A Study of the Yang-gyeong-gyu-il-ui (兩景揆日儀) in the Joseon Dynasty

Yong Sam Lee,Sang Hyuk Kim,Byeong-Hee Mihn 한국우주과학회 2015 Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences Vol.32 No.1

The Yang-gyeong-gyu-il-ui (兩景揆日儀) is a kind of elevation sundial using three wooden plates. Sang-hyeok Lee (李尙爀, 1810~?) and Byeong-cheol Nam (南秉哲, 1817~1863) gave descriptions of this sundial and explained how to use it in their Gyu-il-go (揆日考) and Ui-gi-jip-seol (儀器輯說), respectively. According to Gyu-il-go (揆日考) there are two horizontal plates and two vertical plates that have lines of season and time. Subseasonal (節候) lines are engraved between seasonal (節氣) lines, subdividing the interval into three equal lines of Cho-hu (初候, early subseason), Jung-hu (中候, mid subseason) and Mal-hu (末候, late subseason); there are 13 seasonal lines for a year, thus resulting in 37 subseasonal lines; also, there are 12 double-hour (時辰) lines for a day engraved on these plates. The only remaining artifact of Yang-gyeong-gyu-il-ui was made in 1849 (the 15th year of Heon-jong) and is kept at the Korea University Museum. We have compared and analyzed Yanggyeong- gyu-il-ui and similar western sundials. Also, we have reviewed the scientific aspect of this artifact and built a replica. Yang-gyeong-gyu-il-ui is a new model enhanced from the miniaturization development in the early Joseon Dynasty and can be applied to the southern part of the tropic line through a structure change.

건강한 성인에서 발병한 칸디다와 연관된 위궤양 1례

박지훈,이상혁,김희,이재호,박성재,지삼룡,양성연,박은택,이연재,설상영,정정명,강미선 白中央醫療院 2005 仁濟醫學 Vol.26 No.1

Fungus such as Candida albicans is a normal flora that is frequently found in the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary tract, vaginal mucosa in a normal person. However, candida can cause opportunistic infection in an immune compromised host. Candidiasis has broad spectrum of disease from mucocutaneous infection to invasive or disseminated infection. But, it is rarely reported that candida is associaed with gastrointestinal tract disease in a healthy adult. The case of gastric ulcer associated with candida particularly in a health adult is reported with relevant literature.

A Study of the Yang-gyeong-gyu-il-ui (兩景揆日儀) in the Joseon Dynasty

Lee, Yong Sam,Kim, Sang Hyuk,Mihn, Byeong-Hee The Korean Space Science Society 2015 Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences Vol.32 No.1

The Yang-gyeong-gyu-il-ui (兩景揆日儀) is a kind of elevation sundial using three wooden plates. Sang-hyeok Lee (李尙爀, 1810~?) and Byeong-cheol Nam (南秉哲, 1817~1863) gave descriptions of this sundial and explained how to use it in their Gyu-il-go (揆日考) and Ui-gi-jip-seol (儀器輯說), respectively. According to Gyu-il-go (揆日考) there are two horizontal plates and two vertical plates that have lines of season and time. Subseasonal (節候) lines are engraved between seasonal (節氣) lines, subdividing the interval into three equal lines of Cho-hu (初候, early subseason), Jung-hu (中候, mid subseason) and Mal-hu (末候, late subseason); there are 13 seasonal lines for a year, thus resulting in 37 subseasonal lines; also, there are 12 double-hour (時辰) lines for a day engraved on these plates. The only remaining artifact of Yang-gyeong-gyu-il-ui was made in 1849 (the $15^{th}$ year of Heon-jong) and is kept at the Korea University Museum. We have compared and analyzed Yang-gyeong-gyu-il-ui and similar western sundials. Also, we have reviewed the scientific aspect of this artifact and built a replica. Yang-gyeong-gyu-il-ui is a new model enhanced from the miniaturization development in the early Joseon Dynasty and can be applied to the southern part of the tropic line through a structure change.

