http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Shayne CLARKE 동국대학교 불교학술원 2021 International Journal of Buddhist Thought & Cultur Vol.31 No.1
This paper examines a series of six curious narratives that appear in the section dealing with the third pārājika, the rule addressing monastic involvement in various acts of homicide (including abortion), in the Bhikṣu-vibhaṅga of the Mūlasarvāstivādavinaya. These tales purport to record the Buddha’s legislative reaction to (1) an offhand remark made to a seriously ill monk by his brother-in-the-dharma in response to which the sick monk foolishly and fatally consumed poison, (2) a monk under whose care a gravely ill monk convinced his co-religionist’s nephews to cut off his head in order to put an end to his suffering, (3–4) two monks who hope to receive the possessions of dying monks, (5) the famous arhat Upasena’s consent to a former doctor’s offer of an abortive preparation for his brother’s wife whom he got pregnant before becoming a monk, and (6) an ill father who decides to trick his female servant into squeezing the very life out of him after his son, a monk, tells him that as a lay Buddhist he will be reborn in a good destiny. What is curious about these stories, all delivered before the formal establishment of the third pārājika, is that at the end of each tale, the Buddha is said not to have established a rule-of-training. These tales thus run counter to the general function of narratives that precede the formal promulgation of Prātimokṣa rules in the extant vibhaṅgas. This paper seeks to throw light on the role of these curious stories.
Lee, Chien-Shen,Love, J. Shayne,Haskett, Trevor C.,Robinson, Jamieson K. Council on Tall Building and Urban Habitat Korea 2021 International journal of high-rise buildings Vol.10 No.2
Supplementary damping systems, such as tuned mass dampers (TMDs) and tuned sloshing dampers (TSDs) - also known as tuned liquid dampers (TLDs) - have been successfully employed to reduce building motion during wind events. A design of a damping system consisting of a TMD and two TSDs performing in unison has been developed for a tall building in Taiwan to reduce wind-induced motion. The architecturally exposed TMD will also be featured as a tourist attraction. The dual-purpose TSD tanks will perform as fire suppression water storage tanks. Linearized equivalent mechanical TSD and TMD models are coupled to the structure to simulate the multi-degree of freedom system response. Frequency response curves for the structure with and without the damping system are created to evaluate the performance of the damping system. The performance of the combined TMD-TSD system is evaluated against a conventional TMD system by computing the effective damping produced by each system. The proposed system is found to have superior performance in acceleration reduction. The combined TMD-TSD system is an effective and affordable means to reduce the wind-induced resonant response of tall buildings.
Pantropical climate interactions
Cai, Wenju,Wu, Lixin,Lengaigne, Matthieu,Li, Tim,McGregor, Shayne,Kug, Jong-Seong,Yu, Jin-Yi,Stuecker, Malte F.,Santoso, Agus,Li, Xichen,Ham, Yoo-Geun,Chikamoto, Yoshimitsu,Ng, Benjamin,McPhaden, Mich American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2019 Science Vol.363 No.6430
<P><B>Tropical interconnections</B></P><P>The El Niño–Southern Oscillation, which originates in the tropical Pacific, affects the rest of the world's tropics by perturbing global atmospheric circulation. Less appreciated than this influence is how the tropical Atlantic and Indian Oceans affect the Pacific. Cai <I>et al.</I> review what we know about these pantropical interactions, discuss possible ways of improving predictions of current climate variability, and consider how projecting future climate under different anthropogenic forcing scenarios may be improved. They argue that making progress in this field will require sustained global climate observations, climate model improvements, and theoretical advances.</P><P><I>Science</I>, this issue p. eaav4236</P><P>The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which originates in the Pacific, is the strongest and most well-known mode of tropical climate variability. Its reach is global, and it can force climate variations of the tropical Atlantic and Indian Oceans by perturbing the global atmospheric circulation. Less appreciated is how the tropical Atlantic and Indian Oceans affect the Pacific. Especially noteworthy is the multidecadal Atlantic warming that began in the late 1990s, because recent research suggests that it has influenced Indo-Pacific climate, the character of the ENSO cycle, and the hiatus in global surface warming. Discovery of these pantropical interactions provides a pathway forward for improving predictions of climate variability in the current climate and for refining projections of future climate under different anthropogenic forcing scenarios.</P>
Polar amplification dominated by local forcing and feedbacks
Stuecker, Malte F.,Bitz, Cecilia M.,Armour, Kyle C.,Proistosescu, Cristian,Kang, Sarah M.,Xie, Shang-Ping,Kim, Doyeon,McGregor, Shayne,Zhang, Wenjun,Zhao, Sen,Cai, Wenju,Dong, Yue,Jin, Fei-Fei Nature Publishing Group 2018 Nature climate change Vol.8 No.12
Combined Assessment of Serum Alpha-Synuclein and Rab35 is a Better Biomarker for Parkinson’s Disease
Hung-Li Wang,Chin-Song Lu,Tu-Hsueh Yeh,Yu-Ming Shen,Yi-Hsin Weng,Ying-Zu Huang,Rou-Shayn Chen,Yu-Chuan Liu,Yi-Chuan Cheng,Hsiu-Chen Chang,Ying-Ling Chen,Yu-Jie Chen,Yan-Wei Lin,Chia Chen Hsu,Huang-Li 대한신경과학회 2019 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.15 No.4
Background and Purpose It is essential to develop a reliable predictive serum biomarker for Parkinson’s disease (PD). Te accumulation of alpha-synuclein (αSyn) and up-regulated expression of Rab35 participate in the etiology of PD. Te purpose of this investigation was to determine whether the combined assessment of serum αSyn and Rab35 is a useful predictive biomarker for PD. Methods Serum levels of αSyn or Rab35 were determined in serum samples from 59 sporadic PD patients, 19 progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) patients, 20 multiple system atrophy (MSA) patients, and 60 normal controls (NC). Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were calculated to determine the diagnostic accuracy of αSyn or/and Rab35 in discriminating PD patients from NC or atypical parkinsonian patients. Results The levels of αSyn and Rab35 were increased in PD patients. The serum level of Rab35 was positively correlated with that of αSyn in PD patients. Compared to analyzing αSyn or Rab35 alone, the combined analysis of αSyn and Rab35 produced a larger area under the ROC curve and performed better in discriminating PD patients from NC, MSA patients, or PSP patients. When age was dichotomized at 55, 60, 65, or 70 years, the combined assessment of αSyn and Rab35 for classifying PD was better in the group below the cutof age than in the group above the cutof age. Conclusions Combined assessment of serum αSyn and Rab35 is a better biomarker for discriminating PD patients from NC or atypical parkinsonian patients, and is a useful predictive biomarker for younger sporadic PD patients.