縱, 橫方向 鐵筋比의 변화가 RC비틀림 部材에 미치는 力學性狀

申鉉默,金銀謙,朴潤濟 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1989 論文集 Vol.40 No.1

지금까지 RC 비틀림 部材에 대한 硏究들은 縱方向 및 橫方向 철근비를 동일하게 하면 최대의 비틀림强度를 얻을 수 있다고 하는 이른바 同一體積比의 原理에 입각한 것이 대부분이다. 그러나, 최근 RC 構造物의 설계법이 許容應力度 設計法에서 强度設計法 내지는 限界狀態設計法으로 轉換되어 가는 추세에 있음을 고려할 때, RC 비틀림부재의 縱. 橫方向 철근비를 달리하였을 경우 이들 철근이 각각 RC 비틀림부재의 비틀림강도 및 QUSGUDD 미치는 영향을 상세히 파악한다는 것은 매우 의미있는 일이다. 본 연구는 이와 같은 관점에서 縱. 橫方向의 철근비를 각각 달리한 7個의 RC 部材를 제작하여 載荷實驗을 실시, 이들이 RC 부재의 비틀림강도 및 변형에 미치는 영향을 實驗的으로 고찰하는데 目的을 둔 것이다. Most previous studies for the RC torisional members are based on the equal volume principle. Then, current design method requires not only the torsional strengths but also the serviceability on the torsional members. So, this study aimed to investigate the deformation characteristics as well as the torsional strengths on the R.C. torsional members by the variance of reinforcement ratio through the experiment with set-en test beams.

남성화 암쥐의 모리스 수중 미로 수행력 : 성에 따른 공간기억력과 테스토르테론 효과의 차이

신성현,박제민,정우영,박문일,서유나,김성곤,강철중 大韓神經精神醫學會 2007 신경정신의학 Vol.46 No.5

Objectives : It is widely accepted that gonadal steroids are involved in organization and activation of sexual dimorphism in the brain areas related with spatial leaming. This study aimed to test the following hypothesis : 1) spatial memory is affected by sex, 2) this difference is related with brain differentiation by exposure to testosterone in the neonatal period, and/or 3) the sexual difference of spatial memory is the result of the interaction between organization of sexual dimorphism in the brain and the circulating testosterone after growing up. Methods : Testosterone enanthate 100 ㎍, ('androgenized') orvehicle ('control') was randomly administered to 28 female and 25 male rat pups within 24 hour of birth. The escape latencies (EL) in Morris water maze were measured in 15 and 16 week of age with vehicle ('baseline') and with 10 μmol/kg of testosterone ('with testosterone'), respectively. Each session Consis-ted of 10 trials, and means of the last 5 trials were analyzed. Results : The baseline EL of the males were significantly shorter than females regardless ofneonatal exposure to testosterone. With testosterone, EL of the androgenized females were significantly shorter than control females and comparable to those of males. Conclusion : Neonatal exposure to testosterone in female rats may develop a tesosterone-dependent male-like spatial leaming system.

중증 재생불량성 빈혈 환자의 동종골수이식 후에 병발한 간정맥폐색질환(Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease)의 임상 경과 및 혈액응고 인자들의 변화

