산업디자인 지적재산권 출원의 정량적 판단 기준을 위한 디자인 선행조사 방안에 관한 연구

곽상수 ( Sang Soo¸ Kwak ) 한국지식재산연구원 2009 지식재산연구 Vol.4 No.2

최근 기업체들은 자체 디자인 개발 및 제품의 가치향상을 위해 디자인에 역점을 두고 있다. 이러한 추세에 따라 히트상품에 대한 우수한 디자인의 권리를 선점하고자 디자인 출원이 증대되고 있는 실정이다. 그러나 기업체의 디자인에 대한 관심과 디자인 출원에 비해, 실제적으로 디자인권 권리범위에 대해서 검증할 만한 지적재산권 자료와 시스템을 갖추지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 이러한 상황은 대기업도 예외가 아니다. 우리나라 디자인권에 대한 자료는 현재 한국특허정보원에서 운영하는 KIPRIS(www.kipris.or.kr)에서 국내정보를 수집하고, 해외자료는 기업체마다 별도의 외국기업 및 인터넷을 통해 의존하고 있는 실정이다. 또한 요즘은 시대의 변화에 따라 디자인 출원인들이 디자인권 하나만 보호를 받으려고 하는 것이 아니라, 폭넓은 권리를 주장하기 위하여 같은 창작내용을 최대한 활용 및 모디파이하여 실용신안, 디자인, 도형상표, 저작권 등 여러 가지의 권리를 동시에 권리화하는 경향을 보이고 있다. 이러한 추세는 앞으로 계속 이어질 것이다. 이에 본 연구는 기업체의 디자이너들이 디자인 개발에 필요한 정보수집과 지적재산권에 대한 권리화에 필요한 자료를 수집하고 이를 활용하는 방안에 있어서, 정부 및 공공기관이 구축해 놓은 시스템에 관한 디자인정보나 일반 디자인 DB정보의 소개를 통해 디자인권 등록을 할 때 원하는 자료와 서비스를 쉽고 정확하게 이용하는 방법을 소개하고 지적재산권 디자인 DB의 활성화 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 또한 지적재산권 디자인 DB와 일반 디자인 DB에 대한 디자인정보를 수집하는 방법을 분석하였고, 디자인정보를 바탕으로 각국의 기업체 및 공공기관에서 디자인 대민서비스 제공에 대해 분석하였다. 이를 바탕으로 기업체는 제품개발 전에 디자인정보를 바탕으로 디자인 출원 동향분석, 기본·디자인 분석, 디자인권 분쟁 분석, 최근 디자인권 분쟁 이슈, 최신인터넷 공지 디자인 분석 등 디자인 시스템을 통해 제공되는 콘텐츠를 충분히 활용하여 지적산권 확보 및 분쟁을 미연에 방지하고자 그 목적을 두고자 한다. 본 연구는 산업디자인 지적재산권 출원의 정량적 판단 기준을 위한 디자인 선행조사방안에 관한 연구를 위해 먼저 산업디자인과 지적재산권과의 관계를 이해하고, 지적재산권 디자인 DB와 일반 디자인 DB의 온라인서비스 현황을 분석하였다. 또한 지적재산권 디자인 DB에 대한 일본을 비롯한 국내외 온라인서비스 현황 분석 및 대민서비스의 서비스 상품분석을 통해 디자인정보 활용방법에 대하여 연구하였다. 이를 토대로 디자인정보 활용의 최적화를 위한 디자인 선행조사 방안을 제안하고 실제 제품에 대한적용 사례를 선보여 산업디자인 지적재산권 출원의 정량적 판단 기준을 위한 디자인 선행조사 방안에 관해 새로운 방법론을 제안했다. The purpose of this study is to suggest the way to activate design database of intellectual property rights to help a designer at a company collect information for design development and intellectual property rights. This study presents the method of using data and services easily and accurately when design rights are registered through introducing the design information of systems built by governments or public organizations, or general design database information. This study also compares industrial design with intellectual property rights, and analyzes the method of collecting design information in the design database of intellectual property rights and general design database. Moreover on demand service and on-line service at a company or a public organization of each country including Japan and other major countries is analyzed on the basis of the design information. Therefore, this study suggests the method of design prior search to maximize the use of design information practically and presents the utilized examples.

