뉴질랜드 낙농업의 구조변화 분석

곽영태,박민수,천동원 한국국제농업개발학회 2004 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.16 No.4

뉴질랜드의 낙농업은 온화한 기후, 연중 고른 강수량, 넓은 면적의 초지 및 외부로부터 격리된 지리적 여건 등 천혜의 자연적 환경으로 인하여 일찍부터 국가 기간산업으로 발달되어 왔다. 또한 1984년부터 실시된 경제개혁의 결과 지금은 세계 유제품 시장의 약 31%를 차지하는 낙농 강국으로 성장 하였으며, 최근 10년간(1993년~2002년)뉴질랜드 낙농업의 구조변화를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 군수는 5.6%나 감소하여 규모화가 진행되고 있으며, 반면 사육두수는 4.2%, 평균 군 규모는 50.6%, 목장 평균면적은 39.2% 각각 증가하였다. 또한 호당 초지 면적이 2001/02년도 현재 103 ㏊, 호당 사육규모는 271두로 초지에 바탕을 둔 방목위주 사육으로 저비용 고품질의 우유를 생산하고 있다. 2. 노동 집약적인 낙농업에 종사하면서도 여유로운 생활을 즐기기 위해 자가 운영형태에서 분배 착유형태로의 운영구조 전환이 서서히 이루어지고 있는 것으로 나타나고 있다. 3. 사육규모별로 볼 때 200두 미만의 군수가 급격히 감소 추세에 있으며, 상대적으로 300두 이상의 군수가 증가 추세에 있다. 특히, 500두 이상 규모의 확대가 빠르게 진행되고 있다 4. 매년 생산된 유제품의 90% 이상을 세계시장으로 수출하는 수출형 낙농으로 확고한 기반을 확립하고 있다. 5. 조수입의 증가율이 133%로 나타난 반면 경영비 증가율은 94%에 불과하여 소득 증가율이 232%로 높게 나타났다. 6. 뉴질랜드 낙농농가의 자본구조는 매우 양호한 상태로 나타나고 있다. 즉 2001/02년 현재 자기 자본비율 67%, 부채비율 50%로 나타나 국제경쟁력 강화에 긍정적인 요소로 작용하고 있다. 특징적인 면은 고정자산에 투자된 비율이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 위의 결과를 통해서 볼 때, 우리나라의 낙농업이 초지부족에 따른 방목위주로의 전환이 어려운 현실임을 감안하더라도 기존 초지의 철저한 활용, 답리작 사료작물 재배 및 임간초지의 개발 등으로 조사료 급여 비율을 높임으로써 농후 사료비를 절감 할 수 있는 방안을 강구하여야 할 것이다. 아울러 생산비 절감을 위한 규모 확대 방안을 적극적으로 마련해야만 국제경쟁력을 가질 것으로 판단된다. The objectives of this study are to analyze the structural change of New Zealand dairy industry for the last ten years and to make a few suggestions to strengthen the competitive power of Korean dairy industry. The main results are as follows; First, there were big changes in dairy herd size, dairy cattle number and dairy farm size. Second, in operating structure, the ratio of sharemilkers was increasing, on the other hand, the ratio of owner-operators was decreasing, Third, in herd size, herds below 200 heads were decreasing, herds over 300 heads were increasing. Fourth, dairy industry focuses on export, annually over 90% of milk products produced was exported. Fifth, farm revenue increased by 133%, operating cost increased by 94%, farm profit increased by 232% for the last ten years. Sixth, in capital structure, owner's equity ratio was 67%, debt ratio was 50% in 2001/02, on the other hand, ratio of investment in fixed assets was high. As a result, this study suggests that Korean dairy industry has to enlarge grass-land as much as possible to reduce a production cost, also it has to strengthen a competitive power with enlargement in farm size.

