캐나다의 임신중지 의료 지원 동향

이소영 ( Lee¸ Soyoung ) 한국보건사회연구원 2021 국제사회보장리뷰 Vol.18 No.-

캐나다에서 임신중지는 합법이다. 임신중지는 1988년 대법원이 형법에서 규정하는 낙태죄가 여성의 권리를 침해하기 때문에 위헌이라는 판결을 내림으로써 합법화가 되었다. 캐나다에서 임신중지가 합법화되는 이러한 과정은 우리나라에서 2019년 낙태죄를 규정하고 있는 형법 조항이 헌법불합치라는 판결을 내린 헌법재판소의 결정 과정과 유사한 점이 있다. 캐나다에서는 임신중지가 합법화된 이후 국가 의료보장 체계 내에서 임신중지 비용이 지원되고 상담 서비스가 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 그러나 접근성에서의 격차 문제와 임신중지를 제한하려는 지속적인 시도가 있다. 이러한 캐나다 사례는 입법 개정 과정에 있는 한국에 주는 시사점이 있다.

NPP-VIIRS야간 위성영상과 국지적 공간 통계를 이용한 시가지 추출 가능성 평가

주뢰 ( Lei Zhu ),조대헌 ( Daeheon Cho ),전창우 ( Changwoo Jeon ),이소영 ( Soyoung Lee ) 한국도시지리학회 2016 한국도시지리학회지 Vol.19 No.3

시가지 확산은 도시화나 토지이용변화의 측면에서 지리학 등 학문적인 연구 대상일 뿐만 아니라 도시 계획 및 관리를 위해서도 기본적인 관심사가 된다. 이 연구는 시가지를 파악하기 위한 방법으로 최근 주목 받고 있는 야간 위성영상의 적용 가능성을 살펴보고자 하는데, 특히 한국에서는 거의 활용되지 않은 NPP-VIIRS 데이터에 대한 국지적 공간 통계 분석의 활용 가능성을 평가하였다. 우리나라 중부지방을 대상으로 NPP-VIIRS 데이터와 국지적 공간연관성통계량(Getis and Ord`s G<sub>i</sub>*, local Moran`s I, and Lee`s S<sub>i</sub>*)을 통해 시가지를 추출한 후, 이를 참조 데이터와 비교 검토하였다. 실제 시가지보다 과장될 수 있는 야간 조명의 특성을 고려하여 야간 밝기 값을 그대로 사용하는 경우와 제곱을 통해 값 간의 편차를 더 크게 한 경우를 분석하였다. 추출된 시가지의 전체 면적 및 위치 일치도를 파악한 결과 원래 값 보다는 제곱을 한 경우, 그리고 국지적 공간연관성통계량 중에는 Getis and Ord`s G_i*의 결과가 참조 데이터들과 가장 유사한 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 지역에 따라 면적이나 위치 일치도 등이 차이를 보였는데, 수도권과 같이 도시화 수준이 높은 지역은 원 변수를 제곱한 경우가 더 나은 결과를 나타낸 반면, 지방의 경우는 원 변수를 사용하는 것이 더 나은 결과를 보였다. 하위지역을 별도로 분석한 결과에서는 도시화의 수준이 높은 지역에서 더 나은 결과를 보였지만 더 적합한 변수는 전체 지역을 분석한 결과와는 반대로 나타났다. Built-up area expansion has long been interested in the aspects of urbanization and land use change not only by academic studies on geography, but also by planners to make proper policies. This paper aims to evaluate the feasibility of NPP-VIIRS nighttime light data on built-up area extraction. Spatial statistical methods-local spatial association statistics (local SAS) (Getis and Ord`s G<sub>i</sub>*, Moran`s Ii, and Lee`s S_i*) were applied to extract built-up area with NPP-VIIRS images. Central Korea including capital region, Gangwon, Chungnam (including Daejeon and Sejong) and Chungbuk was taken as the study area. Results of raw value and square value of nighttime light value(digital number) were both considered and the results and accuracies were evaluated with the reference data. The results show that: 1) in general, results of square value are more consistent with the reference data than those of raw value for both area comparison and classification accuracy in central Korea, especially for G_i*; 2) for central Korea analysis, results of highly urbanized regions show a higher accuracy than those less urbanized in general, while the square value results of highly urbanized regions have higher accuracies, and raw value results are more accurate for regions with low urbanization level; 3) for subregional analysis, highly urbanized regions also have a higher accuracy, but contrary to the results of central Korea, raw value results have a higher accuracy in highly urbanized region, while square values perform better in less urbanized region for the urban extraction.

