A Comparative Study of Compliment Responses between Chinese and Korean EFL Learners

Zhang, In-Jun 부산외국어대학교 외국어연구소 2021 외국어연구 Vol.34 No.-

This study focused on investigating the similarities and differences between Chinese and Korean L2 learners shows that there’s no universal pattern that can be used to describe the two groups’ CRs. Both the two groups response to compliments in the following preference sequence, Accept, Evade and Reject. As for micro levels, Chinese L2 learners made more use of Accept strategies while Korean L2 learners used Evade more. Due to different second language acquisition methods, Chinese L2 learners showed to have a more direct attitude towards accepting compliments. However, there are still some limitations in this study. First, the sample of participants is a little bit small. Based on Tang and Zhang’s study (2009), there are people who prefer to use Reject. However, in this study, there were no Reject responses among all the Chinese L2 learners’ replies. This, to some degree, may influence the results and comparative analyses of the two groups. Second, before the DCT, the background survey asked the participants whether they had experiences of being in English speaking countries and why they came there. However, this variable is not analyzed in the study. Since there is no standard criterion for personal experience, it’s difficult to know how much personal experience will influence participants’ expressions. Finally, although the DCT is designed as short as possible, it’s undeniable that it still takes participants some time to finish it. Whether the participant expresses all he/she wants to or not is hard to know and this is also a possible variable that has influences on the experimental data. Further research on the CRs of Chinese L2 learners and Korean L2 learners needs a more sophisticated and accurate experiment design and I hope this study, though imperfect, can be of some help to relevant research. Key words: EFL. compliment response, speech act

論中國傳統企業效率問題

康 埈 荣,张守鑫 韓國外國語大學校 外國學綜合硏究센터 中國硏究所 2005 中國硏究 Vol.35 No.-

객체 관계형 데이타베이스 관리 시스템을 이용한 디지털 앨범의 설계 및 구현

이준서,장염승,한기준 건국대학교 산업기술연구원 2000 건국기술연구논문지 Vol.25 No.-

As the storage capacity of a computer system is rapidly increasing and the cost of computer hardware is decreasing continuously, users can easily manage multimedia data on the personal computer. Especially, various image view programs are widely used to manage image files at the present time. However, since most of these programs do not use a database management system(DBMS), it is very difficult for users to use them efficiently. In this paper, we designed and implemented a Digital Album by using an object-relational database management system, called PARODY(Persistent, Almost, Relational Object Database sYstem) that implements a persistent object database with a relatively simple interface to its C++ class library. Since PARODY is used as a data storage manager of the Digital Album, users can manage(i.e., insert, update, and delete) an image database and search for the required image data from the image database easily. In addition, we use OWL(Object Windows Library) of Borland C++ to implement the user interface of the Digital Album efficiently.

A New ent-Kaurane type Diterpenoid Glycoside from Inula japonica Thunb

Jiang Jiang Qin,Jia Xian Zhu,Wei Dong Zhang1,2,Yan Zhu,Jian Jun Fu,Xiao Hua Liu,Hui Zi Jin 대한약학회 2009 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.32 No.10

A new ent-kaurane type diterpenoid glycoside, 17-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-16α-ent-kauran-19-oic acid (1), together with 17-hydroxy-16α-ent-kauran-19-oic acid (2), 16α,17-dihydroxyl-ent-kauran-19-oic acid (3), and 16α-hydroxy-17-acetoxy-ent- kauran-19-oic acid (4) were isolated from the aerial parts of Inula japonica Thunb. The structure of 1 was determined mainly by use of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques including HSQC, 1H-1H COSY, HMBC, and NOESY. In addition, 4 exhibited significant inhibitory activity on NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells with IC50 value of 14.3 μg/mL.

Macrophages Promote Coal Tar Pitch Extract-induced Tumorigenesis of BEAS-2B Cells and Tumor Metastasis in Nude Mice Mediated by AP-1

Zhang, Peng,Jin, Yue-Fei,Zhang, Qiao,Wu, Yi-Ming,Wu, Wei-Dong,Yao, Wu,Wu, Yong-Jun,Li, Zhi-Tao,Zhao, Yong,Liu, Yu,Feng, Fei-Fei Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.12

