Development of a Conceptual Model and Questionnaire of Principled Negotiation

Shougang Zhang,Milan Constantinovits 한국경영커뮤니케이션학회 2018 Business Communication Research and Practice Vol.1 No.2

Objectives: Principled negotiation, proposed by Fisher and Ury, is a tool used in many disputes, but it has received some criticism, especially for its lack of empirical evidence. In this paper, we use an empirical method to study the principled negotiation model and develop a questionnaire of principled negotiation. Methods:Firstly, we build a conceptual model of principled negotiation and propose the hypothesis that the principled negotiation model is constituted of four dimensions–the adult-ego people, harmonious interest, creative options, and fair criteria. Secondly, we develop a questionnaire of principled negotiation with the procedures and principles of scientific scale development. Lastly, through a survey of Chinese college students in China and data analysis, we confirm our hypothesis by using item analysis, reliability analysis, and validity analysis. Results:The results of our exploratory research of the principled negotiation model are ideal, and the obtained four-factor model can reasonably fit the data. The validity of this questionnaire is found to be good, and the questionnaire of principled negotiation passes the tests of reliability and validity. Conclusions: The main variables of the questionnaire of principled negotiation were identified by applying a logical approach. The four dimensions (people, interests, options, and criteria) were obtained from the literature and an in-depth quantitative assessment. This questionnaire of principled negotiation can provide a practical guide for negotiators and researchers who wish to use a scientific measuring tool.

Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Ultra-Fine Grain AlCrFe2Ni2Wx High-Entropy Alloys

Shougang Duan,Yufeng Yang,Yong Dong,Yu Wang,Beibei Jiang,Chuanqiang Li,Zhengrong Zhang 대한금속·재료학회 2023 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.29 No.6

Ultra-fine grain AlCrFe2Ni2Wx(x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) alloys were designed and prepared by vacuum arc melting, and correspondingmicrostructural evolution and mechanical properties were investigated. All of the alloys show a mixed structurewith FCC + BCC (B2) + TCP phases. The addition of W element has a significant effect on the formation mechanism of themorphology, which promotes the transition from FCC phase to μ phase and inhibits the spinodal decomposition of BCCphase. With the increase of W content, more μ phase precipitates from the FCC phase and grain boundaries. After the dissolutionof W element into matrix, the formed oversaturated solid solution and precipitated μ phase have the effect of solidsolution strengthening and second phase strengthening, respectively. The yield strength and Vickers hardness increasesfrom 765 to 1319.6 MPa and HV 332.2 to HV 461.8, respectively. The addition of W element enhances the strength of thealloys but reduced ductility. The AlCrFe2Ni2W0.1alloy exhibits outstanding comprehensive mechanical properties, with itsfracture strength reaching 2726.5 MPa and a considerable compressive strain of 43.3%, which implies promising potentialengineering application.

Factors Affecting the Response to First-Line Treatments in Patients with Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis

Xiaoting Zhang,Chunjuan Wang,Wenyao Zhu,Baojie Wang,Huiying Liang,Shougang Guo 대한신경과학회 2019 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.15 No.3

Background and Purpose Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is the most common type of autoimmune encephalitis. This study aimed to explore the possible factors affecting the response to first-line treatments in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Methods We enrolled 29 patients who were diagnosed as anti-NMDAR encephalitis between January 1, 2015, and June 30, 2018. They were divided into the remission and nonremission groups according to their response to first-line treatments. The demographics, clinical manifestations, main ancillary examinations, follow-up treatments, and prognosis of patients were recorded. The symptoms reported on in this study occurred before treatments or during the course of first-line treatments. Results There were 18 patients (62.07%) in the remission group and 11 patients (37.93%) in the nonremission group. Compared to the remission group, a higher proportion of the patients in the nonremission group exhibited involuntary movements, decreased consciousness, central hypoventilation, lung infection, and hypoalbuminemia. The nonremission group had a high incidence of increased intracranial pressure and significant elevations of the neutrophilto- lymphocyte ratio in peripheral blood (NLR), aspartate aminotransferase, and fibrinogen. Six patients (54.55%) in the nonremission group received second-line immunotherapy. Only one patient (3.45%) died, which was due to multiple- organ failure. Conclusions Anti-NMDAR-encephalitis patients with more symptoms—especially involuntary movements, disturbance of consciousness, central hypoventilation, and accompanying hypoalbuminemia and pulmonary infection—may respond poorly to first-line treatments. Positive second-line immunotherapy therefore needs to be considered. Admission to an intensive-care unit, increased cerebrospinal fluid pressure, and increased NLR might be the significant factors affecting the response to first-line treatments.

