Risk of thyroid cancer in a lung cancer screening population of the National Lung Screening Trial according to the presence of incidental thyroid nodules detected on low-dose chest CT

Seo Hyobin,Jin Kwang Nam,Ji Sang Park,Kang Koung Mi,Eun Kyung Lee,이지예,Yoo Roh-Eul,박영주,김지훈 대한초음파의학회 2023 ULTRASONOGRAPHY Vol.42 No.2

Purpose: This study evaluated thyroid cancer risk in a lung cancer screening population according to the presence of an incidental thyroid nodule (ITN) detected on low-dose chest computed tomography (LDCT). Methods: Of 47,837 subjects who underwent LDCT, a lung cancer screening population according to the National Lung Screening Trial results was retrospectively enrolled. The prevalence of ITN on LDCT was calculated, and the ultrasonography (US)/fine-needle aspiration (FNA)–based risk of thyroid cancer according to the presence of ITN on LDCT was compared using the Fisher exact or Student t-test as appropriate. Results: Of the 2,329 subjects (female:male=44:2,285; mean age, 60.9±4.9 years), the prevalence of ITN on LDCT was 4.8% (111/2,329). The incidence of thyroid cancer was 0.8% (18/2,329, papillary thyroid microcarcinomas [PTMCs]) and was higher in the ITN-positive group than in the ITN-negative group (3.6% [4/111] vs. 0.6% [14/2,218], P=0.009). Among the 2,011 subjects who underwent both LDCT and thyroid US, all risks were higher (P<0.001) in the ITNpositive group than in the ITN-negative group: presence of thyroid nodule on US, 94.1% (95/101) vs. 48.6% (928/1,910); recommendation of FNA according to the American Thyroid Association guideline and Korean Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System guideline, 41.2% (42/101) vs. 2.4% (46/1,910) and 39.6% (40/101) vs. 1.9% (37/1,910), respectively. Conclusion: Despite a higher risk of thyroid cancer in the LDCT ITN-positive group than in the ITN-negative group in a lung cancer screening population, all cancers were PTMCs. A heavy smoking history may not necessitate thorough screening US for thyroid incidentalomas.

Diagnosis of acute appendicitis with sliding slab ray-sum interpretation of low-dose unenhanced CT and standard-dose i.v. contrast-enhanced CT scans.

Seo, Hyobin,Lee, Kyoung Ho,Kim, Hyuk Jung,Kim, Kyuseok,Kang, Sung-Bum,Kim, So Yeon,Kim, Young Hoon American Roentgen Ray Society, etc.] 2009 AJR Vol.193 No.1

<P>OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare low-dose unenhanced CT with standard-dose i.v. contrast-enhanced CT in the diagnosis of appendicitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred seven adults with suspected appendicitis underwent CT with mean effective doses of both 4.2 and 8.0 mSv. Two radiologists retrospectively reviewed thin-section images by sliding a 5-mm-thick ray-sum slab. They rated the likelihood of appendicitis and appendiceal visualization on 5- and 3-point scales, respectively, and proposed alternative diagnoses. Likelihood > or = 3 was considered a positive diagnosis. Receiver operating characteristics analysis, the McNemar test, and the Wilcoxon's signed-rank test were used. RESULTS: Seventy-eight patients had appendicitis. The values of the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve were 0.98 for the low-dose unenhanced acquisition and 0.97 for the standard-dose contrast-enhanced acquisition for reader 1 (95% CI for the difference, -0.02 to 0.03) and 0.99 and 0.98 (-0.02 to 0.02) for reader 2. Sensitivity was 98.7% for low-dose unenhanced CT and 100% for standard-dose contrast-enhanced CT for reader 1 (p = 1.00) and 100% for both techniques for reader 2. Specificity was 95.3% and 93.0% (p = 0.25) and 96.9% and 96.9%. The interpretation was indeterminate (score 3) in 0.5% and 1.4% of cases for reader 1 (p = 0.63) and 0.5% and 0% for reader 2 (p = 1.00). A normal appendix was not visualized in 5.4% and 3.9% of cases by reader 1 (p = 0.63) and 3.9% and 2.3% of cases by reader 2 (p = 0.50). None of the patients whose appendix was not visualized had appendicitis. Diagnostic confidence, visualization score for a normal appendix, and correct alternative diagnosis tended to be compromised with use of low-dose unenhanced CT, showing a significant difference for a reader's confidence in the diagnosis of appendicitis (p = 0.004). The two techniques were comparable in the diagnosis of appendiceal perforation. CONCLUSION: Low-dose unenhanced CT is potentially useful in the diagnosis of appendicitis.</P>

