.5±0.71 mm and 3.72±0.61 mm, respectively. Approximately 58% of pedicles could accommodate 3.5-mm screws (based on the inner cortical pedicle width). The outer cortical and inner cortical widths of the laminae were 6.21±1.2 mm and 3.23±0.9 mm, respectively. Subsequently, 37% of the laminae could accommodate 3.5-mm screws. The mean angle of intralaminar screw trajectory was 50.7°±5.1°, and the mean length of the intralaminar screw was 32.6±3.05 mm. In addition, 96.4% and 60.7% of male patients could accommodate lateral mass screws longer than 10 mm and 12 mm, respectively. However, only 86.4% and 31.8% of female patients could accommodate 10- and 12-mm long lateral mass screws, respectively. Furthermore, 75% of male patients and 36% of female patients had pedicles that could accommodate 3.5-mm diameter screws, and 48.2% of male patients had laminae that could accommodate 3.5-mm screws; however, only 22.7% of female patients could accommodate 3.5-mm laminar screws. Conclusions: Based on our CT-guided morphometric analysis, 92% and 48% of Indian patients could accommodate at least 10- and 12-mm long lateral mass screws, and 58% of pedicles and 37% of laminae could accommodate 3.5-mm screws. Thus, lateral mass screws (between 10- and 12-mm long) seem to be the safest feasible option for C7 fixation. In case of the need for an alternative mode of stabilization (pedicle or intralaminar screw), particularly in female patients, careful preoperative planning with a CT scan is of utmost importance.

Physico-chemical and dielectric relaxation studies of ionic surfactants in Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR)

Thirunavukarasu Kalaivani,Subramanian Krishnan,Subramanian Nithiyanantham 한국화학공학회 2017 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.34 No.8

The properties of aqueous surfactant solutions with external additives are extensively useful in surfactantbased systems. To study the dielectric relaxation studies of aqueous ionic surfactants (SDS, CTAB, DPC) and aqueous butanol, benzyl alcohol, aniline and tributylamine were carried out for different concentrations at 303k. Dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS) is valuable for understanding the dynamic process mainly in micellar systems. Time domain dielectric data were obtained through HP54750A oscilloscope and TDR plug-in-module. The relaxation times were determined through the well-known Cole-Cole method. The superposition of two relaxation times gives the dielectric relaxation time obtained from the hydrated water molecule with rotations around the micelle, ions and another hydrophobic inner side of the micelle. Viscosity measurements were used to correlate the dielectric data. The Kirkwood correlation factor (gf), effective Kirkwood correlation factor (geff), Bruggeman Factor (fB), excess inverse relaxation time (1/τ)E, excess dielectric constant (ε E) and free energy of activation (ΔFt) were also calculated. The effects of dielectric relaxation and viscous flow were interpreted and discussed.

Effect of VO(II) Doping on Structural and Optical Properties of Diaquamalonato(1,10-phenanthroline)zinc(II)

Ramesh Hema,Somasundaram Ramachitra,Subramanian Balaji,Krishnan Parthipan 대한화학회 2013 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.34 No.12

Single crystal EPR and optical studies of a mixed ligand zinc(II) complex doped with VO(II) ion is carried out to establish the structural properties. The angular variation of vanadyl hyperfine lines indicates a single site, with spin Hamiltonian parameters as: gxx = 1.985, gyy = 1.979, gzz = 1.943; Axx = 8.71, Ayy = 6.41 and Azz = 17.80 mT. By comparing the direction cosines of principal g and A values with the direction cosines of metalligand bonds, it has been confirmed that the vanadyl ion has entered the lattice interstitially. The exact interstitial position of VO(II) in host lattice has been calculated using the fractional coordinates of atoms in the host lattice out of many assumptions. The EPR and optical data have been confirmed to obtain various bonding parameters, from which the nature of the bonding in the complex is discussed. FT-IR confirms the formation of structure of host lattice.