기판 종류와 전처리 방법에 따른 선택적 구리 박막 특성

곽성관,김동식,정관수 慶熙大學校 材料科學技術硏究所 1999 材料科學技術硏究論集 Vol.12 No.-

First, four different substrates, Si, SiO_(2), WN, and TiN, were used to examine the Cu deposition mechanism at the substrate surface. The initial stages of nucleation, density and grain size of the Cu thin film were investigated by performing the deposition at substrate temperatures ranging from 150 to 220℃ with a deposition time of 1 min. The results showed an increase in the Cu nuclei size with increasing deposition temperature for all four substrates. More specifically, WN and TiN substrates showed particle sizes at low temperature (150℃) which were significantly larger than for Si and SiO_(2) substrates nuclei sizes. Selective Cu deposition was achieved by depositing a TiN layer on a SiO_(2) substrate followed by patterning, thus creating two separate SiO_(2) and TiN surfaces. In order to study selective factors of Cu thin films, after SC1 cleaning, HF treatment and passivation treatment of the substrate, we have investigated deposition properties of selective Cu thin films. According to the pretreatment methods of the substrate surface, it showed very sensitive selective deposition properties from the experiment's result. Thus, from the above result, though Cu dry echting technique at room temperature is not yet developed, we could get some possibility to use Cu as semiconductor metallization.

변환에 의한 기하교육

곽동애,기우항,우경수 慶北大學校 師範大學 科學敎育硏究所 1998 科學敎育硏究誌 Vol.22 No.-

This study is on the historical view of the geometry and the associated theoretical background of related transformations. From the ancient Greek ages, the geometric teaching relating to transformations was of great importance. Generally, the geometry, was developed in the following order such as the Euclidean geometry, affine geometry, and topological geometry. But in the development of space recognition, the recognition of the topological properties such as the inner and outer part, the openness and closedness, the connectedness of curves precedes the affine and euclidean recognition in the geometric figures. In the current geometry, they usually deal the Euclidean geometry to improve the geometrical insights and the ability of arguments. But they also introduced the topological geometry such as the Mobius band, one touch drawing, the Euler's formula. But there are no absolute truth in mathematics, so we should develop several new kinds of programs containing the affine geometry and topological geometry for the students.

One-Coil Coin Type 진동 Motor의 특성 개선

곽동수,김상길,신흥교 경상대학교 생산기술연구소 2000 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.16 No.-

This paper presentsthe characteristic improvements of one-coil coin type vibration motor. The rotor consists of coreless coil and 4 segments commutator. The magnet has 4 poles and is magnetized in the direction of z-axis. This one-coil coin type vibration motor has simple mechanical structure and good efficiency. So production cost is lower than other coin type motors having 2 or more coils. But it has the weak points. Such as small vibration magnitude and dead zone. By modifying the shape of rotor, vibration magnitude is increased. To avoid the dead zone we attached more magnetic body on rotor. As result, we show the optimal position of magnetic body.

자연정화공법에 의한 소형 하수처리장치 개발을 위한 최적 깊이 및 호기ㆍ협기 비율

서동철,박미령,곽내운,황하나,이홍재,조주식,허종수 한국환경농학회 2006 한국환경농학회지 Vol.25 No.1

대기압 스트리머 코로나방전특성 및 이산화탄소 전환특성

조문수,김학규,곽동주,신용섭 경성대학교 공학기술연구소 2001 공학기술연구지 Vol.8 No.-

Deep interests have been paid on the application of non-thermal plasma technique th solve the environmental pollution problems. CO_2 is one of the severe pollutants which cause the acid rain and global warming. In this study, in order to improve the conversion efficiency of CO_2, the streamer corona discharge plasma and barrier discharge plasma reactors were made, and the conversion characteristics of CO_2 by the corona discharge plasma and some discharge characteristics of these discharge chambers are studied experimentally.

아세톤 溶媒속에서 N,N^´-디메칠아닐린의 벤조일레이숀 親核置換反應에 관한 연구

呂壽東,郭永佑 慶北大學校 1975 論文集 Vol.20 No.-

The rate of the reaction of N, N'-dimethylaniline with various substituted benzoylchlorides has been measured by using spectrophotometer in acetone at 580㎚ and three different temperatures. The reaction was second order overall and pseudo first order with respect to each reactant. The rate constants were increased by electron-donating substituents, while they were decreased by electron-withdrawing groups. However, reaction of p-bromo and p-chloro benzoylchloride with N, N'-dimethylaniline had an abnormality in comparison with m-nitro and p-nitro benzoylchloride. Kinetic investigation carried out on this reaction showed that C-Cl bond breaking reaction predominates in the case of electron-releasing substituent but C-C bond making reaction becomes increasingly in the case of electron-withdrawing substituent. Activation parameters for the benzoylation were calculated.