이제환,이규형,최성준,민영주,김신,이정신,김상희,박찬정,지현숙,김우건 대한조혈모세포이식학회 1999 대한조혈모세포이식학회지 Vol.4 No.2

연구배경: 재생불량성 빈혈 경우에는 조혈모세포 이식 후 VOD의 발생에 관한 보고가 거의 없는 실정이다. 저자 등은 cyclophosphamide와 antithymocyte globulin으로 전처치 후에 동종골수이식을 시행한 재생불량성 빈혈 환자들을 대상으로 하여 VOD의 발생과 임상 양상, 혈액응고 인자들의 변화에 관하여 분석하여 보았다. 방법: 재생불량성 빈혈로 동종골수이식을 시행 받은 13예 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 임상적 기준에 따라 VOD를 진단하였으며 임상 경과에 따라서 경중을 분류하였다. Protein C, protein S, antithrombin Ⅲ, tPA, PAI-1 등의 혈액응고 인자들을 전처치 투여전, 골수 주입당일, 이식 후 제7, 14, 21일에 측정하였다. 결과: 7예(53.8%)에서 VOD가 발생하였으며, 경증 5예, 중등도 2예였다. VOD군에서 혈소판치가 20.000/㎕ 이상을 유지하는 데까지 걸리는 시간이 더 길었다(p=0.026). 또한 VOD군에서 적혈구 및 혈소판의 수혈 요구량이 각각 유의하게 많았다(p=0.025, 0.015). 혈액응고 인자들의 변화를 보면, 제 0일에 VOD군에서 PAI-1의 혈중 농도가 유의하게 더 높았다.(p=0.034). 결론: 재생불량성 빈혈환자에서도 조혈모세포 이식 후에 VOD의 높은 발생률을 관찰하였으며, 대부분이 경증이었다. VOD 환자에서의 혈액응고 인자들의 변화는 PAL-1이 VOD의 감별 진단을 위하여 이용될 수 있음을 시사하고 있다. Background: There are few reports about the occurrence of hepatic veno-occlusive disease(VOD) after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for severe aplastic anemia (SAA). We analyzed the incidence and clinical outcomes of VOD and changes of coagulation factors in patients with SAA who were conditioned with cyclophosphamide plus ATG and underwent allogeneic BMT. Methods: Thirteen patients with SAA who underwent allogeneic BMT were included. A diagnosis of VOD was made according to clinical criteria, and severity of VOD was classified according to clinical course. Plasma levels of protein C, protein S, antithrombin Ⅲ, t-PA, and PAI-1 were determined before preparative chemotherapy, in the day of marrow infusion, and days 7, 14, and 21. Results: VOD occurred in 7/13(53.8%). Five were mild VOD and two were moderate VOD. Time to platelet ≥20,000/L was slower (p=0.026) and red cell and platelet transfusion requirements were higher (p=0.025,0.015) in patients with VOD . The mean plasma level of PAI-1 at 0 were higher in patients with VOD (p=0.034). Conclusion: We observed the high incidence of VOD after allogeneic BMT in patients with SAA. A majority of cases of VOD were mild. The changes of PAI-1 after BMT may be useful marker of hepatic VOD

폐결핵으로 오인된 SIADH를 동반한 편평상피 세포폐암 1예

김순제,류하근,김선두,이길도,박봉안,류주성,유재등,김인숙,신현준,문언수 대한노인병학회 1999 Annals of geriatric medicine and research Vol.3 No.4

