Identification of p54(nrb) and the 14-3-3 Protein HS1 as TNF-α-Inducible Genes Related to Cell Cycle Control and Apoptosis in Human Arterial Endothelial Cells

Sebastian Stier,Gudrun Totzke,Elisabeth Grunewald,Thomas Neuhaus,Stefan Fronhoffs,Silke Schoneborn,Hans Vetter,Yon Ko 한국생활환경학회 2005 BMB Reports Vol.38 No.4

Segmenting Satellite Supporters Based on Their Value for Team Sport Organizations

Sebastian Uhrich,Anton Behrens,Tae-Ahn Kang,Hirotaka Matsuoka,Kim Uhlendorf 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2023 Journal of Global Sport Management Vol.8 No.1

An increasing number of team sport consumers around the globe follow foreign leagues, teams or athletes. These so-called satellite supporters may be loosely interested individuals or avid fans, they engage in diverse activities, and they have varying consump- tion behaviors. However, the extant research does not offer sys- tematic classifications of the different subgroups of satellite supporters, preventing team sport organizations from making effi- cient allocations of marketing resources in foreign markets. This research addresses this gap by providing a segmentation of satel- lite supporters that is based on the value that these supporters generate for team sport organizations. The segmentation consid- ers dimensions of value that are both financial (i.e. transactional value) and non-financial (i.e. influencer value and relationship value). Based on data from a large-scale survey (N 1⁄4 2,710) in four key international target markets (China, Japan, Germany, and the UK), a two-step cluster analysis identified three segments: High Value Satellite Fans, Mid Value Satellite Supporters, and Low Value Satellite Casuals. We discuss these segments as well as the managerial and theoretical implications of the study.

Crossing the Frontier-The Impact of Mediterranean Cultures North of the Alps from the Seventh to the Fifth Century BC

( Sebastian Muller ) 부산외국어대학교 지중해연구소 2016 The Mediterranean Review Vol.9 No.1

Defining the Mediterranean as a coherent area, while looking beyond its natural features has been a challenge for a long time. An approach suggested by N. Purcell focuses on connectivity as the salient feature with which to define the frontiers of the Mediterranean. In order to achieve this aim, it is necessary to understand the course and character of the connections between the Mediterranean and its adjacent regions. The present article deals with a small section of a Mediterranean frontier, namely the region north of the Alps, between the seventh and fifth century BC. This area was occupied by the so-called Hallstatt culture, which consisted of several regional groups. By comparing the impact of Mediterranean elements in the western and eastern sphere of the Hallstatt culture it becomes apparent that measuring connectivity for pre- and protohistoric periods in which the Mediterranean networks were supposedly less complex is already a complicated task.

Is Sacral Extension a Risk Factor for Early Proximal Junctional Kyphosis in Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery?

Sebastian Decker,Renaud Lafage,Christian Krettek,Robert Hart,Christopher Ames,Justin S. Smith,Douglas Burton,Eric Klineberg,Shay Bess,Frank J. Schwab,Virginie Lafage,International Spine Study Group 대한척추외과학회 2020 Asian Spine Journal Vol.14 No.2

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Purpose: To investigate the role of sacral extension (SE) for the development of proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) in adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery. Overview of Literature: The development of PJK is multifactorial and different risk factors have been identified. Of these, there is some evidence that SE also affects the development of PJK, but data are insufficient. Methods: Using a combined database comprising two propensity-matched groups of fusions following ASD surgery, one with fixation to S1 or S1 and the ilium (SE) and one without SE but with a lower instrumented vertebra of L5 or higher (lumbar fixation, LF), PJK and the role of further parameters were analyzed. The propensity-matched variables included age, the upper-most instrumented vertebra (UIV), preoperative sagittal alignment, and the baseline to 1 year change of the sagittal alignment. Results: Propensity matching led to two groups of 89 patients each. The UIV, pelvic incidence minus lumbar lordosis, sagittal vertical axis, pelvic tilt, age, and body mass index were similar in both groups (p>0.05). The incidence of PJK at postoperative 1 year was similar for SE (30.3%) and LF (22.5%) groups (p=0.207). The PJK angle was comparable (p=0.963) with a change of −8.2° (SE) and −8.3° (LF) from the preoperative measures (p=0.954). A higher rate of PJK after SE (p=0.026) was found only in the subgroup of patients with UIV levels between T9 and T12. Conclusions: Instrumentation to the sacrum with or without iliac extension did not increase the overall risk of PJK. However, an increased risk for PJK was found after SE with UIV levels between T9 and T12.

