Detection of High-Risk Human Papillomaviruses in the Prevention of Cervical Cancer in India

Baskaran, Krishnan,Kumar, P Kranthi,Karunanithi, Santha,Sethupathy, Subramanian,Thamaraiselvi, B,Swaruparani, S Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.18

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are small, non-enveloped, double-stranded DNA viruses that infect epithelial tissues. Specific genotypes of human papillomavirus are the single most common etiological agents of cervical intraepithelial lesions and cervical cancer. Cervical cancer usually arises at squamous metaplastic epithelium of transformation zone (TZ) of the cervix featuring infection with one or more oncogenic or high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) types. A hospital-based study in a rural set up was carried out to understand the association of HR-HPV with squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) and cervical cancer. In the present study, HR-HPV was detected in 65.7% of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs), 84.6% of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) and 94% of cervical cancer as compared to 10.7% of controls. The association of HPV infection with SIL and cervical cancer was analyzed with Chi square test (p<0.001). The significant association found confirmed that detection of HR-HPV is a suitable candidate for early identification of cervical precancerous lesions and in the prevention of cervical cancer in India.

Effect of ceramic fibers, metal fibers and frictional additive (PG-902) on the properties of Non-Asbestos brake pads

P. Baskara Sethupathi,J. Chandradass 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2021 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.22 No.5

Environmental legislation's in the US have questioned the role of multifunctional copper fibers/powders in non-asbestos brakepads. Other heavy metals like Iron, chromium, Tin, Zirconium from wear particles of brake pads and zinc from tyresdislodged into storm water. They discharge into waterways which affects the lives of invertebrates in the water. In this context,the present research work attempts to compare a formulation devoid of metals i.e ceramic fibres, friction additives with thatof metal without compromise in the tribo performance. The parent formulation consists of 86%, and the rest is varied withCeramic fibers (NANM), Cu and Brass fibers (NACB), Steel wool (NASW). Furthermore, applying commonly used metalsulfides with natural graphite (NAGR) and a specialty additive, namely PG902 (NAPG) using polarized graphite developedin-house, was also studied. An investigation was carried out on all the developed brake pads to identify the performancemechanism, which revealed interesting results. The surface morphology of brake pad was studied by Scanning ElectronMicroscopy. The analysis concluded that Additive PG-902 played a significant role as transfer film, which is neither due tosulfur effect nor reaction product effect. This film layer is responsible for the stable friction and wear life of the friction couple.

Bioelectrochemical system for landfill leachate treatment – challenges, opportunities, and recommendations

Areeb Shehzad,Mohammed J. K. Bashir,Sumathi Sethupathi,Jun-Wei Lim,Muhammad Younas 한국자원공학회 2016 Geosystem engineering Vol.19 No.6

Increasing awareness of the energy–environment centers leads to the development of new technologies that have a direct impact on energy production and consumption during environmental remediation. Bioelectrochemical system (BES) is anticipated to be the emerging technology for the simultaneous removal/recovery of resources such as energy, nutrients, water, and heavy metals. Organic compounds inside the leachate are oxidized by micro-organisms which in turn lead to the production of energy and other value-added resources. Through the integration of membrane process such as forward osmosis in BES will help to recover the high-quality water for applications like agricultural. Recovery of metals is largely affected by uncertainty in concentration but still recovery of metal is achievable in leachate. Phosphorous and ammonia can be recovered through cathode reduction reactions driven by electricity generation. Low bioavailability of landfill leachate is one of the major challenges for BES which can be improved through proper pretreatment of landfill leachate. Another challenge of achieving the metal recovery from leachate is the low concentration of heavy metals. System scaling up remains as a great confront, especially for BES as energy production and consumption balance needs to be well understood. This review paper identified the key challenges, opportunities, and future recommendations for the recovery of resources from leachate using BES.