Development of Transgenic Tall Fescue ( Festuca arundinacea) plants with Enhanced Tolerance to Environmental stress

Sang-Hoon Lee,Dong-Gi Lee,Do-Hyun Kim,Sang-Soo Kwak,Seok-Yoon Kwon,Byung-Hyun Lee 한국생명과학회 2005 한국생명과학회 심포지움 Vol.44 No.-

CASE REPORT : Pulmonary Foreign Body Granulomatosis in Dental Technician

( Sung Jun Chung ),( Gun Woo Koo ),( Dong Won Park ),( Hyun Jung Kwak ),( Ji Young Yhi ),( Ji Yong Moon ),( Sang Heon Kim ),( Jang Won Sohn ),( Ho Joo Yoon ),( Dong Ho Shin ),( Sung Soo Park ),( Ju Ye 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2015 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.78 No.4

Occupational lung diseases are caused by several toxic substances including heavy metals; however, the exact pathologic mechanisms remain unknown. In the workplace, dental technicians are often exposed to heavy metals such as cobalt, nickel, or beryllium and occasionally develop occupational lung diseases. We described a case of occupational lung disease in a patient who was employed as a dental technician for over a decade. A 31-year-old, non-smoking woman presented with productive cough and shortness of breath of several weeks duration. Chest computed tomography revealed a large number of scattered, bilateral small pulmonary nodules throughout the lung field, and multiple mediastinal lymph nodes enlargement. Percutaneous needle biopsy showed multifocal small granulomas with foreign body type giant cells suggestive of heavy metals inhalation. The patient’s condition improved on simple avoidance strategy for several months. This case highlighted the importance of proper workplace safety.

Environmental Stress Tolerance and Field Performance of Transgenic Tall Fescue Overexpressing NDPK2 Gene

Sang-Hoon Lee,Ki-Won Lee,Ki-Yong Kim,Sang-Soo Kwak,Byung-Hyun Lee 한국초지조사료학회 2009 한국초지조사료학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.08

Environmental stress is a growing problem for the productivity of forage crops. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation due to several abiotic stresses is a fundamental process that interrupts several physiological processes and causes a significant reduction on growth and yield of many forage crops. Molecular breeding such as genetic transformation has become a popular biotechnological tool for improving forage quality as well as improves tolerance to various abiotic stresses. As a first step of genetic transformation in tall fescue, we established an efficient Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation protocol using mature seed-derived embryogenic callus. After optimization of the transformation system, several genes of interest have been used to generate abiotic stress tolerant forage grasses. We generated transgenic tall fescue plants expressing NDPK genes under the control of the oxidative stress-inducible SWPA2 promoter. Transgenic plants showed enhanced tolerance to several abiotic stresses. Results in the current study, suggest that NDPK mediated multiple stress tolerance by increasing the expression of genes involved in antioxidant and protective functions, possibly through activation of an MAPK cascade.

The efficacy of levonorgestrel releasing intrauterine system as a postoperative maintenance therapy of endometriosis, a meta-analysis

( Soo Youn Song ),( Ki Hwan Lee ),( Ha Kyun Chang ),( Sang Mi Kwak ),( Heon Jong Yoo ) 대한산부인과학회 2018 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.104 No.-

