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Stimulus-Responsive Azobenzene Supramolecules: Fibers, Gels, and Hollow Spheres
Lee, Sumi,Oh, Seungwhan,Lee, Joosub,Malpani, Yashwardhan,Jung, Young-Sik,Kang, Baotao,Lee, Jin Yong,Ozasa, Kazunari,Isoshima, Takashi,Lee, Sang Yun,Hara, Masahiko,Hashizume, Daisuke,Kim, Jong-Man American Chemical Society 2013 Langmuir Vol.29 No.19
<P>Novel, stimulus-responsive supramolecular structures in the form of fibers, gels, and spheres, derived from an azobenzene-containing benzenetricarboxamide derivative, are described. Self-assembly of tris(4-((<I>E</I>)-phenyldiazenyl)phenyl)benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (<B>Azo-1</B>) in aqueous organic solvent systems results in solvent dependent generation of microfibers (aq DMSO), gels (aq DMF), and hollow spheres (aq THF). The results of a single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of <B>Azo-1</B> (crystallized from a mixture of DMSO and H<SUB>2</SUB>O) reveal that it possesses supramolecular columnar packing along the <I>b</I> axis. Data obtained from FTIR analysis and density functional theory (DFT) calculation suggest that multiple hydrogen bonding modes exist in the <B>Azo-1</B> fibers. UV irradiation of the microfibers, formed in aq DMSO, causes complete melting while regeneration of new fibers occurs upon visible light irradiation. In addition to this photoinduced and reversible phase transition, the <B>Azo-1</B> supramolecules display a reversible, fiber-to-sphere morphological transition upon exposure to pure DMSO or aq THF. The role played by amide hydrogen bonds in the morphological changes occurring in <B>Azo-1</B> is demonstrated by the behavior of the analogous, ester-containing tris(4-((<I>E</I>)-phenyldiazenyl)phenyl)benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate (<B>Azo-2</B>) and by the hydrogen abstraction in the presence of fluoride anions.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/langd5/2013/langd5.2013.29.issue-19/la400159m/production/images/medium/la-2013-00159m_0013.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/la400159m'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
한수미(Sumi Han),이상일(Sangil Lee),이경란(Kyungran Lee),이미옥(Miok Lee),이혜일(Hyeil Lee),김환(Hwan Kim) 한국산학기술학회 2021 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.22 No.11
본 연구의 목적은 상담자들의 온라인 상담 경험과 인식을 조사하고 미래 발전에 대한 제언을 도출하는 것이다. 상담자 93명을 대상으로 온라인 상담에 대한 설문을 실시했다. 설문의 내용은 ‘온라인 상담 경험 및 미래 전망’, ‘진행 및 구조화’, ‘비용’, ‘상담자 교육’과 관련된 영역으로 구성하였다. 조사 결과는 다음과 같다. 상담자들은 온라인 상담에 대해 대체로 긍정적인 인식을 가지고 있었다. 공공 플랫폼과 상업용 플랫폼을 중심으로 온라인 상담에 대한 참여가 이루어지고 있었다. 상담자들은 온라인 상담의 구조화된 진행이 중요하고, 사전계약, 동의서 작성 등이 상담에 도움이 된다고 응답했다. 다음으로, 온라인 상담은 10회기 미만으로 짧게 진행되어야 한다는 의견이 많았다. 그리고 온라인 상담이 내담자들의 요구와 인식의 부족으로 인해 대면 상담 보다 짧게 진행된다는 결과는 극복해야할 과제이다. 그리고 온라인 상담의 적절 비용과 교육에 대한 인식을 조사하였다. 마지막으로 온라인 상담 매뉴얼 개발, 윤리규정 확립, 대면 상담과의 연계, 온라인 상담 교육 및 훈련 강화라는 미래 발전을 위한 제언을 도출할 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과가 온라인 상담의 발전을 위한 기초 자료로 활용될 것으로 기대한다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the online counseling experiences and perceptions of field counselors and derive suggestions for future development. A survey was conducted on online counseling among 93 counselors. The contents of the questionnaire consisted of areas related to "online counseling experience and future prospects", "process and structure", "cost" and "counselor"s education". Counselors had a positive perception of online counseling. Participation in online counseling was conducted mainly on public and commercial platforms. Counselors responded that the structured process of online counseling was important, and prior contracts and written consent were helpful for counseling. There were many opinions that the online consultation should be conducted briefly in less than 10 sessions. They also responded that online counseling was shorter than face-to-face counseling due to the lack of awareness and needs of clients, which was a challenge to be overcome. We investigated the appropriate cost of online counseling and perception of education. Finally, suggestions for future development, such as the development of an online counseling manual, the establishment of ethical regulations, face-to-face counseling and reinforcement of online counseling education, were summarized. The results of this study will be used as basic data for the development of online counseling.
