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A Chunk Level Statistical Machine Translation
Shashidhar Ram Joshi,Arjun Singh Saud,Jagadish Bhatta,Ashim Ghishing,Bikash Balami,Yoga Raj Joshi 한국멀티미디어학회 2010 한국멀티미디어학회 국제학술대회 Vol.2010 No.-
Machine Translation (MT) is a task of translating from one language to another by the use of computer. The peculiarities and morphological structures' differences among languages create ambiguity and make MT more challenging. This paper is mainly concentrated on Chunk Level Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) rather than the traditional rule-based translation. SMT acquires knowledge that is required for the statistical translation by training. This training is conducted over the bilingual corpus. The knowledge, which is typically in the form of probabilities of various language features, is used to guide the translation process. The paper overviews an SMT technique which is implemented for English to Nepali translation and discusses some issues related with the translation ambiguities such as gender ambiguities, dropping words, unknown words etc.
Tracking Eye Movement for Visual Cursor
Shashidhar Ram Joshi,Laxmi Rayamajhi Rawal 한국멀티미디어학회 2010 한국멀티미디어학회 국제학술대회 Vol.2010 No.-
To design a real-time, robust eye tracker system with human eye movement indication property using the movements of eye pupil an algorithm is designed. Eye tracker algorithm is implemented using the Continuously Adaptive Mean-Shift (CAMSHIFT) algorithm and the EigenFace method. Input image captured by the web cam is detected using the CAMSHIFT algorithm. Face area is passed through a number of steps such as color space conversion and thresholding. After these steps, areas for left and right eyes are determined using the geometrical properties of the human face. Search regions for left and right eyes are individually passed to the eye detection algorithm to determine the exact locations of each eye.
New Algorithm in the Particle Tracking Velocimetry using Self-Organizing Map
Joshi Shashidhar Ram 한국멀티미디어학회 2010 한국멀티미디어학회 국제학술대회 Vol.2010 No.-
The self-organizing maps (SOM) model seems to have turned out particularly effective for the particle tracking algorithm of the PIV system. This is mainly because of the performance of the particle tracking itself, capacity of dealing with unpaired particles between two frames and no necessity for a priori knowledge on the flow field (e.g. maximum flow rate) to be measured. Initially, concept of SOM was applied to PIV by Labonte. It was modified by Ohmi and further modified algorithm is developed using the concept of Delta-Dar-Delta rule. It is a heuristic algorithm for modifying the learning rate as training progresses. Earlier, the treatment of unpaired particles, a specific problem to any type of PIV, is not fully considered and thereby, the tracking goes unsuccessfully for some particles. The present research is to bring about further improvement and practicability in this promising particle tracking algorithm. The computational complexity can be reduced employing modified algorithm compared to other algorithms. The modified algorithm is tested in the light of the synthetic PIV standard image as well as in particle images obtained from visualization experiments.
Arvind G. Kulkarni,Shashidhar Bangalore Kantharajanna,Abhilash N. Dhruv 대한척추외과학회 2018 Asian Spine Journal Vol.12 No.1
Study Design: Retrospective case series. Purpose: To compare minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MI-TLIF) outcomes in primary and revision surgeries. Overview of Literature: Revision spinal fusion is often associated with an increased risk of approach-related complications. Patients can potentially benefit from the decreased approach-related morbidity associated with MI-TLIF. Methods: Sixty consecutive MI-TLIF patients (20 failed back [Fa group], 40 primary [Pr group]) who underwent surgery between January 2011 and May 2012 were reviewed after Institutional Review Board approval to compare operative times, blood loss, complications, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores, and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores for back and leg pain before surgery and at the last follow-up. Results: Nineteen revision surgeries were compared with 36 primary surgeries. One failed back and four primary patients were excluded because of inadequate data. The mean follow-up times were 28 months and 24 months in the Pr and Fa groups, respectively. The mean pre- and postoperative ODI scores were 53.18 and 20.23 in the Pr group and 52.01 and 25.72 in the Fa group, respectively (ODI percentage change: Pr group, 60.36%±29.73%; Fa group, 69.32%±13.72%; p =0.304, not significant). The mean pre- and postoperative VAS scores for back pain were 4.77 and 1.75 in the Pr group and 4.1 and 2.0 in the Fa group, respectively, and the percentage changes were statistically significant (VAS back pain percentage change: Pr group, 48.78±30.91; Fa group, 69.32±13.72; p =0.027). The mean pre- and postoperative VAS scores for leg pain were 6.52 and 1.27 in the Pr group and 9.5 and 1.375 in the Fa group, respectively (VAS leg pain percentage change: Pr group, 81.07±29.39; Fa group, 75.72±15.26; p =0.538, not significant). There were no statistically significant differences in operative time and estimated blood loss and no complications. Conclusions: MI-TLIF outcomes were comparable between primary and revision surgeries. The inherent technique of MI-TLIF is particularly suitable for select failed backs because it exploits the intact paramedian corridor.