Organic-rich source rock characterization and evaluation of the Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation: results from geophysical logs of the second scientific drilling borehole in the Songliao Basin, NE China

Xiaohuan Zhang,Changchun Zou,Jinhuan Zhao,Ning Li,Shuxia Zhang,Kouamelan Serge Kouamelan,Liang Xiao,Huolin Ma,Yixiong Niu 한국지질과학협의회 2019 Geosciences Journal Vol.23 No.1

The second continental scientific drilling (SKII east) borehole in the Songliao Basin has been planned to be the deepest borehole to drill through the Cretaceous continental strata under the framework of the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) up to date. This borehole was designed not only to explore the potential relationships between dinosaur extinction and climate environment during the Cretaceous but also to achieve new breakthroughs in oil and gas exploration. The high hydrocarbon (oil and gas) potential of a source rock is highly dependent on its organic content. We used geophysical log data of Borehole SKII east to evaluate the organic content of organic-rich source rock. In the period of the first member in the Qingshankou Formation (K2qn1) from the study area, high accommodation space and anoxic environment could promote organic matter deposition. Firstly, based on geological information and abundant geophysical log data, the basic geophysical characteristics (including petrophysical, lithological, mineralogical, and sedimentary properties) of the Qingshankou Formation in Borehole SKII east were studied. Secondly, geophysical log response characteristics (including resistivity, porosity, radioactivity, mineral and element) of organic-rich source rocks were analyzed. Thirdly, we tried to obtain suitable methods to predict total organic carbon (TOC) content of the target formation with geophysical log data. The laboratorymeasured TOC values of core samples from Borehole SKI south were used to make calibrations with calculated TOC values from geophysical logs. Results from improved ΔlogR technique and Dual_Vsh method are consistent, and indicate that these two methods are effective in this formation. The calculated TOC values from these two methods are relatively desirable, and show that the organic-rich source rocks with high TOC content occurred in the K2qn1 (1646.00~1669.00 m). The highest TOC content can reach 9.15%. The bed thicknesses of organic-rich source rocks are totally up to 7.88 m. These organic-rich source rocks can be considered as excellent. This study demonstrated that improve ΔlogR technique can be applied to evaluate source rocks in the formations without maturity data, and the new method Dual_Vsh is also valid in the Qingshankou Formation. The organic-rich source rock evaluation results could promote further exploration and development of oil and gas resources in the upper Cretaceous formations, Songliao Basin.

Non-devastating Islanding Detection for Micro-grid Based on Mathematical Statistics

Xiaohuan Wang,Chunjiang Zhang,Wenchao Zhao,Xiao Mu 전력전자학회 2011 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2011 No.5

Conventional passive islanding detection methods have disadvantages of non-detection zone (NDZ). Active ones can reduce or eliminate NDZ, but their operation mechanism is forcing the voltage or frequency into the fault range, which is a devastating islanding detection approach. However, the non-devastating islanding method without NDZ is desirable for micro-grid applications. A novel active islanding detection method based on mathematical statistics for three-phase inverter is proposed. In this paper, 0-1 sequence is used to modulate the PWM modulation wave by amplitude adjustment. Then the voltage of point of common coupling (PCC) is sampled and the variance based on mathematics features is calculated in real-time. According to the value of variance, the islanding can be determined. The proposed method not only conquers the disadvantage of the destroy that conventional active islanding detection methods result in to the utility grid, but also detects the islanding effectively when the DG power production match to the load power requirement. And it is quick and effective under the ideal and non-ideal utility grid and the false islanding also can be prevented. Simulation and experiment results verify the correctness and feasibility of the proposed method. This method is suitable for the grid-connected /stand-alone dual-mode micro-grid system.