바터 팽대부에 생긴 유암종 1예

강명주,지삼룡,박석주,이재익,조영완,김준영,박성재,박은택,이연재,이상혁,설상영,배상균 인제대학교 2006 仁濟醫學 Vol.27 No.-

Carcinoid tumors have been reported in a wide range of organs but most commonly involve the lungs, bronchi and gastrointestinal tract. Within the gastrointestinal tract, appendix is the most common location for carcinoid, followed by the distal small intestine, the rectum, and the stomach. Among these, primary involvement of the ampulla of Vater is extremely rare. We report a case of carcinoid tumor of ampulla of Vater. A 62-year-old man presented with epigastric soreness. Gastroduodenal endoscopy showed hyperemic bulging mass on ampulla of Vater and diagnosed as carcinoid tumor by histologic finding, with immunohistochemical study. In ^(111)In-octreoscan, tumor had regional lymph node metastasis, but no evidence of distant metastasis. Pancreatoduodenectomy with lymph node dissection was performed.

영어 5형식 구문에서의 주어

김상혁 한국교통대학교 2015 한국교통대학교 논문집 Vol.50 No.-

There are many kinds of phrases that can be Subjects in English. Subjects can be realized by various classes of groups and clauses: nominal group, finite clause, non-finite clause, anticipatory it + extraposed finite or non-finite clause, prop it, presentative there + postposed NP, prepositional group, adverbial group, and adjectival group.

영어와 한국어 어법의 유사점과 차이점

김상혁 한국교통대학교 2019 한국교통대학교 논문집 Vol.54 No.-

The aim of this article is to explain the usage similarity and difference between Korean and English. Though in Korean they use the same word, in English when they refer to an event in terms of the time separating it from the present moment, they use the expression, ‘time phrase + AGO’, if it occurred in the past. The reference point may actually be before the present moment, and they commonly use the expressions, ‘time phrase + BEFORE + reference point. Many Korean speakers of English misuse the adverb, ‘almost’, most frequently and seriously. Many of these mistakes result from confusing the meanings of ‘most’ and ‘almost’. In English, if they are talking about a majority, they use the word, ‘MOST’. In English ‘EVEN THOUGH’ is used for conditions that really exist (FACTS), and ‘EVEN IF’ is used for conditions that do not really exist at the moment (HYPOTHETICAL, imagined, or future situations). In English a ‘STAFF’ is a GROUP OF PERSONS working under the same manager or performing the same functions and an INDIVIDUAL WORKER can be described as being, “on a staff”, ‘a member of a staff’, or ‘a staff member’.

屈折素 分解 假說과 障壁 槪念의 定義

朴勝赫 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1993 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.62 No.1