CRF Based Intrusion Detection System using Genetic Search Feature Selection for NSSA

Azhagiri M,Rajesh A,Rajesh P,Gowtham Sethupathi M International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2023 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.23 No.7

Network security situational awareness systems helps in better managing the security concerns of a network, by monitoring for any anomalies in the network connections and recommending remedial actions upon detecting an attack. An Intrusion Detection System helps in identifying the security concerns of a network, by monitoring for any anomalies in the network connections. We have proposed a CRF based IDS system using genetic search feature selection algorithm for network security situational awareness to detect any anomalies in the network. The conditional random fields being discriminative models are capable of directly modeling the conditional probabilities rather than joint probabilities there by achieving better classification accuracy. The genetic search feature selection algorithm is capable of identifying the optimal subset among the features based on the best population of features associated with the target class. The proposed system, when trained and tested on the bench mark NSL-KDD dataset exhibited higher accuracy in identifying an attack and also classifying the attack category.

Fabrication of thin film transistor using magnesium zinc oxide (MgZnO) as a semiconductor layer by magnetron sputtering technique

Amuthasurabi.M,Chandradass. J,Seong-Ju Park,Baskara Sethupathi.P 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2019 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.20 No.1

Inverted staggered thin film transistors (TFTs) using magnesium zinc oxide (MgZnO) material as a channel layer have beenfabricated over the glass substrate. A radio frequency magnetron sputtering technique was used to deposit thin films at a verylow temperature of 100 oC. The structural and electrical characteristics were investigated. The semiconductor film showsslightly enhanced grain size without any crack with few grain boundaries. For the first time the self heating effect on the TFTfabricated using MgZnO was discussed. The electrical characteristics of MgZnO based device exhibit reduced self-heatingeffect compared with undoped zinc oxide. The calculated parameters are carrier mobility 1.08 cm2/V-s, threshold voltage 15V, leakage current 10−10 A and current ratio (on/off) 10−5. The low deposition and processing temperatures make MgZnOTFTsvery promising for the flexible electronics.

Electrical characteristics of Zinc Oxide thin film transistor fabricated at high temperature by RF magnetron sputtering technique

M. Amuthasurabi,J. Chandradass,V Ramesh Babu,P.Baskara Sethupathi,M. Leenus Jesu Martin 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2017 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.18 No.11

We report on the performance of the thin film transistors (TFTs) using ZnO as an active channel layer grown by using radio frequency (rf) magnetron sputtering technique. The TFT device structure used in this study was a bottom gate type, which consists of SiNx as a gate insulator and indium tin oxide (ITO) as a gate deposited onto corning glass substrates. Electrical characteristics of the device showed clear saturation region without any output current degradation due to self heating effect. These ZnO TFTs had a saturation field effect mobility of about 2.14 cm2/Vs, an on to off ratio of greater than 105, the off current of less than 10−10 A and a threshold voltage of 15 V at a maximum device processing temperature of 350 oC. This TFT had a channel width of 300 μm and channel length of 30 μm. Moreover, the SiNx dielectric layer was found to be optimum for the high performance ZnO based TFTs because of the very low leakage current and good interface between the channel layer and gate material.

Process modeling and optimization of biological removal of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus from hospital wastewater in a continuous feeding & intermittent discharge (CFID) bioreactor

Meghdad Pirsaheb,Mitra Mohamadi,Amir Mohammad Mansouri,Ali Akbar Lorestani Zinatizadeh,Sethupathi Sumathi,Kiomars Sharafi 한국화학공학회 2015 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.32 No.7

We evaluated the feasibility and treatment performance of a continuous feeding and intermittent discharge (CFID) bioreactor treating real hospital wastewater with the emphasis on simultaneous carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus (CNP) removal. The experiments were based on a central composite design (CCD) and analyzed by response surface methodology (RSM). To analyze the process, three significant variables, aeration time (2-4 h), mixing time without aeration (30-90 min) and MLSS concentration (2,000-6,000mg/l), were studied. Results show that an increase in aeration time increased the nitrogen and phosphorous removal efficiency. However, when the aeration time was more than 3 h, the efficiency of phosphorous removal was decreased due to insufficient acidification. A similar scenario was observed when mixing time was increased for phosphorus and nitrogen removal efficiency. MLSS had a positive effect on all the responses. Under optimal conditions, the concentrations of quality parameter in the influent in average were recorded as 586 mg COD/l, 296mg BOD5/l, 97mgTN/l and 16.47mg TP/l, which yields the following removal efficiencies, 95.6%, 98.3%, 88.0% and 92.0%, respectively.