Organic-rich source rock characterization and evaluation of the Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation: results from geophysical logs of the second scientific drilling borehole in the Songliao Basin, NE China

Xiaohuan Zhang,Changchun Zou,Jinhuan Zhao,Ning Li,Shuxia Zhang,Kouamelan Serge Kouamelan,Liang Xiao,Huolin Ma,Yixiong Niu 한국지질과학협의회 2019 Geosciences Journal Vol.23 No.1

The second continental scientific drilling (SKII east) borehole in the Songliao Basin has been planned to be the deepest borehole to drill through the Cretaceous continental strata under the framework of the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) up to date. This borehole was designed not only to explore the potential relationships between dinosaur extinction and climate environment during the Cretaceous but also to achieve new breakthroughs in oil and gas exploration. The high hydrocarbon (oil and gas) potential of a source rock is highly dependent on its organic content. We used geophysical log data of Borehole SKII east to evaluate the organic content of organic-rich source rock. In the period of the first member in the Qingshankou Formation (K2qn1) from the study area, high accommodation space and anoxic environment could promote organic matter deposition. Firstly, based on geological information and abundant geophysical log data, the basic geophysical characteristics (including petrophysical, lithological, mineralogical, and sedimentary properties) of the Qingshankou Formation in Borehole SKII east were studied. Secondly, geophysical log response characteristics (including resistivity, porosity, radioactivity, mineral and element) of organic-rich source rocks were analyzed. Thirdly, we tried to obtain suitable methods to predict total organic carbon (TOC) content of the target formation with geophysical log data. The laboratorymeasured TOC values of core samples from Borehole SKI south were used to make calibrations with calculated TOC values from geophysical logs. Results from improved ΔlogR technique and Dual_Vsh method are consistent, and indicate that these two methods are effective in this formation. The calculated TOC values from these two methods are relatively desirable, and show that the organic-rich source rocks with high TOC content occurred in the K2qn1 (1646.00~1669.00 m). The highest TOC content can reach 9.15%. The bed thicknesses of organic-rich source rocks are totally up to 7.88 m. These organic-rich source rocks can be considered as excellent. This study demonstrated that improve ΔlogR technique can be applied to evaluate source rocks in the formations without maturity data, and the new method Dual_Vsh is also valid in the Qingshankou Formation. The organic-rich source rock evaluation results could promote further exploration and development of oil and gas resources in the upper Cretaceous formations, Songliao Basin.

Overexpression of the Cytokinin Oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX) from Medicago sativa Enhanced Salt Stress Tolerance of Arabidopsis

Shuxia Li,Yunru An,Shaya Hailati,Jing Zhang,Yuman Cao,Yushi Liu,Jincai Geng,Tianming Hu,Peizhi Yang 한국식물학회 2019 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.62 No.5

Cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKXs) areinvolved in various physiological processes, includingcytokinins (CKs) catabolism, root system architecture andresponse to abiotic stresses in plants. Alfalfa (Medicagosativa) is a widely cultivated forage which is frequentlythreatened by high salinity, and the potential role of CKXs inalleviating the salt stress in alfalfa lacked attention. In thisstudy, we isolated a CKX gene from alfalfa, MsCKX(MK177192), and identified its biological functions byoverexpressing it in Arabidopsis. MsCKX shares high sequenceidentity with CKX from other legume plants, especiallyMedicago truncatula (98%). MsCKX was clearly tissuespecific,and it was mainly expressed in roots. In addition,the expression of MsCKX increased under salt stress andabscisic acid (ABA) treatment. Overexpression of MsCKXgene increased the activity of CKX, which led to an enlargedroot system in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Overexpressionof MsCKX gene enhanced salt tolerance of transgenic plantsby maintaining a higher K+/Na+ ratio, enhancing the activities ofantioxidant enzymes to scavenge ROS and increasing theexpression levels of stress-related genes (P5CS1, DREB2,ion transporters and H+ pumps). Taken together, these resultsshed light on the roles of MsCKX involved in salt toleranceand may have applications in salt-resistant breeding ofalfalfa.

Exploring on Integration of Soil Nutrient Grading Index for Large-Regional Soil Nutrient Mapping in China

Shuxia Wu,Weili Zhang,Aiguo Xu 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6

Porcine circovirus type 2 increases interleukin-1beta and interleukin-10 production via the MyD88–NF-kappa B signaling pathway in porcine alveolar macrophages in vitro

Junyuan Han,Shuxia Zhang,Yaqun Zhang,Mengmeng Chen,Yingjun Lv 대한수의학회 2017 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.18 No.2

Porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) represent the first line of defense in the porcine lung after infection with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) via the respiratory tract. However, PCV2 infection impairs the microbicidal capability of PAMs and alters cytokine production and/or secretion. At present, the reason for the imbalance of cytokines has not been fully elucidated, and the regulatory mechanisms involved are unclear. In this study, we investigated the expression levels and regulation of interleukin-1beta (IL-1b) and IL-10 in PAMs following incubation with PCV2 in vitro. Levels of IL-1b and IL-10 increased in PAM supernatants, and the distribution of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) p65 staining in nucleus, expression of MyD88 and p-IkB in cytoplasm, and DNA-binding activity of NF-kB increased after incubation with PCV2, while p65 expression in PAM cytoplasm decreased. However, when PAMs were co-incubated with PCV2 and small interfering RNA targeting MyD88, those effects were reversed. Additionally, mRNA expression levels of Toll-like receptors (TLR)-2, -3, -4, -7, -8, and -9 increased when PAMs were incubated with PCV2. These results show that PCV2 induces increased IL-1b and IL-10 production in PAMs, and these changes in expression are related to the TLR–MyD88–NF-kB signaling pathway.