Automatic brain labeling via multi-atlas guided fully convolutional networks

Fang, Longwei,Zhang, Lichi,Nie, Dong,Cao, Xiaohuan,Rekik, Islem,Lee, Seong-Whan,He, Huiguang,Shen, Dinggang Elsevier 2019 Medical image analysis Vol.51 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Multi-atlas-based methods are commonly used for MR brain image labeling, which alleviates the burdening and time-consuming task of manual labeling in neuroimaging analysis studies. Traditionally, multi-atlas-based methods first register multiple atlases to the target image, and then propagate the labels from the labeled atlases to the unlabeled target image. However, the registration step involves non-rigid alignment, which is often time-consuming and might lack high accuracy. Alternatively, patch-based methods have shown promise in relaxing the demand for accurate registration, but they often require the use of hand-crafted features. Recently, deep learning techniques have demonstrated their effectiveness in image labeling, by automatically learning comprehensive appearance features from training images. In this paper, we propose a <I>multi-atlas guided fully convolutional network (MA-FCN)</I> for automatic image labeling, which aims at further improving the labeling performance with the aid of prior knowledge from the training atlases. Specifically, we train our MA-FCN model in a patch-based manner, where the input data consists of <I>not only</I> a training image patch <I>but also</I> a set of its neighboring (i.e., most similar) affine-aligned atlas patches. The guidance information from neighboring atlas patches can help boost the discriminative ability of the learned FCN. Experimental results on different datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method, by significantly outperforming the conventional FCN and several state-of-the-art MR brain labeling methods.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Additional atlas intensity and corresponding label information are used to help the MA-FCN model to better label the target ROIs. </LI> <LI> The additional anatomical structural information is revised in the unique pathway in the MA-FCN model. </LI> <LI> The fusion of atlas information is in a hierarchical way. </LI> <LI> The proposed method does not need a non-rigid registration step for aligning atlases to the target image, which is efficient for brain labeling. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Structure and Electrical Performance of Na₂C₆O₆ under High Pressure

Wang, Xuan,Zhang, Peijie,Tang, Xingyu,Guan, Junjie,Lin, Xiaohuan,Wang, Yajie,Dong, Xiao,Yue, Binbin,Yan, Jinyuan,Li, Kuo,Zheng, Haiyan,Mao, Ho-kwang American Chemical Society 2019 The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C Vol. No.

<P>Sodium rhodizonate (Na<SUB>2</SUB>C<SUB>6</SUB>O<SUB>6</SUB>) has very high theoretical capacity as a positive electrode material of sodium-ion batteries, but it still has problems such as low actual capacity and poor electronic/ionic conductivity. In order to improve its conductivity, we investigated its structure and electrical properties under high pressure. By performing in situ X-ray diffraction, Raman, infrared absorption, and alternating current impedance spectroscopy in the range of 0-30 GPa at room temperature, we observed a phase transition at ∼11 GPa, with the conductivity increasing by an order of magnitude. Above ∼20 GPa, Na<SUB>2</SUB>C<SUB>6</SUB>O<SUB>6</SUB> gradually amorphized. During the decompression process, the pressure regulation of the structure and properties of the material are reversible. Our study shows that applying external pressure is an effective tool to improve the conductivity of molecular battery materials. The investigation will help to obtain next-generation electrode materials.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

Studies of the effects and mechanisms of ginsenoside Re and Rk₃ on myelosuppression induced by cyclophosphamide

Han, Jiahong,Xia, Jing,Zhang, Lianxue,Cai, Enbo,Zhao, Yan,Fei, Xuan,Jia, Xiaohuan,Yang, He,Liu, Shuangli The Korean Society of Ginseng 2019 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.43 No.4

