Semi-Analytical and Experimental Investigation of the Magnetic Field Generated by a Permanent Magnet

David Shulman 한국자기학회 2023 Journal of Magnetics Vol.28 No.1

For magnetic field calculations, cylindrical permanent magnets are often approximated as ideal, azimuthally symmetric solenoids. Despite the frequent usage of this approximation, research papers demonstrating the validity and limitations of this approach are scarcely available. In this paper, the experimentally derived magnetic field of a cylindrical permanent magnet is compared with the semi-analytically calculated magnetic field of an ideal solenoid. An experimental setup for measuring the magnetic field distribution is demonstrated and employed for gathering the data. The proposed setup allows to measure the distributions of the axial and radial components of the magnetic field surrounding the magnet. In addition, we calculated the magnetic field using the FEM method and compared it with the solution of an ideal solenoid and discussed the obtained deviation.

연기의 초기 의미

( Eviater Shulman ),이은정(번역) 위덕대학교 밀교문화연구원 2016 密敎學報 Vol.17 No.-

연기는 불교의 가장 기본적인 철학적 교리로서 일반적으로 모든 존재들을 설명하는 것으로 이해된다. 육체적인 현상뿐만 아니라 정신적인 것도 다른 현상들과 서로 관련 속에서만 존재할 뿐이며 다른 현상들에 의해 조건지어져서 발생하는 것으로 믿어진다. 이 논문은 그러한 연기(pratltya-samutpada)의 이해가 초기불교에 관해 잘못 이해하고 있었다는 것을 논의한다. 연기는 모든 존재에 관련되어 있기보다는 단지 정신적인 조건화의 과정에 연관되어 있다. 그것은 실재 (reality)에 대한 분석이 아니라 아트만(atman)을 추구하는 우파니샤드(Upanisad) 적맥락의 자아에 대한 분석이었다. 그 가르침은 의식과 실재 사이의 관계의 본성과 관련해서도 중요한 존재론적 함의를 가졌다. 이러한 함의는 사물들(things)이 다른 사물들에 의해 조건지어져 있다기보다 의식에 의해서 조건지어져 있다는 것을 드러낸다. 니까야에서 연기된 것으로서의 “사물들”을 언급하더라도 사물들이 다른 사물들에 의존해 있다거나 모든 것이 조건화되었다고 말하는 것은 아니다. 그들이 말하고자 하는 바는 우리가 집착했기 때문에 우리가 맞닥뜨린 사물들이 존재론적인 존재로 이동되었다는 것이다. 본 논문은 연기에 대한 정교한 담론이 포함되어 있는 『니다나 상윳따, Nidana-samyautta』(S12)를 중심으로 Paticcasamuppada라는 표현으로 논의를 한다. 여기에서 12지분들은 윤회의 과정에서 마음이 기능하는 방식과 재생을 구성하는 정신적 조건화의 과정을 표현한다. idappaccayata 또한 『빠짜야 슷타, Paccaya-sutta』(SN.n.25)에서 12지분들과 관련되어 있다는 것을 보여준다. 이 경에서도 연기된 것은 일체의 현상과 관련된 것이 아니라 12지분들 안에 포섭되어 있는 조건화 과정에 의해 생겨난 대상들만을 언급한다. 연기는 초기에는 12지분들로 가장 잘 알려진 조건적 지분들의 세트 더 이상은 아니었다. 좀 더 엄밀히 말하자면 이러한 지분들이 내포한 것은 정신적 조건화의 관념이었다. 오늘날 대중적인 연기의 이해는 모든 사물들과 관련된 인과성의 원리로서 후대의 교리적 발달의 결과라는 것이 판명되었다.