The split INFL hypothesis has been exercising a great influence on current studies of syntactic phenomena in various languages ever since it was first proposed by Pollock (1989). The curx of the hypothesis is that the functional head INFL must split up into two new functional heads, T(ense) and Agr(eement). It is assumed by Pollock(1989) that the two newly-created functional heads have their own projections, and in consequence, the maximal projection of the functional head I, i.e., IP, must now split up into two new maximal projections, i.e., TP and AgrP. If we accept the split INFL hypothesis, therefore, it means that the number of logically possible barriers increases since maximal projections are potential barriers in the sense of Chomsky(1986). The purpose of this paper is to see if the standard definition of the notion of barrier suggested by Chomsky (1986) can successfully handle the phenomenon of head movement on the fine structure of canonical clause entailed from the split INFL hypothesis. It turns out not to be true that Chomskys (1986) original formulation of the notion of barrier can treat head movement on the structure assumed in the split INFL hypothesis. We suggest that various notions and assumptions used for the definition of barrier in Chomsky (1986) be modified in order for the definition to deal with the phenomenon of head movement on the new structure. Our discussion in this paper boils down to the following: (ⅰ) The notion of lexical category used in the definition of barrier must be defined in such a way that lexical categories are those non-affixal elements which have the value of [+/-N, +/-V] features and phonetic matrices as well. As a consequence, such auxiliary verbs as aspectuals must be included in the set of lexical categories. (ⅱ) The notion of L-marking must be defined without reference to the notion of -marking since it would be very difficult to maintain that functional categories like T, Neg, and Agr -mark complements if we accept the standard notion of -marking. If we were to assume -marking as a necessary condition for L-marking every functional head should -mark its complement since otherwise the maximal projection of the head of that complement category would become a barrier. In this respect, we claim that -marking should not be a necessary condition for L-marking. (ⅲ) A lexical category can L-mark wherever it occurs. In other words, a moved lexical category α may maintain its L-marking properties even when it has already L-marked its rightful complement in its pre-movement position. In this case, the value of L-marking may not change even if the L-marking head has moved to a higher position. This phenomenon is analogous to that of γ-marking suggested by Lasnik and Saito (1984; 1992). (ⅳ) The notion of minimality barrier as formulated by Chomsky (1986) may not apply to the fine structure assumed in the split INFL hypothesis. If it were possible for intermediate projections to function as minimality barriers as in Chomskys rigid minimality framework, it would be impossible to present any correct account of the phenomenon of head movement since there would appear various intermediate projections of functional categories. We therefore abandon Chomskys rigid minimality and adopt Rizzis (1990) relativized minimality instead. In accordance with the latter theory, we do not accept the barrierhood of intermediate projections but rather the obstaclehood of their head with respect to head movement. The problem with Neg can be solved if we adopt Pollocks (1989) assumption that Neg is intrinsically inert for government and that heads intrinsically inert for government do not count as potential intervening head governors for the minimality principle. The main results of the present research above have been derived chiefly from the interaction between barriers theory and head movement. Some modifications to the results might be needed if such movement phenomena as NP-movement, wh-movement, and quantifier movement are taken into consideration. We reserve this for future research.

英語의 擴大 投射 原理 效果

朴勝赫 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1994 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.65 No.1-2

According to Chomskys(1993) minimalist theory, the Extended Projection Principle (EPP) in English is not an independent principle any more, but derived from other deeper principles (or certain language-particular parameters) of the grammar. Chomsky (1993) claims that the requirement that clauses have subjects in English can be explained by assuming that the DP feature of the functional head T is strong in English. Since strong features become illegitimate objects at PF if they are not checked off prior to Spell-out, the subject DP must move out of its containing VP into the checking domain of T, where its features are checked by T. As a result of this checking operation, the strong DP feature of T is discharged and hence eliminated for convergence at PF; otherwise, the derivation crashes. In order to make his account of the EPP effect in English work, Chomsky (1993) assumes, among others : (i) T adjoins to Ages pre-Spell-out, and that (ii) the subject DP moves into the checking domain of T before Spell-out. These assumptions, however, do not seem to stand on solid grounds when we take Chomskys (1993) Principle of Greed into consideration. The purpose of this paper is thus to show that the account of the EPP effect in English presented by Chomsky (1993) within the framework of his minimalist theory is untenable in light of the concept Greed, which plays an important role in the minimalist theory, and to provide a condition on the application of Greed so that the EPP effect in English can be accounted for in a more plausible way. We specifically raise the following questions: (ⅰ) Why does T adjoin to AgrS pre-Spell-out? (ⅱ) Where does the subject DP move to? and (ⅲ) Why does the subject DP move before Spell-out? Questions (ⅰ) and (ⅱ) are solved if we adopt Chomskys (1994) suggestions that agreement can be assigned without Case. According to this suggestion, the functional head T need not adjoin to AgrS to begin with since it can check the Case feature of the DP in its specifier position without movement to AgrS; hence the problem in (ⅰ) disappears in toto. Furthermore, if the specifier position of TP exists, as suggested in Chomsky (1994) (unlike in Chomsky (1993)), and the head T can check the Case feature of the element in [Spec, TP], the subject DP need not move into [Spec, AgrSP] but into [Spec, TP] for its Case feature checking. Question (ⅲ) is one of the most serious problem in Chomskys (1993; 1994) minimalist system and hence the core of the discussions in this paper. Chomsky (1994) assumes that Greed holds in the strong form : Move raises α to a position β only if morphological properties of α itself would not otherwise be satisfied in the derivation. However, this strong Greed does not motivate the movement of the subject DP is not strong but that of the functional head T is. Therefore, the movement of the subject DP itself but to the strong nature of the DP feature of T. In an effort to provide a plausible answer to the questions in (ⅲ) , we in this respect propose the following condition on the application of Greed : Move α for the checking of the morphological features of α by β may apply without regard for Procrastinate if it satisfies the morphological requirements of β at a given point in the derivation. As a consequence of the proposal, VP-internal subjects can now move to [Spec, TP] pre-Spell-out and their Case feature is checked by T, which on its part can discharge its strong feature. This checked strong feature of T can now be stripped away by Spell-out; hence the derivation converges. The same explanation holds good for the case of the exceptional Case marking construction, where the embedded infinitival complement clause shows the same EPP effect as in ordinary tensed clauses, if we adopt Lasniks (1993) assumption that the DP feature of the infinitival T is also strong.