구강외과 외래 환자의 통계학적 분석

변종수,곽동호 慶北大學校 齒科大學 1987 慶北齒大論文集 Vol.4 No.1

This is a staticstical analysis of outpatients in our dept. from 1986.1.1. to 1986. 12. 31. We analyzed the patients by the sex,age, disease,causes of fracture of facial bones. Particularly, we obtained the rate of the patient of the medical insurance. The results were as follows; 1. The sex ratio was 5.7:4.3 (M:F) 2. Among the total 3,239 cases of the patients, the smiple extraction was 25.41%, surgical extraction was 14.28%, inflammatory disease was 6.73%. cyst was 2.22%, fracture of the facial lone was 1.20% and tumor was 0.96%. 3. The august showed the highest visit ratio in the years. 4. Medical insurance was 65.99%, general patient 2.00%, and industrial accident insurance was 0.65%. 5. The major etiologic factor of the facial bone fracture was fights (38.5%), industrial accident(3%) in orders.

TFD 소자의 전기적 특성에 관한 상위전극의 영향

최희동,이명재,고동완,곽성관,김동식,정관수 慶熙大學校 레이저 工學硏究所 2002 레이저공학 Vol.13 No.-

In this work, we examined the electrical and mechanical characteristics of TFD devices for various top electrode materials by measuring barrier height and performing ASE depth profile. It was found that the shift of current-voltage(Ⅰ-Ⅴ) characteristics of TFD device depends on the top electrode material. The main reason of the asymmetry in Ⅰ-Ⅴ curve was the differences in barrier height of top and bottom electrodes, and chemical composition at the interface region between top electrode and insulator layer also was important reason. The barrier heights(φ_B) evaluated from temperature dependence of the Ⅰ-Ⅴ relation are 0.7795(Al) 1.0287(Ti) and 1.2928(Ta) eV.

삼풍 사고 생존자들의 정신과적 증상

이민수,한창수,곽동일,이준상 大韓神經精神醫學會 1997 신경정신의학 Vol.36 No.5

1995년 6월 29일 발생한 삼풍 백화점 붕괴사고의 생존자들을 정신과적으로 면담하여 이들의 정신적인 후유증의 여부와 증상의 빈도를 보고자 하였다. 1995년 11월에 안암병원에 내원한 삼풍사고 생존자 중, 정신과적 진찰을 받은 681명의 면담 자료를 대상으로 하여 기술통계 및 빈도분석을 실시하였다. 대상 환자들이 호소하는 증상 중 가장 흔한 증상은 수면장애로 전체환자의 54.2%가 호소하였다. 그 다음으로 두통(31.8%), 예민성(23.3%), 기억나는 상황에서의 심한 고통(24.2%)의 순으로 나타났다. 신체증상 중에는 두통, 흉부 불편감, 사지통, 요통, 소화기계 이상의 순으로 증상을 호소하였다. 위의 결과로 보아 내원 환자의 대부분이 정신과적 증상을 호소하고 있었다. 본 연구에서는 생존자들이 한국의 문화적, 사회적 배경에 따라 서구의 환자들과 다른 양상으로 신체 증상을 호소할 가능성을 고려하였으나, 결과는 서구의 연구결과와 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 향후 이 결과를 근거로 하여 외상후에 나타나는 증상들을 한국적 상황에 맞게 분별할 수 있는 자료를 제시할 수 있을 것이다. In order to evaluate psychiatric symptoms in survivors of the Sampoong accident, we interviewed 624 survivors of the accident. The most common complaint of the subjects was sleep disturbance(54.2%). And then, headache(31.8%), irritability and anger(23.3%), intense distress over reminders(24.2%) followed. Common somatic complaints were headache, chest discomfort, extremity pain, backache, and gastrointestinal discomfort. This study revealed that most of the subjects had various psychiatric symptoms after the Sampoong accident.