Effects of voluntary exercise on apoptosis and cortisol after chronic restraint stress in mice

( Hyobin Seo ),( Chun Hyung Park ),( Seokrip Choi ),( Woocheol Kim ),( Byung Duk Jeon ),( Seungpil Ryu ) 한국운동영양학회 2016 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.20 No.3

[Purpose] To determine whether voluntary exercise (wheel running) has the potential of relieving stress. [Methods] In this study, restraint stress with or without voluntary wheel running was performed for mice housed in individual cages. A total of 21 ICR male mice were assigned into control (CON), restraint stress with voluntary exercise (RSVE), or restraint stress (RS) without voluntary exercise groups (n = 7 each). [Results] No significant difference in body weight increase was found among the three groups, although CON and RS groups had a tendency of having smaller body weight increase compared to the RSVE group. No significant difference in the expression level of liver heat shock protein 70, Bcl-2, or p53 was found among the three groups. However, caspase-3 protein level in RS group was significantly higher than that in the other two groups. Blood cortisol concentration in RS was higher (p < 0.05) than that in RSVE or CON group. It was the lowest (p < 0.05) in the RSVE group. [Conclusion] Our findings suggest that apoptosis caused by chronic restraint stress might be suppressed by voluntary exercise in mice.

산양삼 첨가 고지방식이가 골격근의 항세포사멸에 대한 작용 연구

서효빈 ( Hyobin Seo ),김판기 ( Pan Gi Kim ),류승필 ( Sungpil Ryu ) 한국산림과학회 2015 한국산림과학회지 Vol.104 No.3

The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-apoptosis-related protein expression in skeletal muscle of rats with different amount of mountain ginseng (MG) added high-fat diet fed. Twenty-four Sprague Dawley male rats were divided into the high-fat diet control group (CON), 0.5% of MG added diet group (MG1), and 1.0% of MG added diet group (MG2) with eight rats each. The P53, anti-apoptotic protein, was significantly lower in MG2 than CON and MG1. The bcl-2 and bcl-xl, however, were not significantly different from MG1 but from CON. The caspase-9 and -3, were significantly lower in MG groups than CON. In addition, it was dramatically lower in MG2. These results suggested that MG addition to the high-fat diet suppressed p53 protein expression and enhanced anti-apoptototic protein expression. MG may be a positive effects on health as a medicinal plant.

지구성 운동전 감식초 섭취시 에너지기질의 이용

서효빈 ( Hyobin Seo ),남주옥 ( Ju Ock Nam ),전병덕 ( Byung Duk Jeon ),김판기 ( Pan Gi Kim ),유승필 ( Sungpil Ryu ) 한국산림과학회 2012 한국산림과학회지 Vol.101 No.4

The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of persimmon vinegar as a functional beverage by analyzing the effects of persimmon vinegar ingestion on the energy substrate during endurance exercise. The healthy male adolescents (n=8) drunk persimmon vinegar ingested trial (PSV) or purified water ingested trial as the control trial (CON) 1 h prior to the exercise with the 60% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO_₂max) for 1 h. The exercise intensity was increased to the 80% of VO₂_max and remained until exhaustion. And the physiological variables blood components and amounts of energy oxidation were analyzed. There was no significant difference between trials in physiological variables and the heart rates after exhaustion were higher in PSV compared to CON. There was no significant difference between trials in blood glucose level while the blood lactic acids decreased significantly in PSV 30 and 60 minutes after onset of exercise. The free fatty acids concentration increased significantly in PSV from 15 minutes to 60 minutes after onset of exercise. The carbohydrate oxidation decreased significantly in PSV from 45 minutes after exercise and on the contrary the fatty acids oxidation increased significantly for the same period. And fatty acids oxidation was higher in PSV compared to C|ON even after exhaustion. The respiratory exchange ratio was lower significantly in PSV compared to CON from 30 minutes to 60 minutes after exercise whereas lower in CON after total exhaustion. The exercise time to exhaustion was 41% longer in PSV compared to CON. These results showed that the persimmon vinegar increase the level of lipids metabolism and decrease sense of fatigue by inhibiting carbohydrate oxidation during moderate intensity exercise suggesting the possibility of using of persimmon vinegar as exercise functional beverage when ingested 1 h prior to the endurance exercise performance.

