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El Niño–Southern Oscillation complexity
Timmermann, Axel,An, Soon-Il,Kug, Jong-Seong,Jin, Fei-Fei,Cai, Wenju,Capotondi, Antonietta,Cobb, Kim,Lengaigne, Matthieu,McPhaden, Michael J.,Stuecker, Malte F.,Stein, Karl,Wittenberg, Andrew T.,Yun, Nature Publishing Group UK 2018 Nature Vol.559 No.7715
<P>El Nino events are characterized by surface warming of the tropical Pacific Ocean and weakening of equatorial trade winds that occur every few years. Such conditions are accompanied by changes in atmospheric and oceanic circulation, affecting global climate, marine and terrestrial ecosystems, fisheries and human activities. The alternation of warm El Nino and cold La Nina conditions, referred to as the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), represents the strongest year-to-year fluctuation of the global climate system. Here we provide a synopsis of our current understanding of the spatio-temporal complexity of this important climate mode and its influence on the Earth system.</P>
Pantropical climate interactions
Cai, Wenju,Wu, Lixin,Lengaigne, Matthieu,Li, Tim,McGregor, Shayne,Kug, Jong-Seong,Yu, Jin-Yi,Stuecker, Malte F.,Santoso, Agus,Li, Xichen,Ham, Yoo-Geun,Chikamoto, Yoshimitsu,Ng, Benjamin,McPhaden, Mich American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2019 Science Vol.363 No.6430
<P><B>Tropical interconnections</B></P><P>The El Niño–Southern Oscillation, which originates in the tropical Pacific, affects the rest of the world's tropics by perturbing global atmospheric circulation. Less appreciated than this influence is how the tropical Atlantic and Indian Oceans affect the Pacific. Cai <I>et al.</I> review what we know about these pantropical interactions, discuss possible ways of improving predictions of current climate variability, and consider how projecting future climate under different anthropogenic forcing scenarios may be improved. They argue that making progress in this field will require sustained global climate observations, climate model improvements, and theoretical advances.</P><P><I>Science</I>, this issue p. eaav4236</P><P>The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which originates in the Pacific, is the strongest and most well-known mode of tropical climate variability. Its reach is global, and it can force climate variations of the tropical Atlantic and Indian Oceans by perturbing the global atmospheric circulation. Less appreciated is how the tropical Atlantic and Indian Oceans affect the Pacific. Especially noteworthy is the multidecadal Atlantic warming that began in the late 1990s, because recent research suggests that it has influenced Indo-Pacific climate, the character of the ENSO cycle, and the hiatus in global surface warming. Discovery of these pantropical interactions provides a pathway forward for improving predictions of climate variability in the current climate and for refining projections of future climate under different anthropogenic forcing scenarios.</P>
Polar amplification dominated by local forcing and feedbacks
Stuecker, Malte F.,Bitz, Cecilia M.,Armour, Kyle C.,Proistosescu, Cristian,Kang, Sarah M.,Xie, Shang-Ping,Kim, Doyeon,McGregor, Shayne,Zhang, Wenjun,Zhao, Sen,Cai, Wenju,Dong, Yue,Jin, Fei-Fei Nature Publishing Group 2018 Nature climate change Vol.8 No.12
Author Correction: El Niño-Southern Oscillation complexity
Timmermann, Axel,An, Soon-Il,Kug, Jong-Seong,Jin, Fei-Fei,Cai, Wenju,Capotondi, Antonietta,Cobb, Kim M.,Lengaigne, Matthieu,McPhaden, Michael J.,Stuecker, Malte F.,Stein, Karl,Wittenberg, Andrew T.,Yu Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2019 Nature Vol.567 No.7746
Revisiting ENSO/Indian Ocean Dipole phase relationships : REVISITING ENSO/IOD PHASE RELATIONSHIPS
Stuecker, Malte F.,Timmermann, Axel,Jin, Fei-Fei,Chikamoto, Yoshimitsu,Zhang, Wenjun,Wittenberg, Andrew T.,Widiasih, Esther,Zhao, Sen American Geophysical Union 2017 Geophysical research letters Vol.44 No.5