中間 痕迹 考察

박승혁 이화여자대학교 부설 한국문화연구원 1992 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.60 No.1

The existence of intermediate traces (especially of A´-intermediate traces) is not entirely obvious even though they have played a non-trivial role in the development of Government and Binding Theory. The Subjacency Condition, which is assumed to be one of the principles of UG, does not seem to make the establishment of intermediate traces unavoidable, if the condition is viewed as a condition on movement rather than on representation. A similar conclusion may be drawn from the consideration of the Empty Category Principle, which has also been assumed to be one of the principles of UG. Nonetheless, the intermediate trace (even of arguments) that participates in establishing a chain connection between an operator and a variable can be represented at LF if we adopt Rizzis(1990) approach. Intermediate traces are like initial traces, which are required by modules like the Projection Principle, in that they have no phonological matrix. Unlike initial traces, however, they are invisible to such rules and principles as wanna-contraction, the (Extended) Projection Principle, etc. Wh-intermediate traces appears in A´-position, which is a θ´-position to which no Case is assigned, so that they do not affect semantic interpretation of a sentence. Summarizing their grammatical properties, we can conclude that they are subject to the ECP just like initial traces and that they must have a neutralized feature complex[-WH, -pred] without regard to the feature complex of their antecedent. Hence they cannot appear in the Spec position of a verb that require a [+WH] complementizer. They can license Agr for a null complementizer through A´-agreement so that the null complementizer may properly head govern the element that satisfies the structural condition on government.

신호분리를 위한 Diplexer에 관한 연구

성정현,김성균,김상혁,김호섭,박준석,안달 호서대학교 반도체제조장비국산화연구센터 2000 학술대회 자료집 Vol.2000 No.1

본 논문에서는 신호의 분리와 합성이 가능한 Diplexer를 제작하였다. 저역 통과 여파기와 고역 통과 여파기의 특성을 정합하여 Diplexer로 구현함으로써 신호의 분리와 합성이 가능하다는 것을 시뮬레이션을 통해 확인하였다. 또한 신호의 분리와 합성의 가능성을 입증하기 위해 실제 마이크로스트립구조의 Diplexer를 제작, 측정한 결과 각각의 통과 대역폭 내에서 0.4dB, 0.8dB이내의 삽입손실과 -20dB의 반사손실이 됨을 실험결과를 통해 알수 있었고 또한, 인덕터의 구현 방법을 마이크로스트립으로 하여 주파수 특성과 재현성을 높였다.