A Memorial Tribute to Kyoung-Min Lee: An Outstanding Behavioral Neurologist and Cognitive Neuroscientist

우성호,전현애,Soyoung Kang,Hyeyeon Joo,Min-Hee Seo,Eunbeen Lee,허재혁,Jeong-In Cha,Jeh-Kwang Ryu,Min-Jeong Kim 대한신경과학회 2022 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.18 No.6

Bilirubin Nanoparticle-Assisted Delivery of a Small Molecule-Drug Conjugate for Targeted Cancer Therapy

Lee, Soyoung,Lee, Yonghyun,Kim, Hyungjun,Lee, Dong Yun,Jon, Sangyong American Chemical Society 2018 Biomacromolecules Vol.19 No.6

<P>Despite growing interest in targeted cancer therapy with small molecule drug conjugates (SMDCs), the short half-life of these conjugates in blood associated with their small size has limited their efficacy in cancer therapy. In this report, we propose a new approach for improving the antitumor efficacy of SMDCs based on nanoparticle-assisted delivery. Ideally, a nanoparticle-based delivery vehicle would prolong the half-life of an SMDC in blood and then release it in response to stimuli in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this study, PEGylated bilirubin-based nanoparticles (BRNPs) were chosen as an appropriate delivery carrier because of their ability to release drugs in response to TME-associated reactive oxygen species (ROS) through rapid particle disruption. As a model SMDC, ACUPA-SN38 was synthesized by linking the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeting ligand, ACUPA, to the chemotherapeutic agent, SN38. ACUPA-SN38 was loaded into BRNPs using a film-formation and rehydration method. The resulting ACUPA-SN38@BRNPs exhibited ROS-mediated particle disruption and rapid release of the SMDC, resulting in greater cytotoxicity toward PSMA-overexpressing prostate cancer cells (LNCaP) than toward ROS-unresponsive ACUPA-SN38@Liposomes. In a pharmacokinetic study, the circulation time of ACUPA-SN38@BRNPs in blood was prolonged by approximately 2-fold compared with that of the SMDC-based micellar nanoparticles. Finally, ACUPA-SN38@BRNPs showed greater antitumor efficacy in a PSMA-overexpressing human prostate xenograft tumor model than SN38@BRNPs or the SMDC alone. Collectively, these findings suggest that BRNPs are a viable delivery carrier option for various cancer-targeting SMDCs that suffer from short circulation half-life and limited therapeutic efficacy.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

Genotypic and Environmental Effects on the Vitamin Content in Commercial Red Peppers

Soyoung Lee,Eun-Ha Kim,Sooyun Park,Sanggu Lee,Tae-Hoon Ryu,Hyeon-Jung Kang,Dayoung Baek,Hwi-Young Park,Gyeong Min Lee,Seon-Woo Oh 한국식품영양과학회 2019 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2019 No.10

Anne Riceʼs Vampire Myth and Its Gothic Tradition

Soyoung Lee 국제언어인문학회 2010 인문언어 Vol.12 No.2

Anne Rice's Vampire Myth and Its Gothic Tradition Soyoung Lee (Sangmyung University) Before the familiar image of Count Dracula was immortalized in literary world during the nineteenth-century, the origin of vampires would be traced back to the far-distant, unknowable past. The vampiric being used to be omnipresent in the human world both in terms of time and place; Bram Stoker created a new type of vampire who was disarmed by dropping old vampiric images such as horror and fear. Genealogically, Anne Rice's vampires, Louis and Lestat, succeeds Count Dracula; they are imbued with Romantic idealism and Decadent spirit, rather than the Medieval images. All Gothic elements such as the fantastic, imaginative, immoral, irrational and negative are associated with the Romantic pioneer, Lord Byron. With his work “The Giaour,” he created the first figure in English literature, representing the paradoxical qualities as a Gothic villain-hero. That is, Lestat echoes Dracula, and Dracula echoes Giaour as ‘Byronic Heroes.’ Understanding the social, moral and literary context covers how Rice's vampires embrace generic and aesthetic Romantic conventions. Gothic spirit celebrates the sublime, which is associated with excessive emotions first, and then, with the supernatural, sensational and superstitious fancies. Excessive emotions erase the proper limits of order, and obscure the boundaries of life: Gothic transgressions bring both an overflow of strong creative force and a fear of moral collapse. Endless inquiries about God and Devil, sexual debauchery, the incestuous relationship, and the game-like killing touch the bottom of corruptible fin de siecle notions. As asserted by Horace Walpole, the Gothic spirit is more related with ‘spreading a pleasure’ than ‘producing a lesson.’ A number of the Victorian writers, however, happily adopted the realism techniques based upon probability in life. The majority of Victorian writers wanted to portray their world as it were: exotic settings were displaced with more familiar realms such as the bourgeois domestic world or the new urban landscape. This is also adopted by Anne Rice to portray her vampiric atmosphere in terms of a compromise between the simple, detailed description and the imaginative expansion in writing. Anne Rice, as a Romantic successor to Stoker, sincerely follows Gothic conventions; she also brings her innovative adaptations of these conventions by moving her figures both temporally and spatially. She makes her vampires humanized to bring them into human society. Today, her vampires are not marginal any more. They are just a bit different from human being, as composites of half-human/half-inhuman entities. They do not convey Victorian issues such as darkness, danger and mystery any more.