A Fiber Spool’s Vibration Sensitivity Optimization Based on Orthogonal Experimental Design

Jing Gao,Linbo Zhang,Dongdong Jiao,Guanjun Xu,Xue Deng,Qi Zang,Honglei Yang,Ruifang Dong,Tao Liu,Shougang Zhang 한국광학회 2024 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.8 No.1

A fiber spool with ultra-low vibration sensitivity has been demonstrated for the ultra-narrowlinewidth fiber-stabilized laser by the multi-object orthogonal experimental design method, which can achieve the optimization object and analysis of influence levels without extensive computation. According to a test of 4 levels and 4 factors, an L 16 (4 4 ) orthogonal table is established to design orthogonal experiments. The vibration sensitivities along the axial and radial directions and the normalized sums of the vibration sensitivities are determined as single objects and comprehensive objects, respectively. We adopt the range analysis of object values to obtain the influence levels of the four design parameters on the single objects and the comprehensive object. The optimal parameter combinations are determined by both methods of comprehensive balance and evaluation. Based on the corresponding fractional frequency stability of ultra-narrow-linewidth fiber-stabilized lasers, we obtain the final optimal parameter combination A3B1C2D1, which can achieve the fiber spool with vibration sensitivities of 10 −12 /g magnitude. This work is the first time to use an orthogonal experimental design method to optimize the vibration sensitivities of fiber spools, providing an approach to design the fiber spool with ultra-low vibration sensitivity.

Preparation of highly efficient self-healing anticorrosion epoxy coating by integration of benzotriazole corrosion inhibitor loaded 2D-COF

Tengfei Liu,Wen Li,Chenyang Zhang,Wei Wang,Wenwen Dou,Shougang Chen 한국공업화학회 2021 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.97 No.-

In this work, multi-layer stacked two-dimensional (2D) covalent organic framework of TpPa-1 wassynthesized as nanocontainer to fabricate self-healing epoxy coating. The corrosion inhibitor ofbenzotriazole (BTA) was loaded into porous TpPa-1 (Tp: 1,3,5-Triformylphrogroglucinol, Pa-1: 1,4-phenylenediamine), and the load capacity was further improved by electrostatic adsorption. Then, 0.5 wt. % BTA/TpPa-1 and 0.5 wt.% TpPa-1 were added to the epoxy coating, respectively. The electrochemicalImpedance Spectroscopy (EIS) test shown that after 60 days of immersion, the impedance of the BTA/TpPa-1/EP in low-frequency region was 6.45108V cm2, while the impedance corresponding to theTpPa-1/EP coating was 9.04107V cm2. In addition, in the localized electrochemical impedancespectroscopy (LEIS) test, as the immersion time was extended, the impedance of TpPa-1/EP coating at thedefect continued to decrease, while the impedance at the defect of the BTA/TpPa-1/EP coating shown anupward trend, showing self-healing performance. This was due to the pH change when the metal at thedefect is corroded, which caused the BTA to be released from the nanocontainer and adhered to the metalsurface to form a protectivefilm. The improvement of the anti-corrosion performance of BTA/TpPa-1/EPcoating mainly comes from two aspects: (1) The good dispersion of TpPa-1 in EP coating improves thephysical shielding effect of the coating; (2) The controlled release of BTA can Realize the continuousformation of the bare metal surface protective layer.

Unilateral ureteral obstruction causes gut microbial dysbiosis and metabolome disorders contributing to tubulointerstitial fibrosis

Lin Chen,Dan-Qian Chen,Jing-Ru Liu,Jun Zhang,Nosratola D. Vaziri,Shougang Zhuang,Hua Chen,Ya-Long Feng,Yan Guo,Ying-Yong Zhao 생화학분자생물학회 2019 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.51 No.-

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) increases the risk and prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Recent studies have revealed marked changes in the composition of the microbiome and the metabolome and their potential influence in renal disease and CVD via the accumulation of microbial-derived uremic toxins. However, the effect of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) on the gut microbiome and circulating metabolites is unknown. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to UUO and sham-operated control groups. Renal histology, colonic microbiota, and plasma metabolites were examined two weeks later. We employed 16S rRNA sequence and untargeted metabolomic analyses to explore the changes in colonic microbiota and plasma metabolites and their relationship with tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF). The UUO rats exhibited tubular atrophy and dilatation, interstitial fibrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration in the obstructed kidney. UUO rats showed significant colonic enrichment and depletion of genera. Significant differences were identified in 219 plasma metabolites involved in lipid, amino acid, and bile acid metabolism, which were consistent with gut microbiota-related metabolism. Interestingly, tryptophan and its metabolites kynurenine, 5-hydroxytryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptamine levels, which were linked with TIF, correlated with nine specific genera. Plasma tryptophan level was positively correlated with Clostridium IV, Turicibacter, Pseudomonas and Lactobacillales, and negatively correlated with Oscillibacter, Blautia, and Intestinimonas, which possess the genes encoding tryptophan synthase (K16187), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (K00463) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (K00453) and their corresponding enzymes (EC:1.13.11.52 and EC:1.13.11.11) that exacerbate TIF. In conclusion, UUO results in profound changes in the gut microbiome and circulating metabolites, events that contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammation and TIF.