Clarifying and Advancing the Play of Formulas: A Response to Bhikkhu Anālayo

Eviatar SHULMAN 동국대학교 불교학술원 2023 International Journal of Buddhist Thought & Cultur Vol.33 No.2

his is my rejoinder to Bhikkhu Anālayo’s “critical reply” to my monograph published in late 2021, titled Visions of the Buddha: Creative Dimensions of Early Buddhist Scripture. Anālayo was heavily critical, but he did not really address the main argument of the book: that the early Buddhist discourses are much more than an attempt to preserve the Buddha’s words, and that they are driven by a diversity of creative and literary techniques. These discourses are aimed to shape evocative, compelling and enduring visions of the Buddha and of his teachings and are no less imaginative than informative, no less innovative than conservative. While the book highlights some of the methods of Buddhist creativity, such as their literary qualities and folkloric contexts, based on thick textual analyses, Anālayo does not very much relate to these, but rather addresses the specific points where I address his own work, without looking at the broader picture. In order to do so, one would have to refer to the literary nature of the texts that I emphasize, which accepts the texts as literary products in a robust sense, rather than as mere narrative decorations. As part of my approach, I coin the term “the play of formulas,” as a method for explaining the manner of composition of at least some of the discourses, in which oral formulas—fixed textual elements—can be added to the texts and used to expand and elaborate upon them. In fact, most scholars writing on early Buddhist orality employ an idea of this sort, even if they do not give it the value that I do. They do not necessarily agree with me, however, that the formulas are the true texts of early Buddhism, an idea I explain here and show some of its potentials.

Mitral Valve Leaflet Aneurysm-Dynamic CT and Echocardiographic Appearances

Heyworth Paul,Bou-Samra John,Shulman Ryan 아시아심장혈관영상의학회 2019 Cardiovascular Imaging Asia Vol.3 No.1

Mitral valve leaflet aneurysm (MVLA) is a rarely encountered pathology with the risk of developing serious complications. We present its imaging appearances in two cases: an 89-yearold female with an incidental finding of both mitral valve leaflet and membranous septal aneurysms during workup for transcatheter aortic valve implantation, and a 48-year-old woman with MVLA secondary to infective endocarditis. As imaging techniques other than echocardiography are being more frequently utilized in the diagnosis of cardiac pathology, this entity may be encountered more often with different modalities. Early diagnosis and intervention are critical to treat this rare and potentially fatal pathology.

Failure of Dermal Allograft Repair of Massive Rotator Cuff Tears in Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Clinical Assessment

Conor James Craig Gouk,Ryan Mark Shulman,Craig Buchan,Michael John Evan Thomas,Fraser James Taylor 대한정형외과학회 2019 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.11 No.2

Background: Massive retracted rotator cuff tears represent a therapeutic dilemma, particularly in the young and middle-aged patients who are not appropriate for a reverse total shoulder replacement. Interposition grafting using human dermal allograft offers an alternative treatment. Methods: A retrospective review of all patients who underwent interposition grafting using human dermal allograft between December 2013 and May 2015 for massive rotator cuff tears at our tertiary referral center was performed. Preoperative and 6 month postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessments were performed in all patients, with postoperative graft integrity being the primary outcome measure. Clinical evaluation was performed using the Oxford shoulder score, Constant score, and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score. Results: The mean age at the time of follow-up was 54 years. On MRI, 84% of grafts were seen to have failed at 6 months. Strength was grossly reduced on the operative side when supraspinatus and subscapularis were tested; despite this, Constant score (mean, 48.2) was comparable to that in the previous reports. DASH and Oxford scores were a mean of 24.94 and 37.16, respectively. Conclusions: Based on these results, in particular the MRI findings, we cannot advocate the use of dermal allograft as an interposition graft for the repair of massive rotator cuff tears.

