Genomic Characteristics and Its Therapeutic Implications in Breast Cancer Patients with Detectable Molecular Residual Disease

Shu Zhang,Yan Jiang,Lu Zhou,Jing Xu,Gang Zhang,Lu Shen,Yan Xu 대한암학회 2024 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.56 No.2

Purpose Molecular residual disease (MRD) is the main cause of postoperative recurrence of breast cancer. However, the baseline tumor genomic characteristics and therapeutic implications of breast cancer patients with detectable MRD after surgery are still unknown. Materials and Methods In this study, we enrolled 80 patients with breast cancer who underwent next-generation sequencing–based genetic testing of 1,021 cancer-related genes performed on baseline tumor and postoperative plasma, among which 18 patients had detectable MRD after surgery. Results Baseline clinical characteristics found that patients with higher clinical stages were more likely to have detectable MRD. Analysis of single nucleotide variations and small insertions/deletions in baseline tumors showed that somatic mutations in MAP3K1, ATM, FLT1, GNAS, POLD1, SPEN, and WWP2 were significantly enriched in patients with detectable MRD. Oncogenic signaling pathway analysis revealed that alteration of the Cell cycle pathway was more likely to occur in patients with detectable MRD (p=0.012). Mutational signature analysis showed that defective DNA mismatch repair and activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) mediated somatic hypermutation (SHM) were associated with detectable MRD. According to the OncoKB database, 77.8% (14/18) of patients with detectable MRD had U.S. Food and Drug Administration–approved mutational biomarkers and targeted therapy. Conclusion Our study reports genomic characteristics of breast cancer patients with detectable MRD. The cell cycle pathway, defective DNA mismatch repair, and AID-mediated SHM were found to be the possible causes of detectable MRD. We also found the vast majority of patients with detectable MRD have the opportunity to access targeted therapy.

Remarkable impact of steam temperature on ginsenosides transformation from fresh ginseng to red ginseng

Xu, Xin-Fang,Gao, Yan,Xu, Shu-Ya,Liu, Huan,Xue, Xue,Zhang, Ying,Zhang, Hui,Liu, Meng-Nan,Xiong, Hui,Lin, Rui-Chao,Li, Xiang-Ri The Korean Society of Ginseng 2018 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.42 No.3

Background: Temperature is an essential condition in red ginseng processing. The pharmacological activities of red ginseng under different steam temperatures are significantly different. Methods: In this study, an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry was developed to distinguish the red ginseng products that were steamed at high and low temperatures. Multivariate statistical analyses such as principal component analysis and supervised orthogonal partial least squared discrimination analysis were used to determine the influential components of the different samples. Results: The results showed that different steamed red ginseng samples can be identified, and the characteristic components were 20-gluco-ginsenoside Rf, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rg1, and malonyl-ginsenoside Rb1 in red ginseng steamed at low temperature. Meanwhile, the characteristic components in red ginseng steamed at high temperature were 20R-ginsenoside Rs3 and ginsenoside Rs4. Polar ginsenosides were abundant in red ginseng steamed at low temperature, whereas higher levels of less polar ginsenosides were detected in red ginseng steamed at high temperature. Conclusion: This study makes the first time that differences between red ginseng steamed under different temperatures and their ginsenosides transformation have been observed systematically at the chemistry level. The results suggested that the identified chemical markers can be used to illustrate the transformation of ginsenosides in red ginseng processing.

Comparison of Serum Tumor Associated Material (TAM) with Conventional Biomarkers in Cancer Patients

Shu, Jian,Li, Cheng-Guang,Liu, Yang-Chen,Yan, Xiao-Chun,Xu, Xu,Huang, Xin-En,Cao, Jie,Li, Ying,Lu, Yan-Yan,Wu, Xue-Yan,Liu, Jin,Xiang, Jin Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.5

Objective: To compare expression level of serum tumor associated materials (TAM) with several conventional serum tumor biomarkers, eg., carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen19-9 (CA19-9), carbohydrate antigen 15-3 (CA15-3), alpha-fetoprotein(AFP), in selected solid tumors. Methods: Patients diagnosed histologically or cytologically with liver, breast, esophageal, gastric, colorectal or pancreatic cancers were enrolled into this study. After diagnosis, the level of TAM was determined by chemical colorimetry, and levels of conventional tumor markers was measured by chemiluminescence methods. Results: A total of 560 patients were enrolled into this study. No statistically significant difference was detected in TAM and the above mentioned tumor biomarkers in terms of their positivity and negativity ( P>0. 05). Conclusions: Detection of TAM in liver, breast, esophageal, gastric, colorectal, and pancreatic cancer patients demonstrates a good accordance with CEA, CA199, CA153, and AFP, thus suggesting that further study is warranted to verify whether TAM could be a surrogate for these conventional biomarkers.