Background: Ginsenoside Re (Re) is one of the major components of Panax ginseng Meyer. Ginsenoside $Rk_3$ ($Rk_3$) is a secondary metabolite of Re. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the effects and underlying mechanisms of Re and $Rk_3$ on cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression. Methods: The mice myelosuppression model was established by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of cyclophosphamide. Peripheral blood cells, bone marrow nucleated cells, and colony yield of hematopoietic progenitor cells in vitro were counted. The levels of erythropoietin, thrombopoietin, and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor in plasma were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Bone marrow cell cycle was performed by flow cytometry. The expression of apoptotic protein bcl-2, bax, and caspase-3 was detected by Western blotting. Results: Both Re and $Rk_3$ could improve peripheral blood cells, bone marrow nucleated cell counts, thymus index, and spleen index. Furthermore, they could enhance the yield of colonies cultured in vitro and make the levels of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, erythropoietin, and thrombopoietin normal, reduce the ratio of $G_0/G_1$ phase cells, and increase the proliferation index. Finally, Re and $Rk_3$ could upregulate the expression of bcl-2, whereas they could downregulate the expression of bax and caspase-3. Conclusion: Re and $Rk_3$ could improve the hematopoietic function of myelosuppressed mice. The effect of $Rk_3$ was superior to that of Re at any dose. Regulating the levels of cytokines, promoting cells enter the normal cell cycle, regulating the balance of bcl-2/bax, and inhibiting the expression of caspase-3 may be the effects of Re and $Rk_3$ on myelosuppression.

Research on grid‑connected harmonic current suppression of three‑phase four‑wire energy storage inverters

Hongyang Qing,Chunjiang Zhang,Xiuhui Chai,Hao He,Xiaohuan Wang 전력전자학회 2023 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.23 No.6

When a three-phase four-wire grid-connected energy storage inverter is connected to unbalanced or single-phase loads, a large grid-connected harmonic current is generated due to the existence of a zero-sequence channel. A controller design approach for grid-connected harmonic current suppression is proposed based on proportion–integral–repetitive (PI–repetitive) control for a three-level neutral point clamped (3L-NPC) three-phase four-wire inverter. By designing the variable parameters n (gain coeffi cient of the PI controller) and Qs (gain of the repetitive controller), the eff ect of the PI–repetitive controller gain on current harmonic suppression is analyzed using a three-dimensional amplitude gain curve. A simplifi ed impedance model in the d 0-frame for a three-phase four-wire inverter is proposed. Based on the impedance model in the d0-frame, the system stability is analyzed under diff erent PI–repetitive control gains by the generalized Nyquist criterion. Finally, the optimal controller design is obtained by a gain characteristic and system stability analysis. The controller obtained by this harmonic suppression analysis method can simultaneously ensure the best grid-connected current quality of the three-phase four-wireinverter and the dynamic stability of the system. Simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness and correctness of the proposed controller design approach for grid-connected harmonic current suppression.

Studies of the effects and mechanisms of ginsenoside Re and Rk₃ on myelosuppression induced by cyclophosphamide

Jiahong Han,Jing Xia,Lianxue Zhang,Enbo Cai,Yan Zhao,Xuan Fei,Xiaohuan Jia,He Yang,Shuangli Liu 고려인삼학회 2019 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.43 No.4

Background: Ginsenoside Re (Re) is one of the major components of Panax ginseng Meyer. Ginsenoside Rk₃ (Rk₃) is a secondary metabolite of Re. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the effects and underlying mechanisms of Re and Rk₃ on cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression. Methods: The mice myelosuppression model was established by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of cyclophosphamide. Peripheral blood cells, bone marrow nucleated cells, and colony yield of hematopoietic progenitor cells in vitro were counted. The levels of erythropoietin, thrombopoietin, and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor in plasma were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Bone marrow cell cycle was performed by flow cytometry. The expression of apoptotic protein bcl-2, bax, and caspase-3 was detected by Western blotting. Results: Both Re and Rk₃ could improve peripheral blood cells, bone marrow nucleated cell counts, thymus index, and spleen index. Furthermore, they could enhance the yield of colonies cultured in vitro and make the levels of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, erythropoietin, and thrombopoietin normal, reduce the ratio of G₀/G₁ phase cells, and increase the proliferation index. Finally, Re and Rk₃ could upregulate the expression of bcl-2, whereas they could downregulate the expression of bax and caspase-3. Conclusion: Re and Rk₃ could improve the hematopoietic function of myelosuppressed mice. The effect of Rk₃ was superior to that of Re at any dose. Regulating the levels of cytokines, promoting cells enter the normal cell cycle, regulating the balance of bcl-2/bax, and inhibiting the expression of caspase-3 may be the effects of Re and Rk₃ on myelosuppression.