Evaluation of the effects of food on levodropropizine controlled-release tablet and its pharmacokinetic profile in comparison to that of immediate-release tablet

Lee, Soyoung,Nam, Kyu-Yeol,Oh, Jaeseong,Lee, SeungHwan,Cho, Sang-Min,Choi, Youn-Woong,Cho, Joo-Youn,Lee, Beom-Jin,Hong, Jang Hee Dove Medical Press 2018 Drug design, development and therapy Vol.12 No.-

<P><B>Background</B></P><P>Levodropropizine is a non-opioid antitussive agent that inhibits cough reflex by reducing the release of sensory peptide in the peripheral region. To improve patients’ compliance, a controlled-release (CR) tablet is under development. The aim of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles of the CR and immediate-release (IR) tablets of levodropropizine. In addition, the effect of food on the PK properties of levodropropizine CR tablet in healthy subjects was evaluated.</P><P><B>Subjects and methods</B></P><P>A randomized, open-label, multiple-dose, three-treatment, three-period, six-sequence, crossover study was conducted on 47 healthy subjects. All subjects were randomly assigned to one of the six sequences, which involve combinations of the following three treatments: levodropropizine IR 60 mg three times in the fasted state (R), levodropropizine CR 90 mg two times in the fasted state (T), and levodropropizine CR 90 mg two times in the fed state (TF). Serial blood samples were collected up to 24 h after the first dose. Tolerability was assessed based on the vital signs, adverse events (AEs), and clinical laboratory tests.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Levodropropizine CR showed lower maximum drug concentration (<I>C</I><SUB>max</SUB>) and similar total exposure compared to levodropropizine IR. The geometric mean ratios (GMRs) (90% confidence intervals [CIs]) of T to R for the <I>C</I><SUB>max</SUB> and area under the concentration–time curve from the 0 to 24 h time points (AUC<SUB>0–24h</SUB>) were 0.80 (0.75–0.85) and 0.89 (0.86–0.93), respectively. In the fed group, levodropropizine CR showed exposure similar to that in the fasted group. The GMRs (90% CIs) of TF to T for the <I>C</I><SUB>max</SUB> and AUC<SUB>0–24h</SUB> were 0.90 (0.85–0.97) and 1.10 (1.05–1.14), respectively. No serious AEs occurred with both levodropropizine CR and IR tablets.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>Total systemic exposure for levodropropizine was similar in subjects receiving the CR and IR formulations in terms of the AUC. Although food delayed the absorption of levodropropizine CR, systemic exposure was not affected.</P>

Development and Biological Evaluation of Potent and Selective c-KIT^D816V Inhibitors

Lee, Soyoung,Lee, Hyunseung,Kim, Jinhee,Lee, Suhyun,Kim, Soo Jung,Choi, Byong-Seok,Hong, Soon-Sun,Hong, Sungwoo American Chemical Society 2014 Journal of medicinal chemistry Vol.57 No.15