Background: We sought to evaluate the role of tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) on the promotion of coal tar pitch extract (CTPE)-induced tumorigenesis of human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) and tumor metastasis in nude mice, and related mechanisms. Materials and Methods: BEAS-2B cells were first treated with 2.4 mg/mL CTPE for 72 hours. After removal of CTPE, the cells were continuously cultured and passaged using trypsin-EDTA. THP-1 cells were used as macrophage-like cells. BEAS-2B cells under different conditions (n=6/group) were injected into the back necks of nude mice, and alterations of tumor xenograft growth, indicative of tumorigenicity, and tumor metastasis were determined. Pathological changes (tumor nests and microvascular lesions) of HE-stained tumor tissues were also evaluated. The expression of AP-1(c-Jun) in xenografts and metastatic tumors was determined using immunohistochemistry. Results: Tumor size and weight in nude mice transplanted with the mixture of CTPE-induced passage 30 BEAS-2B and THP-1 cells (2:1) were increased compared to those from the CTPE-treated BEAS-2B cells at passage 30 alone at different observation time points. Tumor metastasis to lymph nodes and liver was only detected after transplantation of a mixture the two kinds of cells. The numbers of tumor nests and microvascular lesions, and the expression levels of AP-1 (c-Jun) in tumors from the mixture of two kinds of cells were increased apparently in contrast to those in tumor from the CTPE-treated BEAS-2B cells of passage 30 alone. In addition, there was positive correlation between AP-1 (c-Jun) expression level and the number of microvascular lesions, or between AP-1 (c-Jun) expression level and tumor metastasis in these two groups. Conclusions: TAMs not only facilitate tumorigenesis transformation of CTPE-induced BEAS-2B cells, but also promote tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastasis in nude mice in vivo, which may be mediated by AP-1.

張戒論杜

張駿?(Zhang Jun?hui) 동아인문학회 2010 동아인문학 Vol.18 No.-

Zhang Jie’s Comment on Poetry in Suihantang in South Song Dynasty is an important work in the Chinese aesthetics history and Chinese poetry comment history. Understanding and discussion Du Fu’s poetry is not only an important element of this work, but also an important part of aesthetics; especially the volume 2 was specialized in commenting on Du Fu’s poem. This suggested that Zhang Jie took Du Fu as a model and respected and followed him, and this is the implementation of Zhang Jie’s theory in the critical practice.

A New Unsymmetrical Zinc Phthalocyanine as Photosensitizers for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells

Zhang, Dan,Zhang, Xue-Jun,Zhang, Lei,Mao, Li-Jun Korean Chemical Society 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.4

A new unsymmetrical zinc phthalocyanine has been designed and synthesized based on the 'push-pull' and extended ${\pi}$-conjugation concept for the dye-sensitized solar cells. Three tert-butoxy groups, which act as electron releasing ('push'), enhance the solubility of phthalocyanine in common organic solvents and reduce the aggregation. Hydroxy substituted 9,10-anthraquinones act as electron acceptors ('pull') for the study of photoinduced electron transfer processes as well as grafting onto nanocrystalline $TiO_2$. The new unsymmetrical zinc phthalocyanine was fully characterized by FTIR, UV-vis, $^1H$ NMR, cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. The new sensitizer was tested in dye-sensitized solar cells, and gave a better performance.

Production and Characterization of Ethanol- and Protease-Tolerant and Xylooligosaccharides-Producing Endoxylanase from Humicola sp Ly01

( Jun Pei Zhou ),( Qian Wu ),( Rui Zhang ),( Yu Ying Yang ),( Xiang Hua Tang ),( Jun Jun Li ),( Jun Mei Ding ),( Yan Yan Dong ),( Zun Xi Huang ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2013 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.23 No.6

This paper reports the production and characterization of crude xylanase from the newly isolated Humicola sp. Ly01. The highest (41.8 U/ml) production of the crude xylanase was obtained under the optimized conditions (w/v): 0.5% wheat bran, 0.2% KH2PO4, and 0.5% peptone; initial pH 7.0; incubation time 72 h; 30℃; and 150 rpm. A considerable amount of the crude xylanase was induced using hulless barley bran or soybean meal as the carbon source, but a small amount of the enzyme was produced when supplementary urea was used as the nitrogen source to wheat bran. The crude xylanase showed apparent optimal cellulase-free xylanase activity at 60℃ and pH 6.0, more than 71.8% of the maximum xylanase activity in 3.0-30.0% (v/v) ethanol and more than 82.3% of the initial xylanase activity after incubation in 3.0-30.0% (v/v) ethanol at 30℃ for 2 h. The crude xylanase was moderately resistant to both acid and neutral protease digestion, and released 7.9 and 10.9 μmol/ml reducing sugar from xylan in the simulated gastric and intestinal fluids, respectively. The xylooligosaccharides were the main products of the hydrolysis of xylan by the crude xylanase. These properties suggested the potential of the crude enzyme for being applied in the animal feed industry, xylooligosaccharides production, and high-alcohol conditions such as ethanol production and brewing.