새 敎育 課程에 따른 高等學校 共通科學 敎科書 生命 單元의 比較 分析

김제연,신두철,김현섭 공주대학교 사범대학 과학교육연구소 1997 과학교육연구 Vol.28 No.1

本 硏究는 새 敎育 課程에 따른 高等學校 共通科學7種 敎科書 生命 單元의 知識 領域과 探究 領域을 定量的으로 比較·分析하여 高等學校 生物 敎育의 基礎 資料를 제공하고, 敎育의 效率性을 기하기 위하여 수행되었으며, 그 結果는 다음과 같다. 1. 生命 單元의 紙面 數는 7種 敎科書의 全體 平均 476.29面 중에서 附錄을 포함하여 13.20%인 62面 이었으며, 가장 많은 것은 E 敎科書로서 80面, B 와 C 敎科書는 63面, F 敎科書는 62面, D 敎科書는 60面, A와 G 敎科書는 가장 적은 55面이었다. 單元別로는 '刺戟과 反應'이 平均 14.3面으로 가장 많았고, '遺傳'이 平均 11面으로 가장 적었다. 2. 單元別 分量과 探究 活動 回數의 相對比를 調査하여 分析한 결과, '營養과 健康' 單元에서 相對比가 1.0으로 가장 적절하였다. 3. 探究 活動의 主題는 類似한 內容의 主題를 하나로 묶어서 調査했을 때 72種, 127回로 나타났으며, 7種 敎科書 모두에서 취급하고 있는 主題는 '사람의 遺傳 形質', '生殖 細胞 形成', '性호르몬의 分泌 調節' 등으로 학교 현장에서 반드시 다루어야할 必須 主題임을 알 수 있었다. 4. 探究 活動 回數와 각 內容 要素別 回數를 調査하여 分析한 결과, ㉮ 實驗 回數의 相對比는 '營養과 健康' 單元에서 1로 가장 적절한 回數를 나타냈다. ㉯ 資料解析의 相對比는 '生殖' 單元에서 1.41로 지나치게 높았으며, '刺戟과 反應' 單元이 0.94로 가장 적절한 回數이니 것으로 나타났다. ㉰ 調査의 相對比는 '遺傳' 單元이 1.11로 가장 적절한 回數인 것으로 나타났다. ㉱ 討議의 相對比는 '營養과 健康' 單元이 1로 가장 적절한 回數인 것으로 나타났다. 5. 探究 活動의 比重이 커짐에 따라 學校 現場에서 실제로 활용될 수 있는 主題 및 素材의 개발이 필요하며, 實驗과 觀察을 위한 충분한 시설이 갖추어 지고, 충분한 시간이 주어져야만 한다. 6. 學習者에게 探究 活動 中心의 수업이 될 수 있도록 敎科 內容의 양을 줄여야 한다. 또한 原理와 法則, 槪念 등의 이해를 돕고 興味와 刺戟을 줄 수 있는 그림, 읽을 거리, 揷畵, 寫眞 및 낱말 맞추기 등의 資料가 많아야 하고, 視覺的 效果의 極大化를 위하여 天然色으로 構成되어야 할 것이다. 7. 多樣하고 많은 數의 探究 活動을 제공하여 學生들의 興味를 誘發하고 地域的·季節的 與件, 學校 事情, 敎科上의 問題 등 여러 면에서 融通性 있게 운영할 수 있도록 하여야 한다. 8. 敎科書 分量에 비추어 受業 時數 單位 配當의 適正性에 대한 硏究가 수행되어야 할 것이다. 9. 共通科學 敎科書의 다른 單元 즉, 物理, 化學, 地球科學 및 環境 單元 등을 總括하여 7種 敎科書에 대한 比較·分析 硏究가 遂行되어 바람직한 高等學校 共通科學 敎育에 대한 改善 資料가 마련되어야 한다. The purpose of this study is to provide the basic information and efficiency for biology education through analysis and comparison of knowledge part and inquiry part of Life Unit on the seven kinds of the high school 'General Science' textbooks written in accordance with new curriculum. Especially this study is focused on analysis of the inquiry activity of the textbooks. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The numbers of pages about the 'Life' unit are 62 including the appendix among the whole average 476.29 Textbook B and C fill pages the 'Life' unit 63, textbook F 62, textbook D 60. While textbook E contains the 'Life' unit more than any other book as the 80 pages, textbook A and G have the least pages 55. 2. On the basis of the result of analysis to relative rate between the quantity of units and the frequency of research activities, the optimum relative rate is found in the unit 'Nutrition and Health'. 3. Regarding subjects of the similar contents as one subject, the subjects of research activities are 72 kinds and frequency of experiments about them is 127. 'An inherited character of man', 'Controls of sex hormone secretion' and 'Formation of reproductive cells' are common subjects in the 7 different kinds of textbooks. We can know that they are necessary subjects which should be treated in school. 4. The results obtained from analyzing the frequency of research activities and units indicate that, ⓐ The relative rate of the frequency of experiments is 1 in the unit "Nutrition and Health" and the rate is the optimum frequency. ⓑ The relative rate of materials analysis in 1.41 in the unit 'Reproduction' and 0.94 in the unit 'Stimulus and Reaction'. While the former rate is excessively high, the latter rate is the optimum frequency. ⓒ The relative rate of inquiry is 1.11 in the unit 'Heredity' and the rate is also the optimum frequency. ⓓ The relative rate of discussion is 1 in the unit 'Nutrition and Health' and the rate is the optimum frequency. 5. As research activities are emphasized, the development of the subjects and the materials which really can be used in school is need. 6. The quantity of textbook contents have to be decrease for the students can do the research activities. The textbooks should have these materials such as pictures, photographs, something good to read, and puzzles··, etc, that can help students to understand principles, laws and conceptions and also to give students interests and simulations. The textbooks also should be made colorful to improve the visual effects. 7. The textbooks should have many kinds of research activities and various contents in order to give interests and motivation to students. They also have to be considered the conditions of regions, seasons, schools and scientific matters. 8. The study that the class time allotment set on the basis of the quantity of textbook should be performed. 9. General science textbook consists of different units such as 'Physics', 'Chemistry', 'Geoscience' and 'Environment'. As these units are generalized, compared and analyzed on the 7 different kinds of textbook, improving materials should be made for the desirable high school general science education.