Effect of VO(II) Doping on Structural and Optical Properties of Diaquamalonato(1,10-phenanthroline)zinc(II)

Hema, Ramesh,Parthipan, Krishnan,Ramachitra, Somasundaram,Balaji, Subramanian Korean Chemical Society 2013 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.34 No.12

Single crystal EPR and optical studies of a mixed ligand zinc(II) complex doped with VO(II) ion is carried out to establish the structural properties. The angular variation of vanadyl hyperfine lines indicates a single site, with spin Hamiltonian parameters as: $g_{xx}=1.985$, $g_{yy}=1.979$, $g_{zz}=1.943$; $A_{xx}=8.71$, $A_{yy}=6.41$ and $A_{zz}=17.80$ mT. By comparing the direction cosines of principal g and A values with the direction cosines of metalligand bonds, it has been confirmed that the vanadyl ion has entered the lattice interstitially. The exact interstitial position of VO(II) in host lattice has been calculated using the fractional coordinates of atoms in the host lattice out of many assumptions. The EPR and optical data have been confirmed to obtain various bonding parameters, from which the nature of the bonding in the complex is discussed. FT-IR confirms the formation of structure of host lattice.

Haploid embryogenesis and molecular detection of somatic embryogenesis receptor-like kinase (TcSERK) genes in sliced ovary cultures of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.)

Ramasamy Gnanam,Ramasamy Sivachandran,Ravi Nagganatha Suganthan,Krishnan Rajalakshmi,Subramanian Rajesh,Raman Renuka,Duraialaguraja Sudhakar,Muthurajan Raveendran,Vellaichamy Jegadeeswari 한국식물생명공학회 2022 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.16 No.3

Somatic embryos were induced from sliced unpollinated ovaries of cocoa. The influence of genotypes and cold pre-treatment were studied on the induction of callus and haploid embryogenesis. Among the five cocoa genotypes studied, CCRP 5 and CCRP 1 had recorded a maximum callus induction frequency of 66.00% and 62.00%, respectively, from sliced ovaries on WPM medium supplemented with 2-iP (1.0 mg L−1), Zeatin (1.0 mg L−1), and AgNO3 (5.0 mg L−1). Sliced ovaries isolated from cold pre-treated (4 °C for 1 day), 4–6 mm long (containing mature ovule) flower buds recorded the maximum callus induction frequency (67%). The highest percentage of embryogenic calli was noticed from ovaries of pre-treated (4 °C for 1 day) flower buds of CCRP 5 (31.00%). During proliferation and sub-culturing, callus morphogenesis such as white com- pact, light creamy nodular, proliferative beige shaded embryogenic, and light brown watery spongy non-proliferative calli were observed. Induction of globular and heart stage somatic embryos was noticed in WPM medium supplemented with ascorbic acid (35.2 mg L−1), Zeatin (1.0 mg L−1), Kinetin (3.0 mg L−1), and sucrose (30.0 g L−1). Further, the cotyledon- ary stage embryos and shoot conversion were observed in WPM medium supplemented with MgSO4 (4.0 g L−1), K2SO4 (12.0 g L−1), glucose (1.0 g L−1), and sucrose (30.0 g L−1). Histological and scanning electron microscopic studies revealed an asynchronous pattern of somatic embryos development (globular, heart, and torpedo stage) from embryogenic calli. The molecular confirmation of embryogenic competence with different types of ovary callus at different stages was confirmed with the detection of the TcSERK gene through semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The TcSERK gene expression was higher in embryogenic friable calli and lower in callus with early embryo induction. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that cells from ovary calli were haploids (1n = 10). This study would be a starting step for the induction of haploid embryogenesis from sliced ovaries of the well-adapted regional genotypes of cocoa, for obtaining rapid homozygosity; as induction of haploids through androgenesis in an earlier study could not yield fruitful results.

Protein Adsorption Characteristics and Inflammatory Response of Lipoplexes of DNA and si-RNA

Dhiraj Bhavsar,Lakshmi Narashimhan Ramana,Krishnakumar Subramanian,Swaminathan Sethuraman,Uma Maheswari Krishnan 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2015 NANO Vol.10 No.4

Objective: A major limitation in gene delivery applications employing nanocarriers is the inflammatory response elicited when administered in vivo. The mode of complexation of the oligonucleotide with the carrier can alter its interactions with biomolecules, a fact that has not been explored for lipoplexes hitherto. Materials: Liposomes prepared by thin film hydration were used to form lipoplexes of si-RNA and DNA, which exhibited a smaller size and a shift toward negative zeta potential when compared with blank liposomes. Results: The oligonucleotides wrap over the liposome surface and the surface coverage depends on the number of base pairs. The colloidal stability, protein resistance and cell uptake of lipoplexes were found to be dependent on surface charge and PEG. The lipoplexes with si-RNA did not induce cytokine production in BALB/c mice. Conclusion: The results highlight the importance of PEGylation for achieving good protein resistance without compromising cell uptake and therapeutic efficiency.