Minimum Bandwidth Regenerating Codes Based on Cyclic VFR Codes

( Jing Wang ),( Shuxia Wang ),( Tiantian Wang ),( Xuefei Zhang ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2019 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.13 No.7

In order to improve the reliability and repair efficiency of distributed storage systems, minimum bandwidth regenerating (MBR) codes based on cyclic variable fractional repetition (VFR) codes are constructed in this thesis, which can repair failed nodes accurately. Specifically, in order to consider the imbalance of data accessed by the users, cyclic VFR codes are constructed according to that data with different heat degrees are copied in different repetition degrees. Moreover, we divide the storage nodes into groups, and construct MBR codes based on cyclic VFR codes to improve the file download speed. Performance analysis and simulation results show that, the repair locality of a single node failure is always 2 when MBR codes based on cyclic VFR codes are adopted in distributed storage systems, which is obviously superior to the traditional MBR codes. Compared with RS codes and simple regenerating codes, the proposed MBR codes based on cyclic VFR codes have lower repair locality, repair complexity and bandwidth overhead, as well as higher repair efficiency. Moreover, relative to FR codes, the MBR codes based on cyclic VFR codes can be applicable to more storage systems.

An efficient estimation for the parameter in additive partially linear models with missing covariates

Wang Xiuli,Song Yunquan,Zhang Shuxia 한국통계학회 2020 Journal of the Korean Statistical Society Vol.49 No.3

In this paper, we study the weighted quantile average estimation technique for the parameter in additive partially linear models with missing covariates, which is proved to be an efficient method. The proposed method is based on optimally combining information over different quantiles via multiple quantile regression. We establish asymptotic normality of the weighted quantile average estimators when the selection probability is known, estimated using the non-parametrical method and parametrical method, respectively. Moreover, we compute optimal weights by minimizing asymptotic variance and then obtain the corresponding optimal weighted quantile average estimators. To examine the finite performance of our proposed method, we use the numerical simulations and apply to model time sober for the patients from a rehabilitation center. Simulation results and data analysis further verify that the proposed method is an efficient and safe alternative to both theWCQRmethod andWLSmethod.

Compositional and structural variations of bitumen and its interactions with mineral matters during Huadian oil shale pyrolysis

Zhibing Chang,Mo Chu,Chao Zhang,Shuxia Bai,Hao Lin,Liangbo Ma 한국화학공학회 2017 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.34 No.12

Thermal bitumen is an important intermediate derived from kerogen decomposition during oil shale pyrolysis. In this study, free bitumen (FB) and bound bitumen (BB) were obtained by extracting oil shale chars (300- 550 oC) before and after demineralization, and then analyzed by liquid chromatography fractionation, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The FB yield first increased and then decreased with increasing temperature, and the maximum value was 2.10% at 400 oC. The decarboxylation of acids and decomposition of esters at 350-450 oC decreased the content of these compounds. Meanwhile, the intense cracking reactions of aliphatic compounds and alkyl chains at 400-450 oC decreased the carbon chain lengths and molecular weights of these compounds. From the analytical results obtained for the BB fractions, we suggest that some carboxylic acids or carboxyl group-containing compounds may be trapped on carbonate particles by the formation of Ca2+COO− bonds, whereas other oxygenated compounds (e.g., esters and phenols) can be adsorbed preferentially by clay minerals through Lewis acid-base interactions.

Caspase-3 inhibitor inhibits enterovirus D68 production

Wenbo Huo,Jinghua Yu,Chunyu Liu,Ting Wu,Yue Wang,Xiangling Meng,Fengmei Song,Shuxia Zhang,Ying Su,Yumeng Liu,Jinming Liu,Xiaoyan Yu,Shucheng Hua 한국미생물학회 2020 The journal of microbiology Vol.58 No.9

Enterovirus D68 (EVD68) is an emerging pathogen that recently caused a large worldwide outbreak of severe respiratory disease in children. However, the relationship between EVD68 and host cells remains unclear. Caspases are involved in cell death, immune response, and even viral production. We found that caspase-3 was activated during EVD68 replication to induce apoptosis. Caspase-3 inhibitor (Z-DEVDFMK) inhibited viral production, protected host cells from the cytopathic effects of EVD68 infection, and prevented EVD68 from regulating the host cell cycle at G0/G1. Meanwhile, caspase-3 activator (PAC-1) increased EVD68 production. EVD68 infection therefore activates caspase-3 for virus production. This knowledge provides a potential direction for the prevention and treatment of disease related to EVD68.