사회적 음주자에서 날트렉손 투여가 급성 음주 반응에 미치는 영향

김종현,김성곤,신성현,박제민,김명정 大韓神經精神醫學會 2004 신경정신의학 Vol.43 No.6

Objectives : We investigated the effects of naltrexone on acute alcohol response, stimulant and sedative, in healthy social drinkers using two doses of alcohol intake. Methods : Twenty four healthy male medical students were voluntarily participated. The experimental method was Cross-over design, Subjects received 25 mg/day or 50 mg/day of naltrexone on the experimental days. Biphasic Alcohol Effects Scale (BAES), alcohol craving, and blood alcohol concentration (BAC) were measured before drinking and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90,and 120 min after drinking. Results : 1) Group of 0.6 mg/kg of alcohol intake. When the scores of stimulative subscale of BAES were compared bet-ween the naltrexone and control group, the scores were significantly lower in the naltrexone group at 15 and 90 min after drinking. Alcohol induced sedative effect was significantly higher in the naltrexone group at 90 min after drinking. The alcohol induced alcohol craving at 45 and 60 min after drinking was significantly lower in the naltrexone group as compared to the control. 2) Group of 0.3 ing/kg of alcohol intake. The alcohol induced stimulative effect evident in the control group seen in the time span of 15 to 45 min after drinking was not seen in the naltrexone group. The increase of alcohol induced alcohol craving noticed at 30 min after drinking in the control group was not seen in the naltrexone group. BAC at 15 min after drinking was lower in the naltrexone group compared to the control. Conclusion : Naltrexone is suggested to attenuate stimulative effect, to intensify sedative effect, and to block alcohol induced alcohol craving. These triple actions might be utilized for treatment and prevention of relapse of alcohol dependence.

치은섬유모세포 및 치주인대세포에 의한 교원질 수축에 관한 연구

홍영안,김현수,주성숙,신제원 慶熙大學校 齒科大學 1995 慶熙齒大論文集 Vol.17 No.2

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate contraction of the human gingival and periodontal ligament fibroblast in the collagen matrix. The cell cultures were prepared using human gingiva and tooth. The collagen gels were observed daily with an inverted microscope and their area was determined by measuring the diameters of the collagen gel. The configurations of human gingival and periodontal ligament fibroblasts were done by SEM observation. The results as follows; 1. The contraction was found to be proportional to seeding cell without seeding cells, the contraction was not occured. 2. Periodontal ligament fibroblast was shown more fast contraction than gingival fibroblast. 3. The collagen matrix was translucent initially, but with fully contraction, the structure become opaque. 4. The collagen matrix with fibroblast were aggregated to form bundles and reorganized collagen fiber.