Objective: To compare the efficacy of levonorgestrel releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) with other treatments as a postoperative maintenance therapy of endometriosis in terms of pain reduction, recurrence prevention, side effects and patients satisfaction. Methods: We searched Pubmed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane library in April 2018. Two evaluators independently extracted and reviewed prospective and retrospective articles based on pre-determined selection criteria. Outcomes were expressed as standardized mean difference (SMD) or risk ratios (RR) in a meta-analysis model, using Revman software. Results: Among 962 studies, seven studies including 4 randomized controlled trials with 212 patients, 1 prospective cohort study with 88 patients, and 2 retrospective studies with 191 patients were selected. A meta-analysis showed that LNG-IUS was significantly effective in reducing pain after surgery (SMD=0.64, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.410.87), with comparable effect to oral contraceptives (OC) (SMD=-0.41, 95% CI: -0.820.00) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues (SMD=-0.05, 95% CI: -0.670.57). LNG-IUS was also effective in decreasing the recurrence rate (RR=0.40, 95% CI: 0.260.64), and the effect was comparable to OC (RR=1.08, 95% CI: 0.50, 2.35) and danazol (RR=0.30, 95% CI: 0.032.81). Furthermore, patients satisfaction with LNG-IUS was significantly higher than OC (RR=1.17, 95% CI: 1.031.34). However, vaginal bleeding was significantly higher in LNG-IUS group compared to gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue group (RR=27.0, 95% CI: 1.71425.36). Conclusion: Our meta-analysis found a positive effect of LNG-IUS as a postoperative maintenance therapy of endometriosis on pain relief, prevention of dysmenorrhea recurrence and patients satisfaction.

Regulation of Pipernonaline on Biological Functions of Human Prostate Cancer Cells Based on Microarray Analysis

Sang-Hun Kim(김상현),Kwang-Youn Kim(김광연),Sun-Nyoung Yu(유선녕),Seul-Ki Park(박슬기),In-Seok Kwak(곽인석),Moon-Soo Rhee(이문수),Byung-Ho Bang(방병호),Sung-Sik Chun(전성식),Soon-Cheol Ahn(안순철) 한국생명과학회 2012 생명과학회지 Vol.22 No.11

Pipernonaline은 후추나무과에 속하는 필발(Piper longum Linn.)의 유도체로서 전립선 암세포에 대한 항암활성이 보고되고 있다. 하지만 실제 암세포 내에서 생물학적 정보를 가진 수 많은 유전자들에 대한 발현이 어떻게 이루어지고 있는지 알려진 바가 없다. 본 연구에 사용된 microarray 분석은 동시에 수 만개 이상의 유전자 발현양상을 한번에 관찰할 수 있는 기술로서 특정 질병의 유전학적 특성과 기전 연구를 더 광범위하게 연구 할 수 있는 기술이다. 본 연구에서는 전립선 암세포인 PC-3 세포에 pipernonaline을 처리하여 cDNA microarray를 실시하였다. 이후, DAVID database를 이용하여 gene ontology의 Biological Process를 분석하여 세포사멸과 세포주기, 세포성장 및 증식에 관련된 유전자들을 우선적으로 분석하였다. 그 결과, 세포주기관련 256개, 세포사멸관련 197개, 세포성장 및 증식관련에 154개의 유전자가 확인 되었다. 이러한 결과는 pipernonaline은 전립선 암세포 내에 존재하는 생물학적 신호전달체계에 관련된 유전자 발현을 조절함으로써 항암활성을 나타내 것을 알 수 있었고, 이후 이러한 microarray의 추가적인 분석은 암세포 내 새로운 유전자의 탐색 및 메커니즘을 규명하는데 유용하게 사용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. It has been reported that pipernonaline isolated from Piper longum Linn. has a wide biochemical and pharmacological effect, including antitumor activity in prostate cancer PC-3 cells. However, its mechanism and expression pattern of many genes involved in biological functions are not clearly understood. To perform the gene expression study in PC-3 cells treated with pipernonaline, a cDNA microarray chip composed of 44,000 human cDNA probes was used. As a result, cell cycle-related genes, apoptosis-related genes, and cell proliferation/growth-related genes have been identified in gene ontology of the DAVID database. These results suggest that pipernonaline has antitumor activity by regulating the expression pattern of genes involved in biological signaling pathway in prostate cancer PC-3 cells. Further, additional analysis of these microarray data can be a useful tool to identify the mechanism and discovery of novel genes in cancer therapy.