Microstructure evolution and enhanced vacuum tribological performance of Ni-doped WS₂ composite coating

Xu, Shu-Sheng,Weng, Li-Jun,Liu, Yu-Zhen,Kang, Kyeong-Hee,Kim, Chang-Lae,Kim, Dae-Eun Elsevier Sequoia 2017 Surface & coatings technology Vol.325 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Ni-doped WS<SUB>2</SUB> composite coatings with various Ni contents were co-deposited using a radio frequency sputtering system on silicon wafer and AISI 440C stainless steel substrates. The microstructural characteristics of the WS<SUB>2</SUB>-Ni composite coatings and their tribological properties in vacuum were assessed. During introduction of Ni dopant in the WS<SUB>2</SUB>-Ni composite coating the sulfur/tungsten (S/W) ratio in the coating increased due to reduced preferential resputtering of sulfur atoms in the growing coating. The microstructure of the WS<SUB>2</SUB>-Ni composite coating varied from a fine columnar structure for Ni content equal to or less than 7.7at.% to a featureless structure as the Ni content increased further. The Ni dopant inhibited the growth of the coarse columnar WS<SUB>2</SUB> platelets which was accompanied by nanocrystallization and amorphization of the composite coating structure. WS<SUB>2</SUB>-Ni composite coatings with fine columnar structure exhibited relatively low hardness but showed a high tendency to form a lubricating transfer layer. It also demonstrated low brittleness and prolonged wear life in vacuum condition compared to coatings with dense featureless structure. The variation in tribological performance between the composite coatings resulted from the different wear mechanisms associated with their distinct microstructures.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Microstructure of WS<SUB>2</SUB> coating was modified by incorporating Ni as a dopant. </LI> <LI> The introduction of Ni increased the S/W ratio of the WS<SUB>2</SUB> composite coating. </LI> <LI> High Ni content in the WS<SUB>2</SUB> coating led to high brittleness and low wear resistance. </LI> <LI> WS<SUB>2</SUB>–5at.% Ni coating showed 5 times longer wear life than pure WS<SUB>2</SUB> film in vacuum. </LI> <LI> Superior tribological properties were attributed to transfer layer and high hardness. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

A study on the Buying of Product Attributes, Personal Traits and Government Policy based on New Energy Vehicle in China

Xu Shu,Jong Ho Lee 한국유통과학회 2017 KODISA ICBE (International Conference on Business Vol.2017 No.-

The biggest common problems in automobile industry around the world are the environment, safety, energy, and convenience, as well as the limitation of environmental regulations, reduction of carbon dioxide, and restrictions on the use of harmful substances. In 2017, the 13th Five-State plan of the Government emphasized the development of China’s new energy auto industry in the next 5 years, especially in 4 directions: the application scale of the new energy vehicles, the quality, and function of the car, the research and development of the battery and the supply chain. First, The function of new energy vehicles plays a positive role in consumers’ desire to purchase, but it will not have a positive impact on consumer satisfaction. Secondly, The economic efficiency and design of new energy vehicles have had a positive impact on consumer satisfaction and purchasing desires. Thirdly, In terms of consumer characteristics, personal innovation and social influence have a positive impact on the purchase of new energy vehicles. Fourthly, Government policy factors have the greatest impact on the purchase of new energy vehicles. Fifthly, From a practical point of view, through the various empirical data and analysis results of new energy vehicles, it can provide more useful information for future manufacturers and sellers of new energy vehicles.

Time-domain simulations of transient response in LiFePO4 cathode lithium ion batteries

Xiaoping Xu,Miao Shui,Weidong Zheng,Jie Shu,Lei Hui,Linxia Xu,Liangliang Cheng,Lin Feng,Yuanlong Ren 한국물리학회 2014 Current Applied Physics Vol.14 No.5

The time domain transients of batteries comprised of LiFePO4 cathode material exhibit large nonlinearity with the increasing discharging rates. Hence, the calculated overpotential transients match the experimental determined well only when the discharging current is low enough. The results of electrochemical impedance spectra at different OCV level indicate that the change of the parameters of equivalent circuit or even the circuit architecture are probably responsible for the large discrepancy between the predicted and the measured transient profiles. By taking the change of equivalent circuit model at high discharging current into consideration, we successfully simulate the time domain transients of polarization within the entire discharging current range. Also with the help of circuit analysis, the contribution of the ohmic resistance, charge transfer impedance and solid-state diffusion impedance to total polarization has been differentiated as a function of discharging time.