발치와의 치유과정에서 교원질 및 비교원단백질의 분포에 관한 면역조직화학적 연구

오화탁,김현수,주성숙,신제원 慶熙大學校 齒科大學 1995 慶熙齒大論文集 Vol.17 No.2

During tooth socket healing, the coagulum in the socket is replaced by fibrous connective tissue which undergoes mineralization and eventually becomes bone. Using this model, the healing process of the tooth socket and the role of type I collagen(CI), fibronectin(FN), bone sialoprotein(BSP), and osteopontin(OP) in the process were studied. Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 130-150gm were fed fi -aminopropionitcille for 5days before extraction of the first maxillary molars, and sacrified by perfusion with 4% paraformaldehyde at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10days after tooth extraction. The socket and surrounding tissues were cut, demineralized, dehydrated and embedded in paraffin. For morphological observation, the sections were stained by Azan. Immunostaining of the ECM components was achieved by the avidin-biotin complex method. The results as follows; 1. Morphology of the tooth socket 1day after tooth extraction. The socket was filled with blood coagulum which was composed of densly aggregated red blood cells, platelets and fibrin network. 2. Morphology of the tooth socket 3days after tooth exyraction. A large portion of the coagulum was replaced by fibrous connective tissue contains a large number of fibroblasts, come from periphery of the socket. 3. At 5days, the newly formed bone demonstrated the highest proliferation activity. At 7days, the soclet was occupied with new bone. 4. Type I collagen was observed in the newly formed connective tissue and around the new bone. fiber. 5. Intensive staining for fibronectin was observed in granulation tissue, especially around blood vessels as well as inflammatory cells. 6. Strong immunostaining for bone sialoprotein and osteopontin was found in osteoblasts and new bone, while weaker staining was observed on dense connective tissue. 7. These data suggest that collagen and noncollagen proteins (FN, BSP, OP) an important role daring socket healing.

중증 재생불량성빈혈에서 타인 혹은 HLA 불일치 혈연간 골수이식을 위한 cyclophosphamide와 antithymocyte globulin전처치 요법