Young Women with Breast Cancer in the United States and South Korea: Comparison of Demographics, Pathology and Management

Son, Byung Ho,Dominici, Laura S,Aydogan, Fatih,Shulman, Lawrence N,Ahn, Sei Hyn,Cho, Ja Young,Coopey, Suzanne B,Kim, Sung Bae,Min, H Elise,Valero, Monica,Wang, Jiping,Caragacianu, Diana,Gong, Gyung-yu Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.6

Background: Breast cancer diagnosed in young women may be more aggressive, with higher rates of local and distant recurrence compared to the disease in older women. Epidemiologic evidence suggests that Korean women have a lower incidence of breast cancer than women in the United States, but that they present at a younger age than their American counterparts. We sought to compare risk factors and management of young women with breast cancer in Boston, Massachusetts (US) with those in Seoul, South Korea (KR). Materials and Methods: A retrospective review was performed of consecutive patients less than 35 years old with a diagnosis of breast cancer at academic cancer centers in the US and KR from 2000-2005. Patient data were obtained by chart review. Demographic, tumor and treatment characteristics were compared utilizing Pearson's chisquare or Wilcoxon rank-sum tests where appropriate. All differences were assessed as significant at the 0.05 level. Results: 205 patients from the US and 309 from KR were analyzed. Patients in US were more likely to have hormone receptor positive breast cancer, while patients in KR had a higher rate of triple negative lesions. Patients in US had a higher mean body mass index and more often reported use of birth control pills, while those in the KR were less likely to have a sentinel node procedure performed or to receive post mastectomy radiation. Conclusions: Patients under 35 diagnosed with breast cancer in the US and KR differ with respect to demographics, tumor characteristics and management. Although rates of breast conservation and mastectomy were similar, US patients were more likely to receive post mastectomy radiation. The lower use of sentinel node biopsy is explained by the later adoption of the technique in KR. Further evaluation is necessary to evaluate recurrence rates and survival in the setting of differing disease subtypes in these patients.

The Employment of Neural Networks to Model Implementation of Pace Maker in Patient Arrhythmias and Heart Blocks

D. A. Rossiev,S. E. Golovenkin,V. A. Shulman,G. V. Matyushin 대한전자공학회 1994 ICONIP : International Conference On Neural Inform Vol.3 No.1

Balance of Autonomic Nervous System Predicts Who Benefits from a Self-management Intervention Program for Irritable Bowel Syndrome

( Monica E Jarrett ),( Kevin C Cain ),( Pamela G Barney ),( Robert L Burr ),( Bruce D Naliboff ),( Robert Shulman ),( Jasmine Zia ),( Margaret M Heitkemper ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 2016 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.22 No.1

Background/Aims To determine if potential biomarkers can be used to identify subgroups of people with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) who will benefit the most or the least from a comprehensive self-management (CSM) intervention. Methods In a two-armed randomized controlled trial a CSM (n = 46) was compared to a usual care (n = 46) group with follow-up at 3 and 6 months post randomization. Biomarkers obtained at baseline included heart rate variability, salivary cortisol, interleukin-10 produced by unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and lactulose/mannitol ratio. Linear mixed models were used to test whether these biomarkers predicted improvements in the primary outcomes including daily abdominal pain, Gastrointestinal Symptom score and IBS-specific quality of life. Results The nurse-delivered 8-session CSM intervention is more effective than usual care in reducing abdominal pain, reducing Gastrointestinal Symptom score, and enhancing quality of life. Participants with lower nighttime high frequency heart rate variability (vagal modulation) and increased low frequency/high frequency ratio (sympathovagal balance) had less benefit from CSM on abdominal pain. Salivary cortisol, IL-10, and lactulose/mannitol ratio were not statistically significant in predicting CSM benefit. Baseline symptom severity interacts with treatment, namely the benefit of CSM is greater in those with higher baseline symptoms. Conclusions Cognitively-focused therapies may be less effective in reducing abdominal pain in IBS patients with higher sympathetic tone. Whether this a centrally-mediated patient characteristic or related to heightened arousal remains to be determined. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2016;22:102-111)

Mitochondrial-Targeted Catalase Protects Against High-Fat Diet–Induced Muscle Insulin Resistance by Decreasing Intramuscular Lipid Accumulation

Lee, Hui-Young,Lee, Jae Sung,Alves, Tiago,Ladiges, Warren,Rabinovitch, Peter S.,Jurczak, Michael J.,Choi, Cheol Soo,Shulman, Gerald I.,Samuel, Varman T. American Diabetes Association 2017 Diabetes Vol. No.