Effects of seismic force and pore water pressure on three dimensional slope stability in nonhomogeneous and anisotropic soil

Jing-shu Xu,Xiao-li Yang 대한토목학회 2018 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.22 No.5

Soils are generally nonhomogeneous and anisotropic in fact even through it was considered homogeneous in most geotechnicalengineering analysis. In this paper, based on the kinematical approach of limit analysis theorem, a stability analysis of threedimensional nonhomogeneous and anisotropic slope subjected to seismic force or the pore water pressure was conducted, with theanalytical expression of the critical height derived, the stability factors under different nonhomogeneous and anisotropic coefficientsas well as the seismic force or the pore water pressure conditions were optimized and illustrated. The results showed that 3D effect ofslope is closely related with the ratio of slope width to slope height, increase of soil nonhomogeneous coefficient and decrease of soilanisotropic coefficient will enhance slope stability, the seismic force and the pore water pressure will not only influence the slopestability significantly but also change the rules of factors such as the slope angle as well as soil nonhomogeneity and anisotropy onslope stability.

Equivocal Association of RAD51 Polymorphisms with Risk of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Chinese Population

Zhang, Shu-Xiang,Yang, Shan,Xu, Chang-Qing,Hou, Rui-Ping,Zhang, Chuan-Zhen,Xu, Cui-Ping Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.2

Aim: To study the contribution of genetic variation in RAD51 to risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods: Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in RAD51 (rs1801320, rs4144242 and rs4417527) were genotyped in 316 ESCC patients and 316 healthy controls in Anyang area of China using PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism). Demographic variables between cases and controls were statistically compared by T test and Chi-square test. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was evaluated by the Chi-square test. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to measure any association with ESCC. Haplotype frequencies were estimated by Phase 2.1. Result: The genotype frequencies of rs1801320, rs4144242 and rs4417527 in patients with ESCC demonstrated no significant differences from those in control group (P>0.05). When the haplotypes of these three SNPs were constructed and their relationships with ESCC risk investigated, however, CGG was observed to increase the risk (P=0.020, OR=2.289). Conclusions: There was no association between the three SNPs of RAD51 and ESCC susceptibility in our Chinese population. However, the CGG haplotype might be a risk factor.

Farness of Chinese Public Policy: A Case Study of Price Hearing Systems in China

( Jia Shu Xu ),( Jun Xia Wang ) 한국정책학회 2011 International Journal of Policy Studies Vol.2 No.1

He goal of public policy is to satisfy the public interest, achieve fairness, and promote justice. In the process of public policy making, public participation is fundamental ensure that policies align with public consensus and policy legitimization. As far as the implementation is concerned, since 1960s and 1970s, civilians` engagement worldwide continued reinforcing. With its adaptation, in the process of western countries` policy formulation, significant progress has been made in public participation with regard to system-building, manner, means, and degree of participation. However, in China(due to traditional centralized decision-making models and the official is superior concept) public decision-making system is far from perfect, the peremptory manner in policy making process leads to a serious lack of public engagement in the policy-making that will further directly undermine the fairness of a policy. Since 1990s, the Chinese government has introduced new measures in the field of implementation and public decision-making systems, of which the price hearing system is especially noteworthy. Focusing on the establishment and implementation of China`s price decision-making hearing system, this paper analyzes the public decision-making hearing system and suggests ideas on how to improve it for a full realization of fairness in policy.

Seismic and Static 3D Stability of Two-stage Slope Considering Joined Influences of Nonlinearity and Dilatancy

Jing-shu Xu,Yong-xin Li,Xiao-li Yang 대한토목학회 2018 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.22 No.10

Soil strength nonlinearity and dilatancy have significant impacts on the stability of a slope. In the present analysis, a seismic stability analysis of a three-dimensional two-stage slope considering the joined influences of soil strength nonlinearity and dilatancy is conducted. Based on the limit analysis method, the external work rates by soil weight and the seismic forces as well as the internal energy dissipations are calculated and thereafter the critical height of the slope is derived. In virtue of the nonlinear optimization procedure, the stability factor of a 3D slope subjected to seismic forces is captured. The effects of slope geometry, seismic forces, soil strength nonlinearity and dilatancy on the slope stability are investigated by parameter analysis. It is found from the results that, the depth coefficient α1 and dilative parameter n have positive effects on the stability of a two-stage slope while the other factors such as the seismic coefficient kh and the nonlinear coefficient m have negative effects on it. In addition, the effect of soil nonlinearity on slope stability aggravates when the seismic force coefficient kh and the dilative parameter n increase.