솔잎 분말 첨가 섭취와 수영훈련이 에너지 대사 기질에 미치는 영향

서효빈(Hyobin Seo),구본문(Bon-Moon Koo),최석립(Seokrip Choi),김우철(Woocheol Kim),류승필(Sungpil Ryu) 한국생활환경학회 2015 한국생활환경학회지 Vol.22 No.2

The purpose of this study is to observe the effects of pine needles powder intake and athletic training on the energy metabolic substrates. To achieve this purpose, 42 Sprague-Dawley male rats were selected to feed pine needles powder and swimming exercise for 5 weeks. There was no significant difference in the weight increase rate while intaking pine needles powder and exercising at the same time. Compared to the swimming exercise group, high cholesterol diet group and high cholesterol diet+swimming exercise group, the pine needles powder intaking group and pine needles powder intake+swimming exercise group suppressed AMPK expression, significantly. Thus, for the result of GLUT-2 and GLUT-4 which are the glucose transporter of liver and skeletal muscle, the pine needles powder intaking group and pine needles powder intake+swimming exercise group showed significantly higher expression. For the glycogen content of liver and muscle, the pine needles powder intaking group and pine needles powder intake+swimming exercise group increased significantly. Therefore, the findings of this study would be used as the basal data of exercise nutrient supplements as the pine needles powder intake gives positive effect on the energy storage capacity.

Counterfactual vs. Prefactual: Two narrative AIs improve causability for health data by different mechanisms

Hyobin Park,Kyoungwon Seo 한국HCI학회 2023 한국HCI학회 학술대회 Vol.2023 No.2

Narrative artificial intelligence (AI), which adds narrative persuasion to simple causal interpretation, is an explainable AI technique that helps patients understand their health data (e.g., MRI results). Narrative AI is expected to improve causability for health data and thereby induce meaningful behavioral change. However, research on which type of narrative AI (i.e., counterfactual or prefactual) better improves causability for complex health data is still elusive. This study created two different types of narrative AI for MRI reports (i.e., counterfactual and prefactual) and compared their impact on causability with 20 participants. System causability scale results showed that both narrative AI provided a high level of causability. Semi-structured interview results showed that the two narrative AIs improve causability by different mechanisms. While counterfactual made participants focus on self-reflection, prefactual made participants seek self-improvement to prepare for the future. Our findings showed that the two types of narrative AI (i.e., counterfactual and prefactual) improve causability by different mechanisms. By understanding these different underlying mechanisms, we expect to be able to design and deliver more personalized narrative AI to users.

Automatic Multi-drone Path Planning using Network Flow Algorithms

Youngsun Seo(서영선),Hyobin Lee(이효빈),Hyeon-Suk Na(나현숙) 제어로봇시스템학회 2019 제어·로봇·시스템학회 논문지 Vol.25 No.4

The aerial show of 1,218 drones in the Pyeongchang Winter Olympics was realized by animators drawing up the show with 3D design software in advance and by a central computer determining and assigning onsite which drone will play the role of which pixel in the animation. Manual creation of an animation in which a thousand drones move in harmony without collision is an expensive and difficult task. Thus, we propose a drone simulator to automate this process: given initial and final images, the system samples a given number of initial and final locations of drones, computes collision-free drone paths automatically (each starting from an initial location and arriving at a final location), and visualizes the results as a video. The set of drone paths is optimal in terms of the last arrival time, which is a desirable feature for drone paths. We propose two methods of computing the paths: a two-phase algorithm with a collision-removal modification and a single-phase algorithm for cost optimization. The former obtains paths by running a maximum flow algorithm and modifies them to be collision-free. On the other hand, the latter computes collision-free paths directly by running a minimum cost maximum flow algorithm with a carefully designed cost assignment. Both sets of output paths have a minimum last arrival time. The single-phase method needs more time than the two-phase method but gives much better values of stretch factor (the ratio of path length to the Euclidean distance between the initial and final locations). This trade-off between computation time and stretch factor is revealed empirically in the performance comparison of the two methods.

네트워크 유량 알고리즘을 이용한 다중 드론 경로 계획

서영선(Youngsun Seo),이효빈(Hyobin Lee),나현숙(Hyeon-Suk Na) 한국정보과학회 2018 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2018 No.12

The complete mitochondrial genome of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda Smith, 1797 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) collected in Korea

Bo Yoon Seo,Gwan-Seok Lee,Hyobin Lee,Wonhoon Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2019 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2019 No.10