Speckle tracking ultrasonography as a new tool to assess diaphragmatic function: a feasibility study

Sebastian Johannes Fritsch,Nima Hatam,Andreas Goetzenich,Gernot Marx,Rüdiger Autschbach,Leo Heunks,Johannes Bickenbach,Christian Simon Bruells 대한초음파의학회 2022 ULTRASONOGRAPHY Vol.41 No.2

A reliable method of measuring diaphragmatic function at the bedside is still lacking. Widely used two-dimensional (2D) ultrasonographic measurements, such as diaphragm excursion, diaphragm thickness, and fractional thickening (FT) have failed to show clear correlations with diaphragmatic function. A reason for this is that 2D ultrasonographic measurements, like FT, are merely able to measure the deformation of muscular diaphragmatic tissue in the transverse direction, while longitudinal measurements in the direction of contracting muscle fibres are not possible. Speckle tracking ultrasonography, which is widely used in cardiac imaging, overcomes this disadvantage and allows observations of movement in the direction of the contracting muscle fibres, approximating muscle deformation and the deformation velocity. Several studies have evaluated speckle tracking as a promising method to assess diaphragm contractility in healthy subjects. This technical note demonstrates the feasibility of speckle tracking ultrasonography of the diaphragm in a group of 20 patients after an aortocoronary bypass graft procedure. The results presented herein suggest that speckle tracking ultrasonography is able to depict alterations in diaphragmatic function after surgery better than 2D ultrasonographic measurements.

Another Mega-Regional Trade Bloc under Construction? The Case of the European Union (EU) - Japan Free Trade Agreement (FTA)

( Sebastian Bobowski ) 한국EU학회 2017 Asia-Pacific Journal of EU Studies Vol.15 No.2

The aim of the paper is to study the implications of the EU - Japan FTA, accounting for 28.36 percent of the global GDP and 34.72 percent of the global exports. Japan is the EU’s second largest trade partner from Asia, while the EU is the largest investor in Japan. Both for the EU and Japan the proposed FTA is an opportunity to set multilateral rules of trade in the 21st century and challenge hegemonic ambitions of the United States and China at both regional and global levels. The paper addresses the concept of mega-regionalism in trade, delivers a comprehensive study of bilateral trade relations between the EU and Japan, the genesis of the proposed FTA and important stages in trade talks, as well as implications of the agreement.

화산재에 의한 사회적 피해 분석

( Sebastian Paul Benavides-vargas ),이승수 ( Sungsu Lee ),최성조 ( Songjo Choi ),김유정 ( Yoo Jung Kim ) 충북대학교 건설기술연구소 2022 충북대학교 건설기술연구소 논문집 Vol.41 No.2

2010년 아이슬란드 에이야프얄라요쿨 화산과 1991년 필리핀 피나투보 등의 화산 폭발로 화산 폭발의 직·간접적인 영향에 대해 이해하려는 관심이 높아졌다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 화산 폭발로 인한 국지적(지역적) 영향을 이해하기 위하여, 특히 피해 조사와 분석을 통해 화산재 분출에 대한 사회적 영향을 분석하였다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 스미스소니언 연구소의 세계 화산 활동 프로그램의 데이터 수집, 뉴스, 다양한 조직의 보고서를 고려하여 화산재를 포함하는 화산 폭발의 빈도와 영향에 대한 총체적인 분석을 수행하였다. 그 결과 항공 분야의 피해와 농업 분야의 피해가 가장 큰 것으로 조사되어 이에 대한 대비가 필요할 것으로 판단되었다. Volcanic eruptions are common and frequent events in disaster consideration. And several cases like the Mt. Eyjafjallajokull in 2010 and Mt. Pinatubo in 1991 have increased the interest to understand more direct and indirect impacts from volcanic eruptions. Another important consideration is the dependence on external reports made from monitoring institutions all over the glove. Furthermore, the social impact analysis is vital to understand the local repercussions from volcanic emissions. With these considerations, the purpose of this investigation is to combine the robust data collection of the Global Volcanism Program of Smithsonian Institution with a more detailed research including news and different reports from organizations to have a holistic analysis of the frequency and impacts of volcanic eruptions containing ash as part of the emissions.

The Limitations of Tax Law Interpretation in Germany

Sebastian Mueller-Franken 한국국제조세협회 2014 조세학술논집 Vol.30 No.2

Tax laws are interpreted with the same methods as other laws. The general canon of interpreting methods so applies. The most important and substantial principle of taxation in Germany is the ability to pay principle; it has to be regarded by the interpreter. In the case of a difference between the interpretation of the wording and the interpretation of the purpose in Germany the answer as to which interpretation of tax law is more important is differentiated. If the wording and the purpose of a law differ from one another, the purpose of the law takes priority, if it is somehow compatible with the wording. If the wording and the purpose are incompatible with each other the question whether there exists an “interpretation against the wording” arises. The Federal Finance Court considers this possible. But this is rather a question of the judicial development of the law?and then according to its own requirements and limits. An interpretation of a statute in a way that is contrary to its wording is basically prohibited. But this assertion is only the policy. The Federal Finance Court holds that as an exception the interpreter may interpret a statute against its wording if the exact interpretation of the wording is contrary to the sense intended or if otherwise accepted ways of interpretation require it. Outer limitations accordingly are those limitations which derive from outside the body of the law. Under this aspect the interpretation also finds its limit in higher ranked law: the interpretation for the Member States of the European Union like Germany ends with the provisions of the Union Law. The limit of the interpretation of tax law can also be found in the public international law. Finaly the interpretation of tax law finds - like the interpretation of every other law too?its limits first and foremost in the constitution. If the interpretation of a tax law leads to a result that contradicts the constitution it is no allowed to take this result as a basis. The law applicant must choose an interpretation that is in accordance with the constitution instead.