Compatibility effects of ginseng and Ligustrum lucidum Ait herb pair on hematopoietic recovery in mice with cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression and its material basis

Han, Jiahong,Dai, Min,Zhao, Yan,Cai, Enbo,Zhang, Lianxue,Jia, Xiaohuan,Sun, Nian,Fei, Xuan,Shu, Hui The Korean Society of Ginseng 2020 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.44 No.2

Background: Ginseng (G) and Ligustrum lucidum Ait (LLA) are core traditional Chinese medicines in treating myelosuppression formula. The present study was designed to profile effect of G and LLA herb pair (G-LLA) on myelosuppressed mice. Methods: The mice myelosuppression model was established by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of cyclophosphamide (Cy). Hematopoietic function of bone marrow was measured by hemopoietic progenitor cell culture and peripheral blood count, and serum hemopoietic factors were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Bone marrow cell cycle was performed by flow cytometry. HPLC was used to measure 20 potential chemical components related to myelosuppression, including ginsenoside Rg₁, Re, Rb₁, Rc, Rb₂, Rb₃, Rd, Rk₃, Rh₄, 20 (S)-Rg₃, 20 (R)-Rg₃, Rk₁, Rg₅, salidroside, and so on. Results: G, LLA, and G-LLA improved the amount of peripheral blood cells and bone marrow cells of myelosuppressed mice (P < 0.01). They significantly increased the colony quantity of colony-forming unit-granulocyte macrophage, burst-forming unit-erythroid, colony-forming unit-erythroid, and colony-forming unit-megakaryocyte and amount of G₂/M and S phase cells (P < 0.01). They also significantly decreased the amount of hematopoiesis-related cytokines (P < 0.01). The content of chemical components in G-LLA changed, and the change of rare saponin was the most obvious. Conclusion: These results show that G-LLA herb pair might produce synergistic or complementary compatibility effects on bone marrow suppression after chemotherapy. It suggests that the substance basis of G-LLA for treating bone marrow suppression may be effective chemical components.

Compatibility effects of ginseng and Ligustrum lucidum Ait herb pair on hematopoietic recovery in mice with cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression and its material basis

Jiahong Han,Min Dai,Yan Zhao,Enbo Cai,Lianxue Zhang,Xiaohuan Jia,Nian Sun,Xuan Fei,Hui Shu 고려인삼학회 2020 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.44 No.2

Background: Ginseng (G) and Ligustrum lucidum Ait (LLA) are core traditional Chinese medicines intreating myelosuppression formula. The present study was designed to profile effect of G and LLA herbpair (G-LLA) on myelosuppressed mice. Methods: The mice myelosuppression model was established by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection ofcyclophosphamide (Cy). Hematopoietic function of bone marrow was measured by hemopoietic progenitorcell culture and peripheral blood count, and serum hemopoietic factors were tested by enzymelinkedimmunosorbent assay. Bone marrow cell cycle was performed by flow cytometry. HPLC was usedto measure 20 potential chemical components related to myelosuppression, including ginsenoside Rg1,Re, Rb1, Rc, Rb2, Rb3, Rd, Rk3, Rh4, 20 (S)-Rg3, 20 (R)-Rg3, Rk1, Rg5, salidroside, and so on. Results: G, LLA, and G-LLA improved the amount of peripheral blood cells and bone marrow cellsof myelosuppressed mice (P < 0.01). They significantly increased the colony quantity of colony-formingunitegranulocyte macrophage, burst-forming unit erythroid, colony-forming unit erythroid, and colony-forming unit megakaryocyte and amount of G2/M and S phase cells (P < 0.01). They also significantlydecreased the amount of hematopoiesis-related cytokines (P < 0.01). The content of chemicalcomponents in G-LLA changed, and the change of rare saponin was the most obvious. Conclusion: These results show that G-LLA herb pair might produce synergistic or complementarycompatibility effects on bone marrow suppression after chemotherapy. It suggests that the substancebasis of G-LLA for treating bone marrow suppression may be effective chemical components.