VUV spectroscopic properties of rare-earth (RE³⁺ = Sm³⁺, Eu³⁺, Tb³⁺, Dy³⁺) -activated layered borate Ba₆Gd₉B₇₉O₁₃₈

Zhang, Zhi-Jun,Zhang, Shao-Lin,Zhang, Wei-Bin,Yang, Woochul Elsevier 2017 SOLID STATE SCIENCES Vol.64 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) spectroscopic properties of rare-earth RE<SUP>3+</SUP>- activated (RE<SUP>3+</SUP> = Sm<SUP>3+</SUP>, Eu<SUP>3+</SUP>, Tb<SUP>3+</SUP> and Dy<SUP>3+</SUP>) Ba<SUB>6</SUB>Gd<SUB>9</SUB>B<SUB>79</SUB>O<SUB>138</SUB> borates (BGBO) are investigated. The strong absorption bands in the VUV range of un-doped and RE<SUP>3+</SUP>-activated BGBO were observed. The band range from 140 to 200 nm with a peak at about 173 nm results from the host lattice absorption. For Sm<SUP>3+</SUP>-activated BGBO, the charge transfer transition from O<SUP>2-</SUP> to Sm<SUP>3+</SUP> was observed at 202 nm. In addition, it exhibits bright red emission originating from the Sm<SUP>3+</SUP> <I>f</I>-<I>f</I> transitions of <SUP>4</SUP>G<SUB>5/2</SUB> → <SUP>6</SUP>H<SUB> <I>J</I> </SUB> (<I>J</I> = 5/2, 7/2 and 9/2). The O<SUP>2-</SUP>-Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> charge transfer (CT) at 249 nm is observed in the excitation spectrum for Eu<SUP>3+</SUP>-doped BGBO. For Tb<SUP>3+</SUP>-activated BGBO, the broad bands around 208 and 230 nm are due to the spin-allowed and spin-forbidden <I>f</I>-<I>d</I> transitions of Tb<SUP>3+</SUP>, respectively. In addition, the absence of the <I>f</I>-<I>d</I> transitions of Sm<SUP>3+</SUP> and Dy<SUP>3+</SUP> in the excitation spectra probably due to the photo-ionization effect. It is demonstrated that there are energy transfers from the BGBO host lattice to the luminescent activators depending on the activators.</P> <P><B>High lights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> VUV spectroscopic properties of rare-earth ions in Ba<SUB>6</SUB>Gd<SUB>9</SUB>B<SUB>79</SUB>O<SUB>138</SUB> have been investigated. </LI> <LI> The CT bands of O<SUP>2-</SUP>-Sm<SUP>3+</SUP> and O<SUP>2-</SUP>-Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> charge transfer bands were observed at 202 and 249 nm, respectively. </LI> <LI> The <I>f</I>-<I>d</I> spin-allowed (208 nm) and spin-forbidden (230 nm) transitions of Tb<SUP>3+</SUP> were observed. </LI> <LI> Energy transfer from the host to rare-earth activators has been demonstrated. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Reduction of the contact resistance in copper phthalocyanine thin film transistor with UV/ozone treated Au electrodes

Jun Li,Liang Zhang,Xiao-Wen Zhang,Hao Zhang,Xue-Yin Jiang,Dong-bin Yu,Wen-Qing Zhu,Zhi-Lin Zhang 한국물리학회 2010 Current Applied Physics Vol.10 No.5

Bottom-contact (BC) copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) thin film transistor with UV/ozone treated Au as a source/drain electrode was fabricated and the contact resistance was estimated from the transmission line method (TLM). Comparing the properties of OTFT with untreated Au electrode, the performance of the BC CuPc-TFT with the UV/ozone treated Au electrodes was significantly improved: saturation mobility increased from 4.69 × 10−3 to 2.37 × 10−2 ㎠/V s, threshold voltage reduced from −29.1 to −6.4 V, and threshold swing varied from 5.08 to 2.25 V/decade. The contact resistance of the device with UV/ozone treated Au electrodes was nearly 20 times smaller than that of the device with untreated Au electrodes at the gate voltage of −20 V. This result indicated that using the UV/ozone treated Au electrode is an effective method to reduce the contact resistance. The present BC configuration with UV/ozone treated Au electrodes could be a significant step towards the commercialization of OTFT technology.