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Normal Values of High-resolution Anorectal Manometry of Healthy Indians
Rahul Deshmukh,Akash Shukla,Sanjay Chandnani,Pravin M Rathi,Pratik Tibdewal,Shubham Jain,Nitin Ramani,Parmeshwar Junare,Partha Debnath,Leela Shinde,Asif Bagwan,Megha Meshram 대한소화기 기능성질환·운동학회 2022 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.28 No.3
Background/AimsHigh-resolution anorectal manometry (HRAM) measures anal sphincter function and anorectal co-ordination. This study aims to provide normal data for HRAM and evaluate the effect of gender, age, and body mass index (BMI) on anorectal functions in healthy Indian subjects. MethodsHRAM was performed on 93 healthy volunteers using a 20-channel, water-perfused catheter. We evaluated anorectal pressures, rectal sensation, and balloon expulsion time. Measurements were recorded during rest, squeeze, and simulated defecation (push). ResultsMedian anal resting pressure (88 mmHg vs 94 mmHg, P = NS), anal squeeze pressure (165 mmHg vs 147 mmHg, P = NS) were not significantly different between males and females. Rectal pressure (70 mmHg vs 54 mmHg, P = 0.024) and anal pressure (82 mmHg vs 63 mmHg, P = 0.008) during simulated evacuation without rectal distention, were higher in males. The threshold for the first sensation was lower in females (40 mL vs 30 mL, P = 0.021) but desire to defecate (105 mL vs 90 mL, P = NS) and maximum tolerable volume (160 mL vs 140 mL, P = NS) were not significantly different in males and females. Anal residual pressure (median mmHg 83 vs 71 mmHg, P = 0.025) was higher in subjects < 40 years of age. Maximum anal squeeze pressure (185 mmHg vs 165 mmHg, P = 0.024) and maximum rectal pressure (75 mmHg vs 62 mmHg, P = 0.032) during push higher in BMI < 23 kg/m2. ConclusionsThe present study provides normal data for the Indian population that can be used for comparison and further work. Age, gender, and BMI affect anorectal parameters in HRAM and should be considered while reporting.
Acute Pancreatitis: A Rare Post-Colonoscopy Sequela
Sujit P. Nair,Prasanta Debnath,Suhas Udgirkar,Parmeshwar Junare,Sanjay Chandnani,Shubham Jain,Vinay B. Pawar,Pravin M. Rathi 대한소화기내시경학회 2020 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.53 No.5
Abdominal pain is a common but benign symptom after colonoscopy. We report a case of acute pancreatitis that occurred just after anelective screening colonoscopy; this is a rare event with very few reported cases. A healthy, asymptomatic male underwent screeningcolonoscopy at our center and developed abdominal pain and emesis after the procedure. An abdominal X-ray ruled out perforation but laboratory tests revealed elevated levels of amylase and lipase. The patient had no etiological risk factors for pancreatitis. Thepresumed mechanism of pancreatitis in this case is mechanical and pressure trauma from excessive insuffation, external abdominal pressure, and repeated withdrawal of the colonoscope due to tight angulation of the splenic flexure, a structure that is in close proximityto the pancreatic tail. Acute pancreatitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients who present with abdominal painafter colonoscopy once more common etiologies have been excluded.
Somnath Kadappa Holkar,Parameswari Balasubramaniam,Atul Kumar,Nithya Kadirvel,Prashant Raghunath Shingote,Manohar Lal Chhabra,Shubham Kumar,Praveen Kumar,Rasappa Viswanathan,Rakesh Kumar Jain,Ashwini 한국식물병리학회 2020 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.36 No.6
Sugarcane yellow leaf virus (SCYLV) is a distinct member of the Polerovirus genus of the Luteoviridae family. SCYLV is the major limitation to sugarcane production worldwide and presently occurring in most of the sugarcane growing countries. SCYLV having high genetic diversity within the species and presently ten genotypes are known to occur based on the complete genome sequence information. SCYLV is present in almost all the states of India where sugarcane is grown. Virion comprises of 180 coat protein units and are 24-29 nm in diameter. The genome of SCYLV is a monopartite and comprised of single-stranded (ss) positive-sense (+) linear RNA of about 6 kb in size. Virus genome consists of six open reading frames (ORFs) that are expressed by sub-genomic RNAs. The SCYLV is phloem-limited and transmitted by sugarcane aphid Melanaphis sacchari in a circulative and non-propagative manner. The other aphid species namely, Ceratovacuna lanigera, Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominalis, and R. maidis also been reported to transmit the virus. The virus is not transmitted mechanically, therefore, its transmission by M. sacchari has been studied in different countries. SCYLV has a limited natural host range and mainly infect sugarcane (Sachharum hybrid), grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), and Columbus grass (Sorghum almum). Recent insights in the protein-protein interactions of Polerovirus through protein interaction reporter (PIR) technology enable us to understand viral encoded proteins during virus replication, assembly, plant defence mechanism, short and long-distance travel of the virus. This review presents the recent understandings on virus biology, diagnosis, genetic diversity, virus-vector and host-virus interactions and conventional and next generation management approaches.