<P>We explored the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the pathogenesis of muscle insulin resistance. We assessed insulin action in vivo with a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp in mice expressing a mitochondrial-targeted catalase (MCAT) that were fed regular chow (RC) or a high-fat diet (HFD) or underwent an acute infusion of a lipid emulsion. RC-fed MCAT mice were similar to littermate wild-type (WT) mice. However, HFD-fed MCAT mice were protected from diet-induced insulin resistance. In contrast, an acute lipid infusion caused muscle insulin resistance in both MCAT and WT mice. ROS production was decreased in both HFD-fed and lipid-infused MCAT mice and cannot explain the divergent response in insulin action. MCAT mice had subtly increased energy expenditure and muscle fat oxidation with decreased intramuscular diacylglycerol (DAG) accumulation, protein kinase C- (PKC) activation, and impaired insulin signaling with HFD. In contrast, the insulin resistance with the acute lipid infusion was associated with increased muscle DAG content in both WT and MCAT mice. These studies suggest that altering muscle mitochondrial ROS production does not directly alter the development of lipid-induced insulin resistance. However, the altered energy balance in HFD-fed MCAT mice protected them from DAG accumulation, PKC activation, and impaired muscle insulin signaling.</P>

Comparison of Efficacy and Safety of Ombitasvir/Paritaprevir/ Ritonavir and Dasabuvir ± Ribavirin between Asian and Western HCV GT1b-Infected Patients

( Lai Wei ),( Yan Luo ),( Wang-long Chuang ),( Seung Woon Paik ),( Ming-lung Yu ),( Linda M Fredrick ),( Andrew Campbell ),( Roger Trinh ),( Jeffrey Enejosa ),( Nancy S Shulman ),( Jeong Heo ),( Nilou 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1

Aims: ONYX-I and ONYX-II are Phase 3 studies exploring the PK, safety, and efficacy of the 3-DAA ± ribavirin regimen in a HCV GT1b-infected Asian population. Comparable PK exposures of the 3-DAA regimen between the Asian and predominantly Caucasian (thereafter referred to as “Western”) HCV GT1-infected patients in other studies have been published. Methods: We compared the safety/efficacy profiles of the 3-DAA regimen (+ ribavirin for patients with compensated cirrhosis) in Asian patients in ONYX-I and -II Phase 3 studies conducted in China, Taiwan, and South Korea with Western patients enrolled in PEARL-II (treatment-experienced), PEARL-III (treatment-naive), and TURQUOISE-II (compensated cirrhosis) Phase 3 studies conducted exclusively in North America, Europe, and Australia. Results: Among treatment-naive non-cirrhotic patients, sustained virologic response at post treatment week 12 (SVR12) was achieved by 99.5% (183/184; 95% CI 97.0-99.9) of Asian patients compared with 99.0% (207/209; 95% CI 97.7-100) of Western patients (GT1b). In non-cirrhotic treatment-experienced patients, SVR12 was achieved by 100% (141/141; 95% CI 97.4-100) of Asian patients and 100% (91/91; 95% CI 95.9-100) of Western patients (GT1b). Among cirrhotic patients, SVR12 was achieved by 100% (104/104; 95% CI 96.4-100) of Asian patients compared with 98.5% (67/68; 95% CI 95.3-100) of Western patients (GT1a and -1b-infected patients). The majority of Asian and Western patients with or without cirrhosis had at least 1 treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE). A low percentage of Asian and Western patients (<4%) experienced serious TEAEs. TEAEs leading to treatment discontinuation, in both Asian and Western patients, were rare. No patients without cirrhosis and 1 subject with cirrhosis discontinued treatment due to a TEAE. Only 1 death occurred across the studies, which was not due to a TEAE. Conclusions: The safety/efficacy profiles were consistent between the Asian and Western HCV GT1b-infected patients treated with OBV+PTV/r + DSV.