이정희,이제환,김신,설미이,이정신,김우건,김상희,지현숙,박찬정,이규형 대한조혈모세포이식학회 2001 대한조혈모세포이식학회지 Vol.6 No.1

배경: Cyclophosphamide와 ATG의 전처치 요법은 HLA가 일치하는 형제간 골수이식에서는 매우 효과적인 것으로 알려져 있으나, 타인 혹은 HLA 불일치 혈연간 골수이식에서는 전처치 요법으로서 불충분한 것으로 보고되었는데, 주요 문제는 착상 부전이었다. 우리나라를 포함하는 극동아시아 지역의 국가들에서 발표되는 보고에 의하면 타인이식을 포함하여 골수이식 후 착상 부전과 이식편대숙주질환의 발생이 서구 국가들로부터의 보고에서보다 적은 것으로 알려져 있다. 저자 등은 6예의 중증 재생불량성빈혈 환자들에서 질병 초기에 Cyclophosphamide와 ATG만을 이용하여 전처치를 한 후에 타인 혹은 HLA 불일치 혈연간 골수이식을 시행하였다. 방법: 1999년 5월부터 2000년 4월까지 서울중앙병원에서 타인 혹은 HLA 불일치 혈연간 골수이식을 시행 받은 성인 중증 재생불량성빈혈 환자들을 대상으로 하였다. 골수이식을 위한 전처치 요법으로 cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg/d x 4)와 ATG (30 mg/kg/d x 3)를 투여하였는데, 골수이식 전에 ATG에 대하여 과민 반응을 보였던 한 예 (UPN 120)에서는 ATG 대신에 fludarabine (30 mg/m2/d x 3)을 투여하였다. 이식편대숙주질환의 예방을 위하여 cyclosporine과 methotrexate를 투여하였다. 결과: 연구 기간 중에 모두 6예가 타인 혹은 HLA 불일치 혈연간 골수이식을 시행 받았는데, 5예는 타인으로부터 골수를 공여 받았으며, 1예는 HLA의 표현형이 하나의 유전자좌에서 일치하지 않는 형제로부터 골수를 공여 받았다. 타인 골수이식을 받은 5예 중에서 3예의 공여자는 HLA의 표현형이 일치하였으며, 1예는 하나의 유전자좌가 major mismatch였고, 1예는 하나의 유전자좌가 minor mismatch였다. 추적기간의 중앙값은 406일 (범위, 328-643일)인데, 6예 모두에서 착상된 상태를 유지하면서 생존해있다. 2예에서 3도의 급성 이식편대숙주질환과 전신성 만성 이식편대숙주질환이 발생하였다. 결론: Cyclophosphamide와 ATG의 전처치 요법은 재생불량성빈혈의 초기에 타인 혹은 HLA 불일치 혈연간 골수이식을 시행 받은 한국인 환자들에서 충분히 착상을 가져올 수 있는 요법으로 생각된다. 비록 본 연구의 대상 환자 수가 적지만 결과는 매우 고무적이다. HLA가 일치하는 형제가 없는 중증 재생불량성빈혈 환자의 경우에 타인 골수 공여자에 대한 검색을 조기에 시행해야 하며, 타인 혹은 HLA 불일치 혈연간 골수이식을 질병 초기에 적극적으로 고려해야 할 것으로 생각된다. Background: Cyclophosphamide (CY) and ATG regimen was reported to be insufficient for alternative donor BMT in SAA patients due to high incidence of graft rejection. The rates of graft rejection and GVHD after allogeneic BMT including unrelated donor transplants seemed to be lower in reports from Asian countries of Far East. We applied CY/ATG regimen to six patients with early stage of SAA transplanted with marrow from alternative donors other than HLA-identical siblings. Methods: Three patients were transplanted from HLA-phenotypically identical unrelated donors, two from one-locus mismatched unrelated donors, and one from an one-locus mismatched sibling donor. Four patients received no previous therapy for SAA, and two received one course of immunosuppressive therapy with ATG. Preparative regimen was CY (200 mg/kg) plus ATG (90 mg/kg) in all patients except one who had had an anaphylactic reaction to ATG prior to BMT and received fludarabine (90 mg/m2) in place of ATG. Cyclosporine plus methotrexate were given for GVHD prophylaxis. Results: All six patients engrafted and all are alive with durable engraftment at a median follow-up of 406 days (range, 328 to 643). Two patients developed grade III acute GVHD and extensive chronic GVHD. Conclusions: CY/ATG regimen may be sufficient in Korean patients with early stage of SAA transplanted with marrow from alternative donors. Although the number of patients in present study is small, results are encouraging. Stem cell transplantation using alternative donors may be considered at early stage of aplastic anemia.

주산기 백서에서 혈중 에스트로겐 농도와 공간 기억력과의 상관관계

박민성,박제민,신성현,한귀원,김명정,김성곤 大韓神經精神醫學會 2006 신경정신의학 Vol.45 No.5

Objectives : This study was designed to find possible effect of pregnancy and parturition on spatial memory, especially in relation to levels of estrogen during the third trimester and postpartal period in rats. Methods : 25 female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into pregnant group (N= 14) and control group (N= 11). Changes in spatial memory during 6 weeks including third trimester and postpartal period were measured using Morris water maze. Time to reach the platform in the maze was indicator of spatial memory. Serum estrogen level was measured on 1 week before delivery, postpartal day 1, and day 14. Results : Both groups showed gradual improvement in performance by trial days and weeks, but no significant difference was found between the two groups. However in the third trimester, pregnant group showed a trend of less achievement on 3 days of learning than control group. Serum estrogen levels did not differ significantly between groups over the 6 weeks of period. However there was positive correlation between serum estrogen level on postpartum day 1 and time to reach platform on postpartum week 2, and negative correlation between estrogen level on postpartum day 14 and latency to the platform on postpartum week 5. Conclusion : These results imply that changes in the serum estrogen level may have dual effects on the spatial learning in peripartal period. It is suggested that decline in cognitive function might occur either by failure of rapid decrease of estrogen, immediately after parturition, or retarded restoration of estrogen in later postpartal period.