Kim, Eunhye,Ahn, Hyungju,Park, Sungmin,Lee, Hoyeon,Lee, Moongyu,Lee, Sumi,Kim, Taewoo,Kwak, Eun-Ae,Lee, Jun Han,Lei, Xie,Huh, June,Bang, Joona,Lee, Byeongdu,Ryu, Du Yeol American Chemical Society 2013 ACS NANO Vol.7 No.3
<P>The directed assembly of block copolymer nanostructures with large periods exceeding 100 nm remains challenging because the translational ordering of long-chained block copolymer is hindered by its very low chain mobility. Using a solvent-vapor annealing process with a neutral solvent, which was sequentially combined with a thermal annealing process, we demonstrate the rapid evolution of a perpendicularly oriented lamellar morphology in high molecular weight block copolymer films on neutral substrate. The synergy with the topographically patterned substrate facilitated unidirectionally structural development of ultrahigh molecular weight block copolymer thin filmseven for the structures with a large period of 200 nmleading to perfectly guided, parallel, and highly ordered line-arrays of perpendicularly oriented lamellae in the trenched confinement. This breakthrough strategy, which is applicable to nanolithographic pattern transfer to target substrates, can be a simple and efficient route to satisfy the demand for block copolymer assemblies with larger feature sizes on hundreds of nanometers scale.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancac3/2013/ancac3.2013.7.issue-3/nn3051264/production/images/medium/nn-2012-051264_0007.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nn3051264'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
이정원,이태녕,모수미,이진호,이대형,박수남,이보경 ( Joung Won Lee,Tae Young Lee,Sumi Mo,Jin Ho Lee,Dae Hyung Lee,Soo Nam Park,Bo Kyung Lee ) 생화학분자생물학회 1987 BMB Reports Vol.20 No.4
Three levels of L-ascorbic acid(AsA) were orally given to 20 male Hartley guinea pigs weighing average 428 g for five weeks. AsA level was 0, 2.5, and 100 mg per 100 g body weight per day in the deficient, the adequate, and the excess group, respectively. Plasma lipid peroxide value(TBA value) of deficient was increased to the highest among the three groups and both the adequate and the excess groups exhibited the lower TBA values, suggesting the antioxidant action of AsA. In the excess of AsA, plasma TBA value was greatly lowered one day after the feeding, but TBA value after 5 weeks was elevated comparable to that of the adequate. Aspirin administrating experiment suggested that this elevation was due to increased. production of prostaglandin(PG) endoperoxides induced by excess AsA. Thus it could be concluded that excess AsA actually inhibited the tissue lipid peroxidation in vivo. The activities of both superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase in erythrocytes demonstrated the elevations in the deficient comparing with the auequate, but not any significant variations in the excess. SOD activities were correlated with TBA value in liver (r = .324) and with percent hemolysis in erythrocytes (r = .323). Photohemolysis of erythrocyte was increased not only in the AsA deficient but also in the excess comparing with the adequate. A new finding that the large excess administration of AsA in guinea pig demonstrated a significant stimulation of PG endoperoxide biosynthesis, would suggest an important biochemical implication on vitamin C as an activator of phospholipase A₂ and/or PG endoperoxide synthetase. The stimulation of PG biosynthesis might be associated with the enhanced photohemolysis, and this problem needs to be further investigated.
LEE SUMI 계명대학교 한국학연구원 2019 Acta Koreana Vol.22 No.2
The Buddhist ethical concept of kuśala (C. shan 善), which is usually rendered as “wholesome” or “skillful,” has drawn significant scholarly attention. Although scholars have not reached a consensus on how to approach Buddhist ethical systems, it seems to be commonly acknowledged that the wholesome dharmas in early Buddhism are divided into two types: the wholesome dharmas on the mundane level and the wholesome dharmas on the supramundane level. According to the typical account of Buddhist soteriology, a practitioner should cultivate these two types of wholesome dharmas in order to reach the final goal of nirvāṇa. However, in Mahāyāna Buddhism, in which the division between the mundane and the supramundane sphere was ultimately denied, the distinction between the wholesome dharmas on the mundane and supramundane levels was often seen as being problematic. As a result, a philosophical problem arose concerning how to explain the doctrinal contrast between the ultimate universality and the concrete particularities. In ancient East Asia this problem emerged centering on the two conflicting notions of the Buddha-nature (Skt. buddha-dhātu, alt. tathāgatagarbha, C. foxing 佛性), the universal spiritual capability innate in all sentient beings, and the icchantikas (C. yichanti 一闡提), “incorrigibles,” those who are devoid of the capability (or, the wholesome dharmas) to attain Buddhahood. This article discusses the philosophical conundrum entailed from doctrinal incompatibility between the universal capability to become a Buddha and the beings who lack the wholesome dharmas by examining the Silla scholar monk Wŏnhyo’s 元曉 (617–686) understanding of the four antinomies (Skt. catuṣkoṭi, C. siju 四句) on the Buddha-nature of the Nirvāṇa Sutra.