The Limitations of Tax Law Interpretation in Germany

Sebastian Müller-Franken 한국국제조세협회 2014 조세학술논집 Vol.30 No.2

Tax laws are interpreted with the same methods as other laws. The general canon of interpreting methods so applies. The most important and substantial principle of taxation in Germany is the ability to pay principle; it has to be regarded by the interpreter. In the case of a difference between the interpretation of the wording and the interpretation of the purpose in Germany the answer as to which interpretation of tax law is more important is differentiated. If the wording and the purpose of a law differ from one another, the purpose of the law takes priority, if it is somehow compatible with the wording. If the wording and the purpose are incompatible with each other the question whether there exists an “interpretation against the wording” arises. The Federal Finance Court considers this possible. But this is rather a question of the judicial development of the law–and then according to its own requirements and limits. An interpretation of a statute in a way that is contrary to its wording is basically prohibited. But this assertion is only the policy. The Federal Finance Court holds that as an exception the interpreter may interpret a statute against its wording if the exact interpretation of the wording is contrary to the sense intended or if otherwise accepted ways of interpretation require it. Outer limitations accordingly are those limitations which derive from outside the body of the law. Under this aspect the interpretation also finds its limit in higher ranked law: the interpretation for the Member States of the European Union like Germany ends with the provisions of the Union Law. The limit of the interpretation of tax law can also be found in the public international law. Finaly the interpretation of tax law finds – like the interpretation of every other law too–its limits first and foremost in the constitution. If the interpretation of a tax law leads to a result that contradicts the constitution it is not allowed to take this result as a basis. The law applicant must choose an interpretation that is in accordance with the constitution instead.

Revisiting the Archaic Chamber Tombs of Morgantina, Sicily

Sebastian Muller(세바스티안 뮐러) 효원사학회 2016 역사와 세계 Vol.- No.49

본고는 동쪽 시칠리아의 중심에 위치한 고대 도시 모르간티움의 고대 석실분(기원전 600년-450년)을 다룬다. 이는 그리스 식민지 시대에 여러 지역 사회와 그리스 간의 만남과 교류를 이해하는데 있어서 중요한 유적지다. 카타니아 평야의 동쪽 국경의 산 능선에 위치한 이 도시는 그리스의 건축학적인 특성, 도기 및 매장 관습과 같은 그리스의 문화적 특성에 의하여 점점 더 많은 영향을 받는 과정에 있었다. 본고를 통하여 그리스인들이 시칠리아의 고대도시에 거주하고 있었다는 것과 또 어떻게 원주민들에게 그리스의 문화적 요소들의 동화가 가능했는가에 관한 의문에 대한 답을 하고자 한다. 물론 민족성이라는 것을 매장관습 맥락에서 파악하는 것이 어려운 것이 사실이지만 실제로 이 고대 마을에서 그리스인들의 존재에 대한 단서들이 발견된다. 그러므로 본고에서는 여러 가지로 제기되는 발굴된 단서들의 다른 용도들 이외에, 일상생활 그리고 특히 장례식에서 그리스 물건의 사용이 모르간티움 원주민의 정체성이 변환되는 과정에 기여했다는 것을 ‘문화적 기억’과 ‘사물의 행위’ 개념을 통하여 설명하고자 한다. The present article deals with the Archaic chamber tombs (ca. 600-450 BC) of the ancient city of Morgantina in central east Sicily which is an important location for understanding the encounter and interchange of Greek and local communities at the time of the Greek colonization. The city, located on a mountain ridge at the eastern border of the plain of Catania, became increasingly affected by Greek culture, represented in architectural features, Greek pottery, and burial customs, in course of the Archaic period. The article aims to answer the questions whether Greek people were residing at the Archaic town, and how the process of the apparent acculturation of Greek cultural elements by the local population possibly worked. Although ethnicity is extremely hard to grasp in the burial context there are indeed hints for the presence of Greek people at the Archaic town. It is argued, by drawing on the concepts of "cultural memory" and the "agency of things", that besides others the usage of Greek items in daily life and particularly in the funerary rituals contributed to a process of identity transition of the local population.