<P>The c-KIT tyrosine kinase has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for an array of diseases. However, there exists a drug resistance that is caused by mutations in c-KIT; therefore, c-KIT remains as a clinical challenge due to limited effective treatment options for therapies. For example, the acquired activating point mutation D816V significantly impairs the efficacy of targeted cancer therapies. Understanding the mechanisms of drug resistance at the molecular level will aid in designing and developing particular inhibitors with the potential to overcome these resistance mutations. We undertake a structure-based de novo design of 7-azaindole as the molecular core using the modified scoring function. This approach led to an identification of new c-KIT inhibitors over 100-fold specific for the D816V mutant relative to the wild-type c-KIT with nanomolar inhibitory activity. More importantly, these compounds potently inhibit clinically relevant D816V mutations of c-KIT in biochemical and cellular studies.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jmcmar/2014/jmcmar.2014.57.issue-15/jm500413g/production/images/medium/jm-2014-00413g_0019.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jm500413g'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Lifecycle cost assessment of best management practices for diffuse pollution control in Han River Basin

Soyoung Lee,Marla C. Maniquiz-Redillas,Jeong Yong Lee,Hyunsaing Mun,Lee-Hyung Kim 한국습지학회 2016 한국습지학회지 Vol.18 No.4

환경부는 비점오염원 관리를 위해 시범사업으로 12개의 비점오염 저감시설을 경안천 유역에 설치하였으며, 2006년부 터 모니터링이 시작되었다. 본 연구는 비점오염 저감시설의 오염부하량, 저감효율, 유지관리 활동 등의 장기간 수행된 모니터링 결과를 바탕으로 각 시설의 경제성을 평가하기 위해 수행되었으며, 생애주기비용(Lifecycle cost, LCC)을 분 석하였다. 비점오염 저감시설의 유지관리는 시설경관을 향상시키기 위한 심미적 관리가 중점적으로 수행된 것으로 나 타났으며, 저류형 시설(Retention Pond, RP)이 년간 8,483$, 침투형 시설(Infiltration System, IS)이 8,888$로 대부분 비슷한 비용이 발생한 것으로 분석되었다. LCC는 인공습지(Constructed Wetland, CW)가 가장 높은 것($418,324)으 로 나타났으며, 반면에 식생형 시설(Vegetated System, VS)이 가장 낮은 것($210,418)으로 분석되었다. 본 연구에서 조사된 비점오염 저감시설의 LCC와 하수처리장 등 수질처리시설의 LCC를 비교한 결과 비점오염 저감시설이 낮은 것 으로 나타났다. 한편, 처리용량 대비 생애주기비용이 높아질수록 TSS와 TN의 저감효율은 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과는 비용효율적인 비점오염 저감시설을 설계하는데 유용하게 활용될 것으로 기대되며, 향후 LCC 모델 의 기초자료에도 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. Diffuse pollution management in Korea initiated by the Ministry of Environment (MOE) resulted to the construction of pilot facilities termed Best Management Practices (BMPs). Twelve BMPs installed for the diffuse pollution management in the Kyung-An Stream were monitored since 2006. Data on the mass loading, removal efficiency, maintenance activities, etc. were gathered and utilized to conduct the evaluation of long-term performance of BMPs. The financial data such as actual construction, design and maintenance cost were also collected to evaluate the lifecycle cost (LCC) of BMPs. In this study, most of the maintenance activity was focused in the aesthetic maintenance that resulted to the annual maintenance cost of the four BMP types was closely similar ranging from 8,483 $/yr for retention pond to 8,888 $/yr infiltration system. The highest LCC were observed in constructed wetland ($418,324) while vegetated system had the lowest LCC ($210,418). LCC of BMPs was not so high as compared with the conventional treatment facility and sewage treatment plant. On the other hand, the relationship of removal efficiency on unit cost for TSS and TN was significant. This study will be used to design the cost effective BMP for diffuse pollution management and become models for LCC analysis.

초등영어 수업시수 확대가 학생들의 영어 성취도에 미치는 영향

이소영(Lee, Soyoung),김성연(Kim, Sung-Yeon),이완기(Lee, Won-Key),이재희(Lee, Jai-Hee) 한국초등영어교육학회 2008 초등영어교육 Vol.14 No.3

Primary schools in Korea have offered English classes once a week while the 5th and the 6th graders receive two classes per week. However, the instructional hours have been considered insufficient to improve students' communicative ability and satisfy their needs for English learning. Accordingly, the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology has piloted a new program that increases the instructional hours of primary school English classes for the 3rd to the 6th graders. Under the current system, the 3rd and the 4th graders take English classes. As part of the research on the program, the present study investigated whether instructional hours of English classes would be effective in terms of students' English achievement. The findings show that the students in the experimental group with increased instructional hours generally performed better on the English achievement test than their counterparts.