Adult xanthogranuloma: A clinical, pathological, and immunohistochemical study of 19 Korean cases

( Sang-woo Park ),( Eui-sung Jung ),( Hyun-bin Kwak ),( Soo-kyung Park ),( Kyung-hwa Nam ),( Jin Park ),( Seok-kweon Yun ),( Han-uk Kim ) 대한피부과학회 2018 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.70 No.2

Background: Juvenile xanthogranuloma is a benign, self-limited disorder that usually occurs in infants and young children. However, it is rare in adults and there is a lack of study on adult xanthogranuloma. Objectives: To investigate the clinical, pathological, and immunohistochemical characteristics of adult xanthogranuloma. Methods: This study included 20 lesions from 19 patients with adult xanthogranuloma. Results: There was a male predilection (M:F=1.4:1), and mean age was 35.1±16.3 years (range 15~66 years), with the peak in the twenties. 65.0% of the lesions developed on the head and neck. The nodular form was more common than the papular form. Histological examination in 5 lesions (25.0%) revealed dense monomorphic histiocytic infiltration without lipidization and scattered eosinophils. There was also absence of multinuclear giant cells. 10 lesions (50.0%) had foamy histiocytic infiltration with variations of fully developed Touton giant cells. 3 lesions (15.0%) showed fibrohistiocytic proliferation. Histiocytes, including giant cells, were generally positive for FXIIIa (90.9%), vimentin (100%) and CD68 (100%). The CD1a, SMA and S-100 protein reactions were all negative. Tumor excision was the treatment for choice. Conclusion: This retrospective study has a small sample size and is limited to a single center, but we expect the results of this study to contribute to better understanding adult xanthogranuloma.

A case of cactus spine injury in a Korean woman

( Sang-woo Park ),( Eui-sung Jung ),( Hyun-bin Kwak ),( Soo-kyung Park ),( Jin Park ),( Han-uk Kim ),( Seok-kweon Yun ) 대한피부과학회 2018 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.70 No.1

The cactus spines can easily puncture the skin with only minor pressure. Lodged cactus spines can cause pain due to mechanical irritation, be a source of infection, and result in foreign body granulomas. Only one case with cactus spine injury has been reported in Korea to date. We report this case for educational purposes because there is few report regarding cactus spine injury in Korea. A 17-year-old Korean girl presented for evaluation of multiple purple colored macules and papules on the left cheek and left first finger. Two months earlier, while on voluntary service in Haiti, she accidentally got hurt by cactus. She immediately went to the emergency room and removed the spine with tweezer. In the next 3 weeks, she developed painful lesions at the sites of penetration. An ultrasound was performed on the lesions and wedge shaped echogenic material suspected as cactus spine and granuloma formation were observed. Surgical removal with biopsy was recommended, but rejected by the patient and her mother. We administered conservative treatments with oral analgesics, anti-biotics, and anti-inflammatory drugs. After the conservative treatments, the patients symptoms have been improving gradually for over 6 months.

Effect of Temperature on Persistence of Recombinant Plasmid pCU103 in Different Waters

Kwak, Myong-Ja,Kim, Chi-Kyung,Kim, Young-Chang,Lim, Jai-Yun,Kim, Young-Soo,Lee, Ki-Sung,Min, Kyung-Hee The Microbiological Society of Korea 1995 The journal of microbiology Vol.33 No.3

The recombinant plasmid of pCU103 constructed by cloning pcbCD genes in pBluescript SK(+) was studied for the effect of temperature on its persistence in different waters by the methods of electrophoresis, Southern hybridization, quantification, and transformation. The plasmid was very rapidly degraded out in non-sterile FW water without regards to water temperature, probably due to the effect of biochemical factor such as nucleases. The pCU103 was most persistent at 4$^{\circ}C$ in any water environments, moderately persistant at 15$^{\circ}C$ but least stable at 3$0^{\circ}C$ such results could be explained by the facts that hydrogen bonds in double-stranded plasmid DNAs become unstable and that nucleases are activated by increasing temperature. The intact structure of pCU1-3 was generally observed by gel electrophoresis under the conditions which the plasmid should be 2.0 ng/$\mu\textrm{l}$ or higher in concentration and that about 10$^2$ CFU/ml or more transformant cells should be recovered.

Movement Patterns of Chironomus rifarius in Response to Treatments of Diazinon (0.001 mg/L)

Kwak Inn-Sil,Woo Chang-Woo,Lee Sang-Gul,Chon Tae-Soo 한국응용곤충학회 2002 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2002 No.1